by Black Death at the Golden Gate- The Race to Save America from the Bubonic Plague (retail) (epub)
Risse, Guenter B. Plague, Fear, and Politics in San Francisco’s Chinatown. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012.
“Suggestions for City Improvement: Why Chinatown Has Remained Where It Is.” San Francisco News Letter, April 30, 1902. Accessed via the Virtual Museum of San Francisco at http://www.sfmuseum.net/hist9/chinatown.html.
Chase, Marilyn. The Barbary Plague. New York: Random House, 2003.
CHAPTER 12: THE UNPLEASANT PAST
Letters of Rupert Lee Blue. Unpublished. Collection of J. Michael Hughes.
“A Plea for the Slumless City.” Our Day, January 1906.
“The Public Health.” The Medical Times: A Monthly Journal of Medicine, Surgery and the Collateral Sciences 33 (January–December 1905).
Chase, Marilyn. The Barbary Plague. New York: Random House, 2003.
Annual Report of the Supervising Surgeon-General of the Marine-Hospital Service of the United States for the Fiscal Year 1902. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1903.
Risse, Guenter B. Plague, Fear, and Politics in San Francisco’s Chinatown. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012.
Annual Report of the Supervising Surgeon-General of the Marine-Hospital Service of the United States for the Fiscal Year 1905. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1906.
CHAPTER 13: FOR GOD’S SAKE, SEND FOOD
“Enrico Caruso and the 1906 Earthquake.” The Theatre 6, no. 65 (July 1, 1906). Accessed via the Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco at http://www.sfmuseum.net/1906/ew19.html.
“Jack London and the Great Earthquake and Fire.” Accessed via the Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco at http://www.sfmuseum.net/hist5/jlondon.html.
Hansen, Gladys. “A Great Civic Drama.” Accessed via the Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco at http://www.sfmuseum.net/hist/timeline.html.
Annual Report of the Director of the Mint to the Secretary of the Treasury Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1906. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1906. Accessed at https://www.usmint.gov/learn/history/historical-documents/san-francisco-great-earthquake-and-fire.
Miller, Joaquin. “A Fire So Richly Fed.” Oakland Tribune, May 6, 1906. Accessed via the Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco at http://www.sfmuseum.net/1906/ew5.html.
“Little Light for Weeks to Come.” San Francisco Chronicle, April 30, 1906.
Freeman, Frederick (Lt.). “Navy Firefighting Operations.” April 30, 1906. Accessed via the Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco at http://www.sfmuseum.net/1906/usn.html.
“Thomas Chase’s Eyewitness Account at the Ferry Building.” Accessed via the Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco at http://www.sfmuseum.net/1906/ew1.html.
Public Health Reports 21, Part 1, May 11, 1906.
George Torney, telegram to the Surgeon General of the U.S. Army, April 20, 1906. Accessed from the National Archives at https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/sf-earthquake-and-fire/rebirth.html.
Winchester, Simon. A Crack in the Edge of the World: America and the Great California Earthquake of 1906. New York: Harper Perennial, 2005.
“Mr. Bacigalupi’s Own Story.” Edison Phonograph Monthly, May 1906. Accessed via the Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco at http://www.sfmuseum.org/1906/ew16.html.
“The 1906 Earthquake: Eyewitness Accounts.” 100 Years after the San Francisco Quake. NPR, April 11, 2006. Accessed at https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5334623.
Letters of Rupert Lee Blue. Unpublished. Collection of J. Michael Hughes.
Risse, Guenter B. Plague, Fear, and Politics in San Francisco’s Chinatown. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012.
Chase, Marilyn. The Barbary Plague. New York: Random House, 2003.
CHAPTER 14: TWO PERCENT
“When You Go to San Francisco Seek to Relieve Suffering.” Organized Labor, May 5, 1906. Accessed via the Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco at http://www.sfmuseum.net/press/clips19.html.
“Rebuilding San Francisco Following the 1906 Earthquake.” Accessed via the Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco at http://www.sfmuseum.org/1906/rebuild.html.
“Mayor Schmitz Bans Coolie Labor for Reconstruction.” Accessed via the Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco at http://www.sfmuseum.net/1906.2/asiatic.html.
Chase, Marilyn. The Barbary Plague. New York: Random House, 2003.
Rucker, William Colby. “The Relation of the California Ground Squirrel (Citellus Beechyi) to Bubonic Plague.” Bulletin of the Wisconsin Natural History Society 8, no. 3 (July 1910).
