by Edward Paice
Hptm. M. Wintgens (resident of Ruanda)
Lt E. von Heyden-Linden (Dr Schnee’s adjutant)
Hptm. F. von Kornatzki (Inspector of Police)
Oberlt F. Lincke (Deputy Inspector of Police)
Lt E. von Brandis (Commandant of Police HQ)
Lt W. Schreiner (Police HQ)
Hptm. R. von Kaltenborn-Stachau (artillery expert, arrived on the blockade-runner Marie in March 1916)
Former German Army and Schutztruppe officers resident in German East Africa
Major G. Schlobach Hptm. K. Freiherr von Ledebur
Major W. von Stuemer Hptm. R. Klinghardt
Hptm. F. Richter Hptm. E. Gudowius
Hptm. T. von Prince Hptm. K. Schimmer
Hptm. T. von Hasse Oberlt W. von Debschitz
Active list and retired officers visiting German East Africa at the outbreak of war
Generalmajor K. Wahle Oberlt W. Vorberg
Hptm. J. von Boemcken Lt E. von Lieberman
The source for these lists is Ludwig Boell’s Die Operationen in Ostafrika,p. 21. Certain minor details are contradicted by other leading sources: for example, Maillard and Schröder’s Das Offizierkorps der Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Ostafrika im Weltkrieg 1914–1918 lists brothers named von Busse, but neither were regular army officers with 11/FK. It should also be noted that Boell’s list of government officials who transferred to the military during 1914 and his list of former Schutztruppe officers resident in German East Africa are incomplete.
Note on the composition of German Feldkompanien
1. The average peacetime establishment of a Feldkompanie was three German officers, two German NCOs, one medical officer and 160 African NCOs and askari. Each self-contained unit was equipped with two to three machine-guns, and was typically supported by thirty to fifty irregulars known as ruga-ruga and approximately 250 porters. About two-thirds of the askari were recruited in German East Africa and one third in Sudan, Abyssinia and Somalia.
2. According to Boell (1), p. 28 a total of 3,595 Europeans and 14,598 askari served in the Schutztruppe during the campaign, and the greatest strength was achieved in March 1916 (3,007 Europeans and 12,100 askari ).
Note on German ranks and their British equivalents
Army
Generalmajor – Major-General
Oberst – Colonel
Oberstleutnant (abbr. Oberstlt) – Lieutenant-Colonel
Hauptmann (abbr. Hptm.) – Captain
Oberleutnant (abbr. Oberlt) – First Lieutenant
Leutnant (abbr. Lt) – Second Lieutenant
Feldwebel/Vizefeldwebel/Sergeant – Sergeant-Major/Sergeant/Sergeant
Wachtmeister/Vizewachtmeister – Sergeant (GEA police)
Zahlmeister/Unterzahlmeister – Paymaster
Kriegsgerichtsrat – Provost-Marshal
(Feld-)Intendantur – Quartermaster
Navy
Kapitän (abbr. Kapt.) – Captain
Kapitänleutnant (abbr. Kptlt) – Lieutenant-Commander
Korvettenkapitän (abbr. Kvtkpt.) – Lieutenant-Commander
Oberleutnant (abbr. Oberlt) – Lieutenant
Leutnant (abbr. Lt) – Second Lieutenant
Oberingenieur (abbr. Obering.) – Chief Engineer
APPENDIX TWO
Indian Expeditionary Forces ‘B’ and ‘C’:
Summarised Orders of Battle 1914
1. INDIAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE ‘B’
General Officer Commanding: Maj.-Gen. A.E. Aitken
27th (Bangalore) Infantry Brigade (Brig.-Gen. R. Wapshare)
2nd Battalion Loyal North Lancs
63rd Palamcottah Light Infantry
98th Infantry
101st Grenadiers
Imperial Service Infantry Brigade (Brig.-Gen. M.J. Tighe)
13th Rajputs
2nd Kashmir Rifles
3rd Kashmir Rifles (half-battalion)
3rd Gwalior Rifles (half-battalion)
Force Troops
61st KGO Pioneers
28th Mountain Battery (six guns)
Faridkot Sappers and Miners (one company)
