The Passover
10The people of Israel who came from exile kept the passover on the fourteenth day of the first month, after the priests and the Levites were purified together. 11Not all of the returned captives were purified, but the Levites were all purified together,a 12and they sacrificed the passover lamb for all the returned captives and for their kindred the priests and for themselves. 13The people of Israel who had returned from exile ate it, all those who had separated themselves from the abominations of the peoples of the land and sought the Lord. 14They also kept the festival of unleavened bread seven days, rejoicing before the Lord, 15because he had changed the will of the king of the Assyrians concerning them, to strengthen their hands for the service of the Lord God of Israel.
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a Meaning of Gk uncertain
7.1–9 The temple is dedicated.
7.2 The account in Ezra 6.13 speaks only of the non-Jews doing what Darius had ordered—providing resources for the temple work. Here they are, strangely enough, actively involved in the rebuilding as they supervised the holy work.
7.5 The twenty-third day of the month of Adar, April 1, 515 BCE, a date perhaps to be preferred to that of Ezra 6.15, “the third day.”
7.9 And the gatekeepers were at each gate, an addition to Ezra 6.18.
7.10–15 The Passover.
7.11 Not all of the returned captives were purified, lacking in Ezra 6.20, is perhaps the result of a scribal error, though there may be an allusion to 2 Chr 30.18, where some unpurified Northerners nevertheless were able to celebrate Passover.
7.15 King of the Assyrians, an unusual and incorrect title for Darius, but borrowed from Ezra 6.22.
1 ESDRAS 8
Ezra Arrives in Jerusalem
1After these things, when Artaxerxes, the king of the Persians, was reigning, Ezra came, the son of Seraiah, son of Azariah, son of Hilkiah, son of Shallum, 2son of Zadok, son of Ahitub, son of Amariah, son of Uzzi, son of Bukki, son of Abishua, son of Phineas, son of Eleazar, son of Aaron the higha priest. 3This Ezra came up from Babylon as a scribe skilled in the law of Moses, which was given by the God of Israel; 4and the king showed him honor, for he found favor before the kingb in all his requests. 5There came up with him to Jerusalem some of the people of Israel and some of the priests and Levites and temple singers and gatekeepers and temple servants, 6in the seventh year of the reign of Artaxerxes, in the fifth month (this was the king’s seventh year); for they left Babylon on the new moon of the first month and arrived in Jerusalem on the new moon of the fifth month, by the prosperous journey that the Lord gave them.c 7For Ezra possessed great knowledge, so that he omitted nothing from the law of the Lord or the commandments, but taught all Israel all the ordinances and judgments.
The King’s Mandate
8The following is a copy of the written commission from King Artaxerxes that was delivered to Ezra the priest and reader of the law of the Lord:
9“King Artaxerxes to Ezra the priest and reader of the law of the Lord, greeting. 10In accordance with my gracious decision, I have given orders that those of the Jewish nation and of the priests and Levites and others in our realm, those who freely choose to do so, may go with you to Jerusalem. 11Let as many as are so disposed, therefore, leave with you, just as I and the seven Friends who are my counselors have decided, 12in order to look into matters in Judea and Jerusalem, in accordance with what is in the law of the Lord, 13and to carry to Jerusalem the gifts for the Lord of Israel that I and my Friends have vowed, and to collect for the Lord in Jerusalem all the gold and silver that may be found in the country of Babylonia, 14together with what is given by the nation for the temple of their Lord that is in Jerusalem, both gold and silver for bulls and rams and lambs and what goes with them, 15so as to offer sacrifices on the altar of their Lord that is in Jerusalem. 16Whatever you and your kindred are minded to do with the gold and silver, perform it in accordance with the will of your God; 17deliver the holy vessels of the Lord that are given you for the use of the temple of your God that is in Jerusalem. 18And whatever else occurs to you as necessary for the temple of your God, you may provide out of the royal treasury.