“The Ravages of Rats.” San Francisco Chronicle, June 14, 1907.
“Authorities Make Report on the Bubonic Plague.” San Francisco Chronicle, August 16, 1907.
“Closing Out Relief Work.” San Francisco Chronicle, August 20, 1907.
“Editorial.” Pacific Medical Journal 50, no. 10 (October 1907).
“Scout the Idea of an Epidemic.” San Francisco Chronicle, September 14, 1907.
“Small Danger from Alleged Plague.” San Francisco Chronicle, September 21, 1907.
Eradicating Plague from San Francisco. San Francisco Citizen’s Health Committee Report. 1909.
Blue, Rupert. “Anti-Plague Measures in San Francisco, California, U.S.A.” Journal of Hygiene 11, no. 1 (1909).
Blue, Rupert. “The Underlying Principles of Anti-Plague Measures.” California State Journal of Medicine 6, no. 8 (August 1908).
Strother, E. French. “How the Plague Was Driven Out.” California Weekly, April 9, 1909.
“How to Catch Rats.” Marin Journal, March 12, 1908.
Ziv, Stav. “Chronicle Founder Shot Dead in Feud, 1880.” San Francisco Chronicle, April 9, 2012.
Reno, Nilda. “Days Gone By: San Francisco Newspaper History Riddled with Bullets.” Mercury News, October 4, 2010.
Kennedy, Robert C. “On This Day: November 10, 1906.” New York Times. Accessed at http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/harp/1110.html.
Rucker, William Colby. “ ‘Frisco’s Fight with Bubonic Plague.” Technical World, November 1909.
CHAPTER 15: THE WORST CORNER OF HELL
Chase, Marilyn. The Barbary Plague. New York: Random House, 2003.
“Officials Will Confer.” San Francisco Chronicle, November 7, 1907.
“Finds but Two Alleged Cases.” San Francisco Chronicle, February 22, 1908.
Letters of Rupert Lee Blue. Unpublished. Collection of J. Michael Hughes.
Eradicating Plague from San Francisco. San Francisco Citizen’s Health Committee Report. 1909.
“Citizens Urged to War on Rats.” San Francisco Call, January 29, 1908.
“Club Women to Fight the Rats.” San Francisco Chronicle, February 8, 1908.
“Slaughter of Rats Planned.” San Francisco Chronicle, February 12, 1908.
“Street Banquet is Given by Merchants.” San Francisco Chronicle, March 22, 1907.
“Mayor and Party to Visit City Wards.” San Francisco Chronicle, March 26, 1907.
“Public Health up to People.” San Francisco Call, February 8, 1908.
“Greatest Naval Parade Planned.” San Francisco Chronicle, April 7, 1908.
“Fleet Visitors to Throng City.” San Francisco Chronicle, April 10, 1908.
“Plans for the Reception of the Fleet.” San Francisco Chronicle, May 3, 1908.
“Shoots Himself When Grief Is Unbearable.” San Francisco Chronicle, April 17, 1908.
CHAPTER 16: ONE OF CALIFORNIA’S ADOPTED SONS
“The Most Powerful Naval Force Ever Assembled in the Pacific.” San Francisco Chronicle, May 3, 1908.
“Warm Greeting of ‘God’s Own Land.’ ” San Francisco Chronicle, May 7, 1908.
“First Vision of the Atlantic Fleet.” San Francisco Chronicle. May 7, 1908.
“How the Fleet Fared in Frisco.” Pacific Commercial Advertiser, May 30, 1908.
Nolte, Carl. “Great White Fleet Visited San Francisco 100 Years Ago.” San Francisco Chronicle, May 6, 2008
.
Chase, Marilyn. The Barbary Plague. New York: Random House, 2003.
Fox, Carroll. “Identification of Fleas at San Francisco, Cal.” Public Health Reports, September 25, 1908.
Strickland, C. “The Biology of Ceratophyllus fasciatus Bosc, the Common Rat-Flea of Great Britain.” Journal of Hygiene 14, no. 2 (July 1914).
Simpson, W. J. “The Croonian Lectures on Plague, Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians on June 18, 20, 25, and 27.” Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 10, no. 14 (July 15, 1907).
Letters of Rupert Lee Blue. Unpublished. Collection of J. Michael Hughes.
Eradicating Plague from San Francisco. San Francisco Citizen’s Health Committee Report. 1909.