No. 25 and No. 26 Railway Companies
Plus ancillary units
Force strength: 7,972 troops and 2,164 Indian Army followers
2. INDIAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE ‘C’
General Officer Commanding: Brig.-Gen. J.M. Stewart
29th Punjabis
Jhind Imperial Service Infantry (four companies)
Bharatpur Imperial Service Infantry (four companies)
Kapurthala Imperial Service Infantry (four companies)
Rampur Imperial Service Infantry (four companies)
27th Mountain Battery (six guns)
Calcutta Volunteer Battery (six 15-pdrs)
Volunteer Maxim Gun Company (four machine-guns)
Force strength: approximately 3,000 troops and 2,500 followers
APPENDIX THREE
German East Africa Schutztruppe:
Order of Battle 5 March 1916
Commander-in-Chief: Oberst P. von Lettow-Vorbeck
1. NORTH-EAST COMMAND
Note: * indicates naval rank
Neu Moschi – Headquarters
General Staff Officer: Hptm. Tafel
Adjutant: Oberlt E. Müller
Ordnance Officer: Oberlt Boell
Quartermaster: Hptm. Freiherr von Ledebur/Hptm. Richter
Provost-Marshal: Dr Goorman
Hptm. Feilke
Commander of the Northern Railway: Lt Holtz
Communications Officer: Feldpostdirektor Rothe
4/FK – Hptm. Göring
21/FK – Oberlt von Ruckteschell
Kilimanjaro and Taveta district
A. Lake Jipe (southern end): 5/SchK (Hptm. R. Doering)
B. Taveta: Abt. Schulz (Hptm. H. Schulz)
6/FK – Hptm. Vorberg
9/FK – Hptm. Otto
15/FK – Hptm. Lincke
24/FK – Oberlt Schülein
30/FK – Oberlt Werner
C73 9cm field gun
C. Salaita Hill and Rombo: Abt. Kraut (Major G. Kraut)
18/FK – Hptm. von Kornatzki
27/FK – Oberlt Osman
‘W’ Kompanie – Lt Volkmar*
Abt. Rombo – Oberstlt Freiherr von Bock
Feldbatterie Sternheim (three 6cm field guns, one 3.7cm revolver canon) – Oberlt Sternheim
Kahe district
A. Northern Railway
Abt. Bahnschutz – Lt Kluge
Linie Kompanie – Hptm. von Bodecker
B. Wilhelmstal: Abt. Wilhelmstal (Hptm. K. Freiherr von Ledebur)
C. Lembeni: Abt. Stemmermann (Hptm. P. Stemmermann)
11/FK – Oberlt von Lieberman
16/FK – Oberlt E. von Brandis
D. Pantzier Hill: Abt. Demuth (Hptm. G. Demuth)
1/FK – Oberlt Merensky
10/FK – Oberlt Steinhaüser
19/FK – Oberlt Freiherr von Unterrichter-Rechtental
6/SchK – Hptm. Kohl
7/SchK – Oberlt Gaehtgens
Feldbatterie Fromme (two 3.7cm field guns, one 4.7cm field gun) – Lt Fromme
E. Himo: Abt. Augar (Hptm. G. Augar)
3/FK – Oberlt von Busse
13/FK – Oberlt Langen
14/FK – Hptm. Freiherr von Haxthausen
Aruscha district: Abt. Fischer (Major E. Fischer)
Abt. Aruscha – Lt Kaempfe
8/SchK (mounted) – Major von Boemcken
8/FK – Hptm. Bauer
9/SchK (mounted) – Oberlt Freiherr von Lyncker
28/FK – Hptm. Rothert
Total strength of North-East Command: approximately 800 Europeans and 5,200 askari with forty-seven machine-guns and ten field guns.
2. OTHER SCHUTZTRUPPE DISPOSITIONS (NORTH)
Tanga Battalion (Major P. Baumstark)
17/FK – Hptm. Adler
4/SchK – Oberlt Methner
Tanga Kompanie – Oberlt Auracher
Pangani Kompanie – Kptlt Schütt*
‘N’ Artillery Company – Kvtkpt. Schoenfeld*
Tanga Coastal Patrol – Oberlt Zahn
Muansa Command (Hptm. U. von Chappuis)
‘A’ Kompanie – Oberlt von Oppen
‘B’ Kompanie – Lt Gunzert
‘D’ Kompanie – Lt von Gynz-Rekowski
‘E’ Kompanie – Unterzahlmeister Rehse
‘F’ Kompanie – Vizefeldwebel Piorr
Bukoba Command (Hptm. E. Gudowius)
7/ResK – Lt Kalman
‘C’ Kompanie – Oberlt von Paulssen
Abt. Bukoba – Hptm. L. von Brandis
3. WESTTRUPPEN (WESTERN COMMAND ) DISPOSITIONS
Commander: Generalmajor K. Wahle
Ruanda Command (Hptm. M. Wintgens)
7/FK – Hptm. Von Linde-Suden
23/FK – Hptm. Klinghardt
25/FK – Oberlt H. Müller
26/FK – Lt Zingel