19“I, King Artaxerxes, have commanded the treasurers of Syria and Phoenicia that whatever Ezra the priest and reader of the law of the Most High God sends for, they shall take care to give him, 20up to a hundred talents of silver, and likewise up to a hundred cors of wheat, a hundred baths of wine, and salt in abundance. 21Let all things prescribed in the law of God be scrupulously fulfilled for the Most High God, so that wrath may not come upon the kingdom of the king and his sons. 22You are also informed that no tribute or any other tax is to be laid on any of the priests or Levites or temple singers or gatekeepers or temple servants or persons employed in this temple, and that no one has authority to impose any tax on them.
23“And you, Ezra, according to the wisdom of God, appoint judges and justices to judge all those who know the law of your God, throughout all Syria and Phoenicia; and you shall teach it to those who do not know it. 24All who transgress the law of your God or the law of the kingdom shall be strictly punished, whether by death or some other punishment, either fine or imprisonment.”
Ezra Praises God
25Then Ezra the scribe said,d “Blessed be the Lord alone, who put this into the heart of the king, to glorify his house that is in Jerusalem, 26and who honored me in the sight of the king and his counselors and all his Friends and nobles. 27I was encouraged by the help of the Lord my God, and I gathered men from Israel to go up with me.”
The Leaders Who Returned
28These are the leaders, according to their ancestral houses and their groups, who went up with me from Babylon, in the reign of King Artaxerxes: 29Of the descendants of Phineas, Gershom. Of the descendants of Ithamar, Gamael. Of the descendants of David, Hattush son of Shecaniah. 30Of the descendants of Parosh, Zechariah, and with him a hundred fifty men enrolled. 31Of the descendants of Pahath-moab, Eliehoenai son of Zerahiah, and with him two hundred men. 32Of the descendants of Zattu, Shecaniah son of Jahaziel, and with him three hundred men. Of the descendants of Adin, Obed son of Jonathan, and with him two hundred fifty men. 33Of the descendants of Elam, Jeshaiah son of Gotholiah, and with him seventy men. 34Of the descendants of Shephatiah, Zeraiah son of Michael, and with him seventy men. 35Of the descendants of Joab, Obadiah son of Jehiel, and with him two hundred twelve men. 36Of the descendants of Bani, Shelomith son of Josiphiah, and with him a hundred sixty men. 37Of the descendants of Bebai, Zechariah son of Bebai, and with him twenty-eight men. 38Of the descendants of Azgad, Johanan son of Hakkatan, and with him a hundred ten men. 39Of the descendants of Adonikam, the last ones, their names being Eliphelet, Jeuel, and Shemaiah, and with them seventy men. 40Of the descendants of Bigvai, Uthai son of Istalcurus, and with him seventy men.
41I assembled them at the river called Theras, and we encamped there three days, and I inspected them. 42When I found there none of the descendants of the priests or of the Levites, 43I sent word to Eliezar, Iduel, Maasmas, 44Elnathan, Shemaiah, Jarib, Nathan, Elnathan, Zechariah, and Meshullam, who were leaders and men of understanding; 45I told them to go to Iddo, who was the leading man at the place of the treasury, 46and ordered them to tell Iddo and his kindred and the treasurers at that place to send us men to serve as priests in the house of our Lord. 47And by the mighty hand of our Lord they brought us competent men of the descendants of Mahli son of Levi, son of Israel, namely Sherebiahe with his descendants and kinsmen, eighteen; 48also Hashabiah and Annunus and his brother Jeshaiah, of the descendants of Hananiah, and their descendants, twenty men; 49and of the temple servants, whom David and the leaders had given for the service of the Levites, two hundred twenty temple servants; the list of all their names was reported.
Ezra Proclaims a Fast
50There I proclaimed a fast for the young men before our Lord, to seek from him a prosperous journey for ourselves and for our children and the livestock that were with us. 51For
I was ashamed to ask the king for foot soldiers and cavalry and an escort to keep us safe from our adversaries; 52for we had said to the king, “The power of our Lord will be with those who seek him, and will support them in every way.” 53And again we prayed to our Lord about these things, and we found him very merciful.