“Brilliant Banquet in Dr. Blue’s Honor.” San Francisco Call, April 1, 1909.
Rucker, William Colby. “The Relation of the California Ground Squirrel (Citellus Beechyi) to Bubonic Plague.” Bulletin of the Wisconsin Natural History Society 8, no. 3 (July 1910).
CHAPTER 17: CAST ASIDE
“Plague-Prevention Work.” Public Health Reports 26, no. 34 (August 25, 1911).
Blue, Rupert. “Squirrel Eradication.” Proceedings of the Fifty-Eighth Fruit Growers’ Convention of the State of California. Sacramento: W. W. Shannon, 1911.
Chase, Marilyn. The Barbary Plague. New York: Random House, 2003.
Letters of Rupert Lee Blue. Unpublished. Collection of J. Michael Hughes.
“Dr. Blue Assured of Wyman’s Job.” San Francisco Call, January 5, 1912.
“Bubonic Plague Still a Menace.” New York Times, April 23, 1910.
“Physicians Approve New Code of Ethics.” New York Times, June 6, 1912.
“Many Savants Join in Hygiene Congress.” New York Times, September 21, 1912.
“Miracles of Modern Sanitary Science for All to See.” New York Times, September 8, 1912.
“Fighting against Plague.” New York Times, June 30, 1914.
“Blue Heads Plague War.” New York Times, July 4, 1914.
“Rat-Proofing American Cities.” New York Times, July 25, 1915.
“Medical Men Face Needs of War.” New York Times, June 5, 1917.
“31 New Influenza Cases in New York.” New York Times, September 21, 1918.
Stobbe, Mike. Surgeon General’s Warning: How Politics Crippled the Nation’s Doctors. Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2014.
Morabia, Alfredo. “Joseph Goldberger’s Research on the Prevention of Pellagra.” Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 101, no. 11 (November 1, 2008).
“Bubonic Plague in New Orleans.” California State Journal of Medicine 12, no. 10 (October 1914).
Campanella, Richard. “The Battle against Bubonic Plague; 100 Years Ago, New Orleans Waged War on Rats.” New Orleans Times-Picayune, August 5, 2014.
“Plague-Eradicative Work.” Public Health Reports, December 25, 1914.
Duffy, John. The Sanitarians: A History of American Public Health. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1992.
Barry, John M. “How the Horrific 1918 Flu Spread across America.” Smithsonian, November 2017.
Barry, John M. The Great Influenza: The Story of the Deadliest Pandemic in History. New York: Viking Penguin, 2004.
CHAPTER 18: A HERO ONCE MORE
Deverell, William. Whitewashed Adobe: The Rise of Los Angeles and the Remaking of Its Mexican Past. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004.
Matsumoto, Valerie J., and Blake Allmendinger. Over the Edge: Remapping the American West. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999.
“No Spread of Disease.” Los Angeles Times, November 7, 1924.
“No New Pneumonic Cases.” Los Angeles Times, November 8, 1924.
Molina, Natalia. Fit to Be Citizens? Public Health and Race in Los Angeles, 1879–1939. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006.
“No New Plague Cases Show Up.” Los Angeles Times, November 9, 1924.
“End Seen in Pneumonic Outbreaks.” Los Angeles Times, November 10, 1924.
“Quarantine for Plague Area Lifted.” Los Angeles Times, November 14, 1924.
“Little Mexico Honors Its Heroine.” Los Angeles Times, November 14, 1924.
“Governor Gratified at End of Plague Menace.” Los Angeles Times, November 16, 1924.
“Rat Clean-up in City Urged.” Los Angeles Times, November 19, 1924.
“Go On with the Rat Killing.” Los Angeles Times, November 22, 1924.
“War Declared against Rats.” Los Angeles Times, November 22, 1924.
“Advertising Tour Planned.” Los Angeles Times, November 27, 1924.
“Rat War Death Toll Is Heavy.” Los Angeles Times, November 30, 1924.
“Early Shopping Food Pages.” Los Angeles Times, May 12, 1925.
“Plan to Ban Rats Lauded.” Los Angeles Times, November 25, 1925.
Davis, Mike. Ecology of Fear: Los Angeles and the Imagination of Disaster. New York: Vintage, 1999.
Rasmussen, Cecilia. “In 1924 Los Angeles, a Scourge from the Middle Ages.” Los Angeles Times, March 5, 2006.
