Advanced Criminal Investigations and Intelligence Operations

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  authorized by this chapter, has obtained knowledge of the contents

  of any wire, oral, or electronic communication, or evidence derived

  there from, may disclose such contents to another investigative or

  law enforcement officer to the extent that such disclosure is appro-

  priate to the proper performance of the official duties of the officer

  making or receiving the disclosure.

  (2) Any investigative or law enforcement officer who, by any means

  authorized by this chapter, has obtained knowledge of the contents

  of any wire, oral, or electronic communication or evidence derived

  there from may use such contents to the extent such use is appropri-

  ate to the proper performance of his official duties.

  (3) Any person who has received, by any means authorized by this

  chapter, any information concerning a wire, oral, or electronic com-

  munication, or evidence derived there from intercepted in accordance

  with the provisions of this chapter may disclose the contents of that

  communication or such derivative evidence while giving testimony

  under oath or affirmation in any proceeding held under the authority

  of the United States or of any State or political subdivision thereof.

  (4) No otherwise privileged wire, oral, or electronic communication

  intercepted in accordance with, or in violation of, the provisions of

  this chapter shall lose its privileged character.

  (5) When an investigative or law enforcement officer, while engaged in

  intercepting wire, oral, or electronic communications in the manner

  authorized herein, intercepts wire, oral, or electronic communica-

  tions relating to offenses other than those specified in the order of

  authorization or approval, the contents thereof, and evidence derived

  there from, may be disclosed or used as provided in subsections (1)

  and (2) of this section. Such contents and any evidence derived there

  from may be used under subsection (3) of this section when autho-

  rized or approved by a judge of competent jurisdiction where such

  judge finds on subsequent application that the contents were other-

  wise intercepted in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.

  Such application shall be made as soon as practicable.

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  (6) Any investigative or law enforcement officer, or attorney for the

  Government, who by any means authorized by this chapter, has

  obtained knowledge of the contents of any wire, oral, or electronic

  communication, or evidence derived there from, may disclose such

  contents to any other Federal law enforcement, intelligence, protec-

  tive, immigration, national defense, or national security official to

  the extent that such contents include foreign intelligence or counter-

  intelligence (as defined in section 3 of the National Security Act of

  1947 (50 U.S.C. 401a)), or foreign intelligence information (as defined

  in subsection (19) of section 2510 of this title), to assist the official who is to receive that information in the performance of his official duties. Any Federal official who receives information pursuant

  to this provision may use that information only as necessary in the

  conduct of that person’s official duties subject to any limitations on

  the unauthorized disclosure of such information.

  (7) Any investigative or law enforcement officer, or other Federal offi-

  cial in carrying out official duties as such Federal official, who by any means authorized by this chapter, has obtained knowledge of the

  contents of any wire, oral, or electronic communication, or evidence

  derived there from, may disclose such contents or derivative evidence

  to a foreign investigative or law enforcement officer to the extent

  that such disclosure is appropriate to the proper performance of the

  official duties of the officer making or receiving the disclosure, and

  foreign investigative or law enforcement officers may use or disclose

  such contents or derivative evidence to the extent such use or disclo-

  sure is appropriate to the proper performance of their official duties.

  (8) Any investigative or law enforcement officer, or other Federal offi-

  cial in carrying out official duties as such Federal official, who by

  any means authorized by this chapter, has obtained knowledge of the

  contents of any wire, oral, or electronic communication, or evidence

  derived there from, may disclose such contents or derivative evidence

  to any appropriate Federal, State, local, or foreign government official

  to the extent that such contents or derivative evidence reveals a threat

  of actual or potential attack or other grave hostile acts of a foreign

  power or an agent of a foreign power, domestic or international sabo-

  tage, domestic or international terrorism, or clandestine intelligence

  gathering activities by an intelligence service or network of a foreign

  power or by an agent of a foreign power, within the United States

  or elsewhere, for the purpose of preventing or responding to such a

  threat. Any official who receives information pursuant to this provi-

  sion may use that information only as necessary in the conduct of that

  person’s official duties subject to any limitations on the unauthor-

  ized disclosure of such information, and any State, local, or foreign

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  281

  official who receives information pursuant to this provision may use

  that information only consistent with such guidelines as the Attorney

  General and Director of Central Intelligence shall jointly issue.