The Gifts for the Temple
54Then I set apart twelve of the leaders of the priests, Sherebiah and Hashabiah, and ten of their kinsmen with them; 55and I weighed out to them the silver and the gold and the holy vessels of the house of our Lord, which the king himself and his counselors and the nobles and all Israel had given. 56I weighed and gave to them six hundred fifty talents of silver, and silver vessels worth a hundred talents, and a hundred talents of gold, 57and twenty golden bowls, and twelve bronze vessels of fine bronze that glittered like gold. 58And I said to them, “You are holy to the Lord, and the vessels are holy, and the silver and the gold are vowed to the Lord, the Lord of our ancestors. 59Be watchful and on guard until you deliver them to the leaders of the priests and the Levites, and to the heads of the ancestral houses of Israel, in Jerusalem, in the chambers of the house of our Lord.” 60So the priests and the Levites who took the silver and the gold and the vessels that had been in Jerusalem carried them to the temple of the Lord.
The Return to Jerusalem
61We left the river Theras on the twelfth day of the first month; and we arrived in Jerusalem by the mighty hand of our Lord, which was upon us; he delivered us from every enemy on the way, and so we came to Jerusalem. 62When we had been there three days, the silver and the gold were weighed and delivered in the house of our Lord to the priest Meremoth son of Uriah; 63with him was Eleazar son of Phinehas, and with them were Jozabad son of Jeshua and Moeth son of Binnui,f the Levites. 64The whole was counted and weighed, and the weight of everything was recorded at that very time. 65And those who had returned from exile offered sacrifices to the Lord, the God of Israel, twelve bulls for all Israel, ninety-six rams, 66seventy-two lambs, and as a thank offering twelve male goats—all as a sacrifice to the Lord. 67They delivered the king’s orders to the royal stewards and to the governors of Coelesyria and Phoenicia; and these officialsg honored the people and the temple of the Lord.
Ezra’s Prayer
68After these things had been done, the leaders came to me and said, 69“The people of Israel and the rulers and the priests and the Levites have not put away from themselves the alien peoples of the land and their pollutions, the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Jebusites, the Moabites, the Egyptians, and the Edomites. 70For they and their descendants have married the daughters of these people,h and the holy race has been mixed with the alien peoples of the land; and from the beginning of this matter the leaders and the nobles have been sharing in this iniquity.”
71As soon as I heard these things I tore my garments and my holy mantle, and pulled out hair from my head and beard, and sat down in anxiety and grief. 72And all who were ever moved ati the word of the Lord of Israel gathered around me, as I mourned over this iniquity, and I sat grief-stricken until the evening sacrifice. 73Then I rose from my fast, with my garments and my holy mantle torn, and kneeling down and stretching out my hands to the Lord 74I said,
“O Lord, I am ashamed and confused before your face. 75For our sins have risen higher than our heads, and our mistakes have mounted up to heaven 76from the times of our ancestors, and we are in great sin to this day. 77Because of our sins and the sins of our ancestors, we with our kindred and our kings and our priests were given over to the kings of the earth, to the sword and exile and plundering, in shame until this day. 78And now in some measure mercy has come to us from you, O Lord, to leave to us a root and a name in your holy place, 79and to uncover a light for us in the house of the Lord our God, and to give us food in the time of our servitude. 80Even in our bondage we were not forsaken by our Lord, but he brought us into favor with the kings of the Persians, so that they have given us food 81and glorified the temple of our Lord, and raised Zion from desolation, to give us a stronghold in Judea and Jerusalem.
82“And now, O Lord, what shall we say, when we have these things? For we have transgressed your commandments, which you gave by your servants the prophets, saying, 83‘The land that you are entering to take possession of is a land polluted with the pollution of the aliens of the land, and they have filled it with their uncleanness. 84Therefore do not give your daughters in marriage to their descendants, and do not take their daughters for your descendants; 85do not seek ever to have peace with them, so that you may be strong and eat the good things of the land and leave it for an inheritance to your children forever.’ 86And all that has happened to us has come about because of our evil deeds and our great sins. For you, O Lord, lifted the burden of our sins 87and gave us such a root as this; but we turned back again to transgress your law by mixing with the uncleanness of the peoples of the land. 88Were you not angry enough with us to destroy us without leaving a root or seed or name? 89O Lord of Israel, you are faithful; for we are left as a root to this day. 90See, we are now before you in our iniquities; for we can no longer stand in your presence because of these things.”