Annual Report of the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service of the United States for the Fiscal Year 1925. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1926.
ILLUSTRATIONS INSERT
Joseph Kinyoun, shortly before he arrived in San Francisco. U.S. National Library of Medicine
Hospital Cove at Angel Island, which became Kinyoun’s plague headquarters. U.S. National Library of Medicine
Chinese immigrants, such as these pictured in an illustration from Harper’s, faced widespread bigotry in San Francisco.
U.S. National Library of Medicine
Fearing what white health authorities would do, residents of Chinatown resorted to hiding their children during the quarantines. National Archives
Men sporting long, braided ponytails known as queues—symbols of loyalty to the Qing dynasty—were common in Chinatown. National Archives
Chinatown’s reputation for foreignness and vice made it a popular tourist destination. Here, white women and men take a daylight tour of the district. National Archives
The hands and legs of a plague victim, displaying the characteristic black splotches that gave the medieval Black Death its name. U.S. National Library of Medicine
Rupert Blue, who twice saved San Francisco from plague. U.S. National Library of Medicine
Health officers at a makeshift laboratory sliced open more than 100,000 rats, looking for signs of plague. U.S. National Library of Medicine
Over 8о percent of San Francisco’s population was left homeless after the 1906 earthquake as apartment buildings and houses sank into the ground. National Archives
Some six billion bricks fell in the 1906 earthquake. For weeks afterward, the city was inundated with scavengers sifting through the rubble. National Archives
The Army erected more than twenty refugee camps in the city following the 1906 earthquake, including these tents set up in Golden Gate Park. National Archives
Residents of Chinatown watch as smoke billows over downtown San Francisco after the 1906 earthquake. National Archives
Rupert Blue (left) and Colby Rucker survey the damage to the city while searching for plague during the 1907 outbreak. U.S. National Library of Medicine
Blue sent health officers into nearly every neighborhood in the city, disinfecting buildings and laying poison for rats. U.S. National Library of Medicine
Under Blue’s command, health officers eradicated more than two million rats in San Francisco. Here, an inspector condemns a backyard shack harboring rodents. U.S. National Library of Medicine
Dr. Colby Rucker (center) made dozens of speeches to groups across San Francisco, spreading the gospel of rat eradication. U.S. National Library of Medicine
Rupert Blue (seated, center) and his corps of health officers who eradicated plague from San Francisco. To his left is Dr. Carroll Fox, who discovered that a quirk in the flea population prevented a wider outbreak. U.S. National Library of M
edicine
INDEX
Page numbers listed correspond to the print edition of this book. You can use your device’s search function to locate particular terms in the text.
Africa, 222
Ah Fong, 7
Ah Kau, 8
Ah Sow, 96
Alaska, 59–60, 140
Alcatraz island, 115, 208
Alpine County, Calif., 219
American Hotel, 171
American Medical Association, 223, 225, 228
Angel Island, 18, 20–21, 43, 48, 54, 81, 92, 93, 94, 96, 103, 110, 115, 117, 123–24, 127, 183, 203, 214, 245
proposed tent city on, 76
quarantine station on, 12–13
Ann, Law, 64
anthropology, 35
antibiotics, 52
A. P. Hotaling warehouse, 175
Argonauts, 28–29, 30
Arizona, 246
Army, U.S., 175, 176, 179, 192, 210, 229, 230
Atlantic, 120
Austria-Hungary, 225
Avila Adobe, 235
Bacigalupi and Sons, 173
bacteria, 16, 17
bacteriology, 15–16, 19, 48, 57, 85–86
mistrust of, 98–99
Baltimore, Md., 121
Bancroft, Hubert, 36
Bank of California, 213
Barbary Coast, 209
Barbat, William, 22, 23
Barker, Lewellys, 102–11
Barnett, John, 34
Bei Keng, 38
Bellevue Hospital, 15–16
Berkeley, Calif., 148, 179, 220, 246
Biltmore Hotel, 238
Black Death, 4, 138
Blue, Annie Maria Evans, 118–19, 121, 124, 212
Blue, Henriette, 243
Blue, John Gilchrist, 118–19, 121
Blue, Juliette Downs, 123, 124–25, 126–27, 130, 131, 132, 142, 153
Blue, Kate Lilly, 119, 121, 122, 124, 153, 168, 202, 204, 212, 233, 243, 245
