by Tim Shorrock
23. Ben Romero made these remarks at an Equity International conference on homeland security in Washington, D.C., on March 3, 2005.
24. “The Private Sector’s Role in Building the Intelligence Community of the 21st Century: Increasing Partnering with Industry to Maintain America’s Edge,” Chesapeake Innovation Center and Equity International Inc., March 2005.
25. Attensity’s products are described on Attensity’s page on the Booz Allen Hamilton DIESCON 3 Web site, https://diescon3.bah.com/main/index.asp?loc=team&sub=1.
26. John Elstner, presentation to Equity International conference on homeland security financing, Washington, D.C., March 3, 2005.
27. Thomas E. Dunn, presentation to investors conference, Washington, D.C., March 1, 2006.
28. Michael Hardy, “Equity Firm Rolls Three into One,” Washington Technology, August 20, 2007.
29. Roger Cressey, at panel discussion, “How Former Public Servants Are Doing Good by Doing Well in Business,” Intelcon conference, Bethesda, Maryland, May 8, 2006.
30. Joan Dempsey’s remarks were printed in the June 2004 issue of Colloquy, the newsletter of the Security Affairs Support Association.
31. Lawrence Korb, telephone interview with author, September 2006.
32. R. J. Hillhouse, e-mail interview with author, February 2007.
33. David Isenberg, interview with author, September 2006.
34. T. Christian Miller, “Private Contractors Outnumber US Troops in Iraq,” Los Angeles Times, July 4, 2007.
35. Scott Shane and Ron Nixon, “In Washington, Contractors Take on Biggest Role Ever,” New York Times, February 7, 2007.
36. Timothy Sample, interview with author, August 2006.
37. Stan Soloway, interview with author, August 2006.
38. Shane and Nixon, “In Washington, Contractors Take on Biggest Role Ever.”
39. Raymond McGovern, interview with author, April 2007.
2. BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON AND “THE SHADOW IC”
1. President Bush made these comments while introducing McConnell as DNI, January 5, 2007, White House transcript.
2. Matt Kelley and Richard Willing, “Nominee Played Big Role in Outsourcing Intelligence,” USA Today, January 4, 2007.
3. Viewed on C-SPAN.
4. According to Hoover’s Company Records, October 24, 2006.
5. Konrad Ege, “Rutgers University: Intelligence Goes to College,” Counterspy, June/August 1984.
6. Allen Nairn, “The Eagle Is Landing,” The Nation, October 3, 1994.
7. Tim Weiner, Legacy of Ashes (New York: Doubleday, 2007), p. 138.
8. According to the official biography of Miles Copeland III, Copeland’s son and the first manager of the Police, posted on the latter’s Web site, http://www.milescopeland.net/content/publish/mc/article_2.shtml.
9. Joan A. Dempsey, “The Limitations of Recent Intelligence Reforms,” paper delivered at a seminar on intelligence, command, and control at the Center for Information Policy Research, Harvard University, September 2006.
10. “US Army Selects Booz Allen–Led Team for Strategic Services Sourcing Program,” Booz Allen Hamilton press release, March 15, 2006.
11. Eric Chabrow, “Security Contractors Have Military and Intelligence Roots,” Information Week, February 25, 2002.
12. Siobhan Gorman, “Bush’s Choice of McConnell Said to Revive ‘Career Model,’” Baltimore Sun, January 6, 2007.
13. “Booz Allen GC Keeps an Eye on the Big Picture,” interview with C. G. Appleby, Booz Allen Hamilton’s chief legal officer, Legal Times, July 31, 2007.
14. Civil Applications Committee Blue Ribbon Study, Independent Study Group Final Report, September 2005, www.fasa.org/irpleprint/cac-report.pdf.
15. “R. James Woolsey Joins Booz Allen as Vice President,” Booz Allen press release, July 15, 2002.
16. Joan Dempsey’s remarks were printed in Colloquy, June 2004.
17. Joan A. Dempsey, “The Limitations of Recent Intelligence Reforms,” paper delivered at Harvard University, September 2006.