  § 2518. Procedure for Interception of Wire,

  Oral, or Electronic Communications

  (1) Each application for an order authorizing or approving the intercep-

  tion of a wire, oral, or electronic communication under this chapter

  shall be made in writing upon oath or affirmation to a judge of compe-

  tent jurisdiction and shall state the applicant’s authority to make such

  application. Each application shall include the fol owing information:

  (a) the identity of the investigative or law enforcement officer mak-

  ing the application, and the officer authorizing the application;

  (b) a full and complete statement of the facts and circumstances

  relied upon by the applicant, to justify his belief that an order

  should be issued, including (i) details as to the particular

  offense that has been, is being, or is about to be committed,

  (ii) except as provided in subsection (11), a particular descrip-

  tion of the nature and location of the facilities from which

  or the place where the communication is to be intercepted,

  (iii) a particular description of the type of communications

  sought to be intercepted, (iv) the identity of the person, if

  known, committing the offense and whose communications

  are to be intercepted;

  (c) a full and complete statement as to whether or not other inves-

  tigative procedures have been tried and failed or why they rea-

  sonably appear to be unlikely to succeed if tried or to be too

  dangerous;

  (d) a statement of the period of time for which the interception is

  required to be maintained. If the nature of the
investigation is

  such that the authorization for interception should not auto-

  matically terminate when the described type of communica-

  tion has been first obtained, a particular description of facts

  establishing probable cause to believe that additional commu-

  nications of the same type will occur thereafter;

  (e) a full and complete statement of the facts concerning all pre-

  vious applications known to the individual authorizing and

  making the application, made to any judge for authorization

  to intercept, or for approval of interceptions of, wire, oral, or

  electronic communications involving any of the same persons,

  facilities or places specified in the application, and the action

  taken by the judge on each such application; and

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  (f) where the application is for the extension of an order, a statement

  setting forth the results thus far obtained from the interception,

  or a reasonable explanation of the failure to obtain such results.

  (2) The judge may require the applicant to furnish additional testimony

  or documentary evidence in support of the application.

  (3) Upon such application the judge may enter an ex parte order, as

  requested or as modified, authorizing or approving interception

  of wire, oral, or electronic communications within the territorial

  jurisdiction of the court in which the judge is sitting (and outside

  that jurisdiction but within the United States in the case of a mobile

  interception device authorized by a Federal court within such juris-

  diction), if the judge determines on the basis of the facts submitted

  by the applicant that—

  (a) there is probable cause for belief that an individual is commit-

  ting, has committed, or is about to commit a particular offense

  enumerated in section 2516 of this chapter;

  (b) there is probable cause for belief that particular communi-

  cations concerning that offense will be obtained through

  such interception;

  (c) normal investigative procedures have been tried and have

  failed or reasonably appear to be unlikely to succeed if tried or

  to be too dangerous;

  (d) except as provided in subsection (11), there is probable cause

  for belief that the facilities from which, or the place where, the

  wire, oral, or electronic communications are to be intercepted

  are being used, or are about to be used, in connection with the

  commission of such offense, or are leased to, listed in the name

  of, or commonly used by such person.

  (4) Each order authorizing or approving the interception of any wire,

  oral, or electronic communication under this chapter shall specify—

  (a) the identity of the person, if known, whose communications

  are to be intercepted;

  (b) the nature and location of the communications facilities as to

  which, or the place where, authority to intercept is granted;

  (c) a particular description of the type of communication sought

  to be intercepted, and a statement of the particular offense to

  which it relates;

  (d) the identity of the agency authorized to intercept the commu-

  nications, and of the person authorizing the application; and

  (e) the period of time during which such interception is autho-

  rized, including a statement as to whether or not the inter-

  ception shall automatically terminate when the described

  communication has been first obtained.