The Plan for Ending Mixed Marriages
91While Ezra was praying and making his confession, weeping and lying on the ground before the temple, there gathered around him a very great crowd of men and women and youths from Jerusalem; for there was great weeping among the multitude. 92Then Shecaniah son of Jehiel, one of the men of Israel, called out, and said to Ezra, “We have sinned against the Lord, and have married foreign women from the peoples of the land; but even now there is hope for Israel. 93Let us take an oath to the Lord about this, that we will put away all our foreign wives, with their children, 94as seems good to you and to all who obey the law of the Lord. 95Rise upj and take action, for it is your task, and we are with you to take strong measures.” 96Then Ezra rose up and made the leaders of the priests and Levites of all Israel swear that they would do this. And they swore to it.
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a Gk the first
b Gk him
c Other authorities add for him or upon him
d Other ancient authorities lack Then Ezra the scribe said
e Gk Asbebias
f Gk Sabannus
g Gk they
h Gk their daughters
i Or zealous for
j Other ancient authorities read as seems good to you.” And all who obeyed the law of the Lord rose and said to Ezra, 95“Rise up
8.1–7 Ezra arrives.
8.1–2 The genealogy of Ezra is more concise than in Ezra 7.1–5.
8.7 He omitted nothing from the law of the Lord, wording that emphasizes, even more so than that of Ezra 7.10, Ezra’s strict observance of the law.
8.42 None of the descendants…Levites. Ezra 8.15 says only that there were no Levites.
8.50 Young men, a misreading of nahar (“river,” as in Ezra 8.21) as na‘arim, “young men.”
8.66 Ezra 8.35 has “seventy-seven lambs” 1 Esdras may preserve the correct number, seventy-two, which is a multiple of twelve, symbolizing the twelve tribes of Israel.
8.71 My holy mantle. Ezra 9.3 has simply “my mantle,” but Ezra is of course a priest, so his garments are holy.
8.80 Have given us food. Ezra 9.9 has a less literal phrase, “to give us new life.”
1 ESDRAS 9
The Expulsion of Foreign Wives
1Then Ezra set out and went from the court of the temple to the chamber of Jehohanan son of Eliashib, 2and spent the night there; and he did not eat bread or drink water, for he was mourning over the great iniquities of the multitude. 3And a proclamation was made throughout Judea and Jerusalem to all who had returned from exile that they should assemble at Jerusalem, 4and that if any did not meet there within two or three days, in accordance with the decision of the ruling elders, their livestock would be seized for sacrifice and the men themselvesa expelled from the multitude of those who had returned from the capti
vity.
5Then the men of the tribe of Judah and Benjamin assembled at Jerusalem within three days; this was the ninth month, on the twentieth day of the month. 6All the multitude sat in the open square before the temple, shivering because of the bad weather that prevailed. 7Then Ezra stood up and said to them, “You have broken the law and married foreign women, and so have increased the sin of Israel. 8Now then make confession and give glory to the Lord the God of our ancestors, 9and do his will; separate yourselves from the peoples of the land and from your foreign wives.”
10Then all the multitude shouted and said with a loud voice, “We will do as you have said. 11But the multitude is great and it is winter, and we are not able to stand in the open air. This is not a work we can do in one day or two, for we have sinned too much in these things. 12So let the leaders of the multitude stay, and let all those in our settlements who have foreign wives come at the time appointed, 13with the elders and judges of each place, until we are freed from the wrath of the Lord over this matter.”
14Jonathan son of Asahel and Jahzeiah son of Tikvahb undertook the matter on these terms, and Meshullam and Levi and Shabbethai served with them as judges. 15And those who had returned from exile acted in accordance with all this.
16Ezra the priest chose for himself the leading men of their ancestral houses, all of them by name; and on the new moon of the tenth month they began their sessions to investigate the matter. 17And the cases of the men who had foreign wives were brought to an end by the new moon of the first month.
HarperCollins Study Bible Page 411