Ruanda ‘A’ Kompanie – Oberlt Steffens
Ruanda ‘B’ Kompanie – Lt Lang
Urundi Command (Major E. von Langenn-Steinkeller)
14/ResK – Hptm. Braunschweig
Abt. Urundi – Lt Wentzel
Lake Tanganyika Command (Kvtkpt G. Zimmer*)
Abt. Möwe – Kptlt Schreiber
Artillerie – Hptm. Hering
Kasulu Post – Lt Meinicke
29/FK – Oberlt Franken
Neu Langenburg Command (Hptm. W. Falkenstein)
5/FK –
‘L’ K – Hptm. Aumann
Iringa Command (Hptm. E. Styx)
2/FK
Mahenge and Ssongea Command (Major G. von Grawert)
12/FK
Abt. Ssongea – Oberlt Schulz
4. DAR-ES-SALAAM COMMAND
Commander: Kapt. M. Looff*
Adjutant: Oberlt Angel*
22/FK – Kptlt Jantzen*
1/SchK – Hptm. Bock von Wülfingen
2/SchK – Oberlt Altmann
3/SchK – no commander
Landsturmkompanie Dar-es-Salaam – Oberlt Treuge
Abt. Königsberg – Kptlt Koch*
Maschinengewehrkorps (Machine-gun Company) – Oberlt Weise
Küstenschutzabt. Dar-es-Salaam (Harbour Defences) – Oberlt Herm*
Küstenartillerie (Coast Artillery) – Kptlt Apel*
Artillerieabt. – Vizewachtmeister Beuse
20/FK (Lindi) – Kptlt Hinrichs*
Abt. Delta – Hptm. von Bomsdorff
Abt. Kilwa – Lt Sprockhoff*
Abt. Bagamoyo – Lt Teichs
Abt. Pangani – Lt Günther
5. LINES OF COMMUNICATION – MOROGORO
Commander: Kapt. M. Looff*
Adjutant: Lt T. Brethauer/Hptm. C. Willmann
Tabora: Major von Stuemer
Central Railway
Dodoma – Vizefeldwebel Kränzlin
Morogoro – Oberlt Horn*
Kigoma – Vizewachtmeister Krenkel
Tabora – Oberlt Brandt
Ssingida – Vizewachtmeister Hoffmeister
Kilimatinde – Lt Coltzau*
Total Schutztruppe strength (all districts): sixty companies with ninety-six machine-guns (including seventeen captured from British forces and two from Belgian forces) and forty-nine field guns (including two captured from British forces).
In addition, the following non-combatant establishments had been set up:
Recruitment depots
Tanga district – Kptlt Niemeyer*
Lembeni – Sgt Seubert
Ngulu – Sgt von Zawadsky
Same – Feldwebel Reinhardt
Tabora – Oberstlt Hübener
Principal medical establishments
Generaloberarzt (Surgeon-General): Dr H. Meixner
North-East
Neu Moschi/Alt Moschi – Stabarzt Dr Stolowsky/Stabarzt Dr Marshall/Stabarzt Dr Höring
Mombo – Stabarzt Dr Seyffert (epidemic hospital)/Stabarzt Dr Taute (field laboratory)/Oberapotheker Dörffel (stores)
Wugiri – Oberstabarzt Dr Schörnisch
Korogwe – Stabarzt Dr Müller
Taveta – Stabarzt Dr Wünn
Aruscha – Stabarzt Dr Fickert
Central Railway
Morogoro – Stabarzt Dr Barthels
Dodoma (medical reserve) – Stabsapotheke Dr Schulze
Mpapua – Stabarzt Dr Arning
Tabora – Regierungsarzt Dr Moesta
Kigoma – Regierungsarzt Dr Weitling
Dar-es-Salaam – Oberstabarzt Dr Exner (Government Hospital), Stabarzt Erhart
(Sewa-Hadji Hospital), Stabarzt Dr Manteufel (Epidemic Institute)
West
Muansa – Stabarzt Dr Koch
Bukoba – Regierungsarzt Dr Heidsieck
Ruanda – Stabarzt Dr Wolff
Urundi – Stabarzt Dr Grothusen
German medical ranks and their British equivalents
Oberstabarzt – Colonel in Medical Corps
Stabarzt – Captain in Medical Corps
Oberveterinär – Colonel in Veterinary Corps
Veterinär – Captain in Veterinary Corps
Stabapotheke – Staff pharmacist
(Ober-) Apotheke – Pharmacist
Regierungsarzt – Government doctor (i.e. one who had not taken a military rank)
APPENDIX FOUR
British Forces in East Africa:
Summarised Order of Battle 4 April 1916
1. 1ST EAST AFRICAN DIVISION (MAJ.-GEN. A.R. HOSKINS)
1st East African Infantry Brigade (Brig.-Gen. J.A. Hannyngton)
2nd Loyal North Lancs
2nd Rhodesia Regiment
130th Baluchis
3rd Kashmir Rifles
Composite Battalion
3rd King’s African Rifles