18. James Bamford, Body of Secrets: Anatomy of the Ultra-Secret National Security Agency (New York: Doubleday, 2001), p. 552.
19. Stephen F. Hayes, Cheney: The Untold Story of America’s Most Powerful and Controversial Vice President (New York: HarperCollins, 2007), p. 484.
20. Michael Hirsh and Mark Hosenball, “The Next Top Spy,” Newsweek, January 4, 2007.
21. Gorman, “Bush’s Choice of McConnell Said to Revive ‘Career Model.’”
22. Sue Cant, “‘Cyber 9/11’ Risk Warning,” Sydney Morning Herald, April 22, 2003.
23. Lawrence Wright, “The Spymaster,” The New Yorker, January 21, 2008.
24. This was discovered by the Center for Public Integrity from a Booz Allen Hamilton job posting on the Internet. See Elizabeth Brown, “Outsourcing the Defense Budget,” Center for Public Integrity, July 29, 2004. After the job ad was captured by the center, it was removed from the company’s Web site.
25. Booz Allen Hamilton, “Delivering Results That Endure,” pamphlet handed out at Iraq reconstruction conference, 2003.
26. Michael Hirsh and Mark Hosenball, “NSA: Meet the Next Spy Chief,” Newsweek Web “exclusive,” January 4, 2007, www.msnbc.com.
27. Ibid.
28. David Morse, “What Was Behind the Pentagon’s Betting Parlor?,” Common Dreams, August 4, 2003, www.commondreams.org.
29. Eric Lichtblau, “US May Invoke ‘State Secrets’ to Squelch Suit Against Swift,” International Herald Tribune, August 31, 2007.
30. Eric Lichtblau, “Europe Panel Faults Sifting of Bank Data,” New York Times, September 26, 2006.
31. “PI and ACLU Show That SWIFT Auditor Has Extensive Ties to US Government,” memo by the ACLU and Privacy International for the Article 29 Working Party of the European Commission, September 14, 2006.
32. Lichtblau, “Europe Panel Faults Sifting of Bank Data.”
33. Vice President Dick Cheney, text of speech to the Heritage Foundation, January 23, 2008.
34. Mike McConnell spoke at the plenary session of the Intelcon conference in Bethesda, Maryland, May 7, 2006.
35. Hayes, Cheney; see also “The Cheney Imperative,” Wall Street Journal, August 15, 2007.
36. Kelley and Willing, “Nominee Played Big Role in Outsourcing Intelligence.”
37. Hearing of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence: The Nomination of Mike McConnell to be Director of National Intelligence, www.dni.gov/testimonies/20070201=transcript.pdf.
38. “DNI Names New Deputy for Acquisition,” ODNI news release No. 13-07, May 8, 2007.
39. Leonard Moodispaw, interview with author, January 2007.
40. Jason Kello, interview with author, June 2007.
41. Scott Amey, interview with author, February 2007.
3. A SHORT HISTORY OF INTELLIGENCE OUTSOURCING
1. Stan Soloway, interview with author, March 2007.
2. SASA newsletter, Colloquy, 2003.
3. Jeffrey T. Richelson, “US Satellite Imagery, 1960–1999,” National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 13, April 14, 1999.
4. “Declassifying the ‘Fact of’ Satellite Reconnaissance,” National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 231, edited by Jeffrey Richelson, October 1, 2007, http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB231/index.htm#doc32.
5. Robert Baer, interview with author, May 2007.
6. James Mann, Rise of the Vulcans (New York: Viking, 2004), p. 144.
7. Ibid.
8. Steven Emerson, “America’s Doomsday Project,” U.S. News & World Report, August 7, 1989.
9. CNN Special Assignment, transcript, November 17, 1991.
10. Emerson, “America’s Doomsday Project.”
11. Ibid.
12. “ACS Wins $45 Million DoD Command Information Superiority Contract,” Lockheed Martin press release, October 15, 2004.
13. Emerson, “America’s Doomsday Project.”
14. According to Citizens Against Go
vernment Waste, a Washington nonprofit started by J. Peter Grace and syndicated columnist Jack Anderson.