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  283

  An order authorizing the interception of a wire, oral, or electronic

  communication under this chapter shal , upon request of the appli-

  cant, direct that a provider of wire or electronic communication ser-

  vice, landlord, custodian or other person shall furnish the applicant

  forthwith all information, facilities, and technical assistance neces-

  sary to accomplish the interception unobtrusively and with a mini-

  mum of interference with the services that such service provider,

  landlord, custodian, or person is according the person whose com-

  munications are to be intercepted. Any provider of wire or electronic

  communication service, landlord, custodian or other person furnish-

  ing such facilities or technical assistance shall be compensated there-

  fore by the applicant for reasonable expenses incurred in providing

  such facilities or assistance. Pursuant to section 2522 of this chapter,

  an order may also be issued to enforce the assistance capability and

  capacity requirements under the Communications Assistance for

  Law Enforcement Act.

  (5) No order entered under this section may authorize or approve the

  interception of any wire, oral, or electronic communication for any

  period longer than is necessary to achieve the objective of the autho-

  rization, nor in any event longer than thirty days. Such thirty-day

  period begins on the earlier of the day on which the investigative

  or law enforcement officer first begins to conduct an interception

  under the order or ten days after the order is entered. Extensions of

  an order may be granted, but only upon application for an extension

  made in accordance with subsection (1) of this section and the court

  making the findings required by subsection (3) of this section. The

  period of extension shall be no longer than the authorizing judge

  deems necessary to achieve the purposes for which it was granted

  and in no event for longer than thirty days. Every order and exten-

  sion thereof shall contain a provision that the authorization to inter-

  cept shall be executed as soon as practicable, shall be conducted in

  such a way as to minimize the interception of communications not

  otherwise subject to interception under this chapter, and must ter-

  minate upon attainment of the authorized objective, or in any event

  in thirty days. In the event the intercepted communication is in a

  code or foreign language, and an expert in that foreign language

  or code is not reasonably available during the interception period,

  minimization may be accomplished as soon as practicable after such

  interception. An interception under this chapter may be conducted

  in whole or in part by Government personnel, or by an individual

  operating under a contract with the Government, acting under the

  supervision of an investigative or law enforcement officer authorized

  to conduct the interception.

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  Appendix A: Electronic Surveillance Law

  (6) Whenever an order authorizing interception is entered pursuant to this chapter, the order may require reports to be made to the judge who issued the order showing what progress has been made toward achievement of

  the authorized objective and the need for continued interception. Such

  reports shall be made at such intervals as the judge may require.

  (7) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, any investiga-

  tive or law enforcement officer, specially designated by the Attorney

  General, the Deputy Attorney General, the Associate Attorney

  General, or by the principal prosecuting attorney of any State or

  subdivision thereof act
ing pursuant to a statute of that State, who

  reasonably determines that—

  (a) an emergency situation exists that involves—

  (i) immediate danger of death or serious physical injury to

  any person,

  (ii) conspiratorial activities threatening the national security

  interest, or

  (iii) conspiratorial activities characteristic of organized crime,

  that requires a wire, oral, or electronic communication to

  be intercepted before an order authorizing such intercep-

  tion can, with due diligence, be obtained, and

  (b) there are grounds upon which an order could be entered under

  this chapter to authorize such interception, may intercept such

  wire, oral, or electronic communication if an application for an

  order approving the interception is made in accordance with

  this section within forty-eight hours after the interception has

  occurred, or begins to occur. In the absence of an order, such

  interception shall immediately terminate when the communi-

  cation sought is obtained or when the application for the order

  is denied, whichever is earlier. In the event such application for

  approval is denied, or in any other case where the interception

  is terminated without an order having been issued, the contents

  of any wire, oral, or electronic communication intercepted shall

  be treated as having been obtained in violation of this chapter,

  and an inventory shall be served as provided for in subsection

  (d) of this section on the person named in the application.

  (8) (a) The contents of any wire, oral, or electronic communication

  intercepted by any means authorized by this chapter shal , if

  possible, be recorded on tape or wire or other comparable device.

  The recording of the contents of any wire, oral, or electronic com-

  munication under this subsection shall be done in such a way

  as will protect the recording from editing or other alterations.

  Immediately upon the expiration of the period of the order, or

  extensions thereof, such recordings shall be made available to

  Appendix A: Electronic Surveillance Law

  285

  the judge issuing such order and sealed under his directions.

  Custody of the recordings shall be wherever the judge orders.

 

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