2nd East African Infantry Brigade (Brig.-Gen. S.A. Sheppard)
25th Royal Fusiliers
29th Punjabis
129th Baluchis
40th Pathans
Divisional Troops
17th Indian Cavalry (one squadron)
East African Mounted Rifles
King’s African Rifles Mounted Infantry (one company)
East Africa Pioneer Corps (Mounted Section)
27th Mountain Battery
5th Battery South African Field Artillery
No. 6 Battery (four 12-pdr guns, manned by 2nd Loyal North Lancs)
No. 7 Battery (four 15-pdr guns)
38th Howitzer Brigade (one section – two 5-inch howitzers)
Willoughby’s Armoured Car Battery
2nd Loyal North Lancs Machine-gun Company
2. 2ND EAST AFRICAN DIVISION (MAJ.-GEN. J. VAN DEVENTER)
1st South African Mounted Brigade (Brig.-Gen. M. Botha)
1st SA Horse
2nd SA Horse
3rd SA Horse
8th SA Horse (being formed in South Africa)
3rd South African Infantry Brigade (Brig.-Gen. C. Berrangé)
9th SA Infantry
10th SA Infantry
11th SA Infantry
12th SA Infantry
Divisional Troops
South African Scout Corps
28th Mounted Battery (six 10-pdrs)
2nd Battery South African Field Artillery (four 13-pdrs)
4th Battery South African Field Artillery (four 13-pdrs)
No. 12 Howitzer Battery (two 5-inch howitzers)
East Africa Volunteer Machine-gun Company
No. 4 Light Armoured Car Battery
3. 3RD EAST AFRICAN DIVISION (MAJ.-GEN. C. BRITS)
2nd South African Mounted Brigade, being formed in South Africa (Brig.-Gen. B. Enslin)
5th SA Horse
6th SA Horse
7th SA Horse
9th SA Horse
2nd South African Infantry Brigade (Brig.-Gen. P. Beves)
5th SA Infantry
6th SA Infantry
7th SA Infantry
8th SA Infantry
&nb
sp; Divisional Troops
1st Battery South African Field Artillery (four 13-pdrs)
3rd Battery South African Field Artillery (four 13-pdrs)
38th Howitzer Brigade (one section – two 5-inch howitzers)
No. 8 Battery (six 12-pdrs)
No. 5 Light Armoured Car Battery
4. ARMY TROOPS
4th South African Horse
Belfield’s Scouts
2nd Battalion King’s African Rifles
61st Pioneers (less one company)
SA Pioneer Company (less four sections)
No. 9 Battery (four 12-pdr naval guns)
No. 10 Heavy Battery (three 4-inch naval guns)
No. 11 Heavy Battery (four 4-inch naval guns)
134th Howitzer Battery (four 5.4-inch howitzers)
38th Howitzer Brigade (four 5-inch howitzers)
Trench Mortar Brigade (twelve trench mortars)
No. 10 (Naval) Light Armoured Car Battery
Royal Flying Corps
1 Squadron RNAS
26th Squadron RFC
Kite Balloon Section
South African Motor Cyclist Corps
East African Intelligence Corps
North-West Railway Volunteer Maxim Gun Section
5. LINES OF COMMUNICATION
5th Indian Light Infantry
17th Indian Infantry
61st Pioneers (one company)
63rd Palamcottah Light Infantry
101st Grenadiers
Bharatpur Imperial Service Troops
Jhind Imperial Service Troops
Kapurthala Imperial Service Troops
3rd Gwalior Imperial Service Troops
Rampur Imperial Service Troops
2nd Kashmir Rifles (four companies)
Cape Corps
Arab Rifles (one company)
East African Pioneer Company
6. DETACHED FORCES AND GARRISONS
i) Lake Detachment and Uganda
98th Infantry
4th King’s African Rifles
Baganda Rifles
Nandi Scouts
European Machine-gun Section
ii) Nairobi Defence Force
iii) Mombasa Marine Defence Corps
iv) Zanzibar African Rifles (one company)
v) Mafia African Rifles (one company)
Plus ancillary units – Railway Companies, Telegraph Companies, Engineers, Supply & Transport, Medical, Veterinary, Ordnance etc.
APPENDIX FIVE
British Order of Battle (Main Force), 5 August 1916
1ST DIVISION (MAJ.-GEN. A.R. HOSKINS)
1st East African Brigade (Brig.-Gen. S.A. Sheppard)
29th Punjabis
130th Baluchis
2nd Kashmir Rifles