15. Cass Peterson, “Grace Panel Eyes Savings of Billions,” Washington Post, January 13, 1984.
16. Peter Fairman, “Privatization of Federal Government Functions: Reagan, Clinton and the Theory/Action Paradox” (Ph.D. diss., University of Massachusetts, 2001).
17. Ibid.
18. Robert W. Poole, “Ronald Reagan and the Privatization Revolution,” Reason, June 8, 2004.
19. Stan Soloway, interview with author, August 2006.
20. Fairman, “Privatization of Federal Government Functions.”
21. Tim Weiner, “Clinton as Military Leader,” New York Times, October 28, 1996.
22. James Pavitt, “Change and the CIA,” Washington Post, August 6, 2004.
23. Jacques Gansler, interview with author, November 2006.
24. Al Gore, “The Big Squeeze,” Washington Post, September 12, 1993.
25. Spencer S. Hsu, “Death of ‘Big Government’ Alters Region,” Washington Post, September 4, 2000.
26. Fairman, “Privatization of Federal Government Functions.”
27. Ibid.
28. Joshua Wolf Shenk, “The Perils of Privatization,” Washington Monthly, May 1995.
29. Martha M. Hamilton, “Approaching Critical Mass,” Washington Post, January 31, 2000; and “Government to Sell U.S. Enrichment Corporation via Public Offering of Securities,” USEC press release, June 29, 1998.
30. Bill Clinton, My Life (New York: Knopf, 2004), p. 640.
31. Michael R. Gordon, “Campus Activist to Insider: Journey of the CIA Nominee,” New York Times, January 11, 1993.
32. “Journal in Turmoil; At Partisan Review, Intellectuals at War over an Unpublished Article,” Washington Post, February 16, 1987.
33. “Sid Webb Is Back in the Game Again,” Business Week, August 24, 1987.
34. Gordon, “Campus Activist to Insider: Journey of the CIA Nominee.”
35. David Halberstam, War in a Time of Peace (New York: Touchstone, 2001), p. 243.
36. R. Jeffrey Smith, “As Woolsey Struggles, CIA Suffers,” Washington Post, May 10, 1994.
37. “R. James Woolsey: Uncompromising Defender,” Central Intelligence Agency Web site, https://www.cia.gov/csi/books/dci_leaders_us_community_public/chapter_12.htm.
38. Melissa Boyle Mahle, Denial and Deception (New York: Nation Books, 2004), p. 152.
39. Smith, “As Woolsey Struggles, CIA Suffers.”
40. Ibid.
41. Walter Pincus, “Woolsey Resigns from CIA After Troubled Tenure,” Washington Post, December 29, 1994.
42. Robert Burns, “Senate Panel Says Woolsey Acted Weakly,” Associated Press, October 25, 1994.
43. Michael F. Scheuer, “Bad Intelligence: Two New Books on the Evolution of the CIA Help Explain the Agency’s Current Black Eyes,” Washington Post Book World, November 27, 2005.
44. Final report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Outsourcing and Privatization, Office of the Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology, August 1996, http://stinet.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA316936&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf.
45. “Transforming Defense: National Security in the 21st Century,” report of the National Defense Panel, December 1997, http://www.fas.org/man/docs/ndp/front.htm.
46. Brian Friel, “The Business of Defense,” Government Executive, November 11, 1997; and Susanne Schaer, “Gore Endorses Cohen’s Call for Further Military Staff, Base Cuts,” Associated Press, November 10, 1997.
47. Ann Markusen, “The Case Against Privatizing National Security,” Dollars & Sense, May/June 2004.
48. Tim Smart, “He’s the General Who Calls in the Big Guns,” Washington Post, December 15, 1997.
49. Ken Beeks, interview with author, September 2006.
50. “Remarks by the Honorable Jacques S. Gansler, Under Secretary of Defense Acquisition and Technology,” AFCEA International, September 29, 1999. Gansler has written lucidly on the pros and cons of outsourcing. See, for example, “Transforming Government Supply Chain Management,” edited by Gansler and published in 2004 by the IBM Center for the Business of Government.
51. Greg Schneider and Tom Ricks, “Profits in ‘Overused’ Army; Cheney Slams Deployments That Benefit His Former Firm,” Washington Post, September 9, 2000.
52. P. W. Singer, Corporate Warriors: The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2003), p. 145.
53. Schneider and Ricks, “Profits in ‘Overused’ Army; Cheney Slams Deployments That Benefit His Former Firm.”
54. Colonel Herman T. Palmer, “More Tooth, Less Tail: Contractors in Bosnia,” U.S. Army Logistics Management College Web site, www.almc.army.mil.
55. Tim Smart, “Lockheed Team Wins Contract,” Washington Post, February 13, 1999.
56. Stephen Barr, “Federal Union to Represent Big Contractor’s Employees,” Washington Post, February 24, 1997.
57. Ken Silverstein, Private Warriors (New York: Verso, 2000), p. 181.
58. Ibid.
59. Ken Silverstein, “Privatizing War,” The Nation, July 28, 1997.
60. Silverstein, Private Warriors, pp. 166–67.
61. Job posting on IntelligenceCareers.com, http://www.intelligencecareers.com/jobs/jobview.cfm?jobid=272751.
62. “ManTech Telecommunications and Information Systems Corporation Deployments,” company Web page, http://www.mantech.com/mtisc/deployments.asp.
63. Michael Pollick, “Taking the Mystery out of Signals,” Sarasota Herald-Tribune, January 16, 2000; and “Brushing Up the Army’s Mental Agility,” Intelligence Newsletter, September 3, 1998.
64. William D. Golden, interview with author, June 2006.
65. Ibid., April 2007.
66. Jacques Gansler, interview with author, November 2006.
67. Brian Mitchell, “Should America Trust Its Allies? As Friends Sell Arms to Possible Foes, US Gets Nervous,” Investor’s Business Daily, November 24, 1999.
68. Gansler, interview with author, November 2006.
69. “Statement of Principles,” Project for the New American Century, June 3, 1997, www.newamericancentury.org.
70. Richard Haver made these remarks at the Intelcon Conference in Bethesda, Maryland, on May 8, 2006. Tape in possession of the author.
71. Bradley Graham, “Iran, N. Korea Missile Gains Spur Warning,” Washington Post, July 16, 1998; and “Buried Missile Labs Foil US Satellites,” Washington Post, July 29, 1998.
72. James O. Goldsborough, “Missile Report Vastly Misunderstood,” San Diego Union-Tribune, July 27, 1998.
73. William D. Hartung, “Rumsfeld Reconsidered: An Ideologue in Moderate’s Clothing,” Foreign Policy in Focus, policy report, January 2001.
74. Robert Dreyfuss, “Orbit of Influence,” The American Prospect, March/April 1996.
75. “The Ties That Bind: Arms Industry Influence in the Bush Administration and Beyond,” World Policy Institute special report, October 2004, http://www.worldpolicy.org/projects/arms/reports/TiesThatBind.html.
76. David Jeremiah, interview with The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, June 3, 1998.
77. David E. Kaplan, Kevin Whitelaw, and Monica M. Ekman, “Mission Impossible: The inside story of how a band of reformers tried—and failed—to change America’s spy agencies,” U.S. News & World Report, August 2, 2004.
78. George J. Tenet, At the Center of the Storm (New York: HarperCollins, 2007), p. 21.
79. Seymour M. Hersh, “The Intelligence Gap,” The New Yorker, December 6, 1999. This article, a fascinating and prescient look at U.S. intelligence in the years leading up to 9/11, is available on the Web at www.cryptome.com.
80. All my quotes from William Golden are from an interview with author in June 2006.
4. THE CIA AND THE SACRIFICE OF PROFESSIONALISM
1. Randall Mikkelsen, “CIA Inspector’s Report on September 11 Faults Leader,” Reuters, August 21, 2007.
2. Michael Rubin, “Priva
tize the CIA: Our Intelligence Community Could Use More Competition,” The Weekly Standard, February 5, 2007.
3. Greg Miller, “Spy Agencies Outsourcing to Fill Key Jobs,” Los Angeles Times, September 17, 2006.
