Desolles (Independent Reserve Division)
Saligny (King of Spain’s Guards)
_______
TOTAL:
13,000 (detachments, etc. uncertain)
_______
III. L
EFT
F
LANK
THIRD CORPS
Marshal Moncey, Duke of Conegliano Mathieu (1st Division)
Musnier (2nd Division)
Morlot (3rd Division)
Grandjean (4th Division)
Wathiez (Light Cavalry)
_______
TOTAL:
37,690 (less 18,600 sick or detached)
_______
IV.
RESERVE
C
ORPS
FIFTH CORPS
Marshal Mortier, Duke of Treviso Suchet (1st Division)
Gazan (2nd Division)
Delaage (Light Cavalry)
_______
TOTAL:
24,552 (less 2,100 sick or detached)
_______
EIGHTH CORPS
(formerly the Army of Portugal; dissolved December 1808) General Junot, Duke of Abrantes Delaborde (Ist Division) joined to Soult
Loison (2nd Division) part to Soult and Lefebvre
Heudelet (3rd Division) joined to Soult
Light Cavalry consisting of provisional regiments
_______
TOTAL:
25,730 (less 5,700 sick or detached)
_______
Totals relate to state of 10 October (gross strengths); the Reserve Corps, however, only reached Spain in November and December.
Figures in brackets below totals relate to January 1809 gross corps strengths after reinforcements.
I. R
IGHT
F
LANK
Information drawn mainly from Sir C. Oman, History of the Peninsular War, Oxford, 1902. Vol. I. Appx. 12, pp. 640-45.
F. THE FORMATIONS OF THE REFORMED GRANDE ARMÉE ON MARCH 30, 1809
Unit Commander Line Divisions Attached Light Cavalry Strength (approx.)
Escort for Army Staff 5 battalions (various) 100 gendarmes d’élite 5,000
Second Corps Victor or Bernadotte (in fact at first Oudinot) Claparéde (1st), Tharreau (2nd) (both under Oudinot) St. Hilaire (3rd) Colbert’s brigade. Also attached: d’Espagne’s cuirassier division 14,000
Third Corps Davout Morand (1st), Friant (2nd), Godwin (3rd), Demont (4th), Rouyer’s German division Jacquinot’s brigade. Also attached: St. Sulpice’s cuirassier division 45,000
Fourth Corps Massena Legrand (1st), Carra St. Cyr (2nd), Molitor (3rd), Boudet (4th) Marulaz’s division of light cavalry 40,000
Reserve Cavalry Bessiéres Montbrun’s light cavalry division; Beaumont’s dragoon division; one division of heavy cavalry and one division of cuirassiers (initially unnominated—eventually Nansouty) 29,000
Bavarian Corps (Seventh) Lefebvre Deroi (1st), Wrede (2nd), Sieben (3rd) Zandt’s, Praysing’s and Seydwitz’s light cavalry brigades 30,000
TOTAL
(after arrival of the Guard): 170,500, eventually rising to over 200,000 men by early July. (Gross strengths.)
N.B.—The Imperial Guard (6,000 infantry and 1,500 cavalry) and several further corps joined the army at later dates. This Order of Battle is given in the Cormpoiidance, Vol. XVIII, No. 14975, pp. 413-16. The strengths given should be treated with caution, not being included in original source.
G. ORGANIZATION OF LA GRANDE ARMéE FOR THE CAMPAIGN OF 1812
H. ORGANIZATION OF L’ ARMÉE DU NORD FOR THE CAMPAIGN OF 1815
A. Grand General Staff
The Emperor Napoleon I
General Staff:
Chief of Staff: Marshal Soult, Duke of Dalmatia
Commanding the Cavalry: Marshal Grouchy (later given command of the right wing)
Commanding the Artillery: Gen. Ruty
Commanding the Engineers: Gen. Baron Rogniat
Intendant General: Intendant General Daru
Waggon-Master: Major Coignet
Personal Staff:
Grandmaster of the Palace: Gen. Bertrand
Aides-de-Camp: Generals Lebrun, Drouot, Corbineau, de la Billarderie, Dejean, and de la Bedoyère
Orderly Officers: Baron Gourgaud and 13 assistants
Secretaries, Pages, etc.: 21 (including “spare” generals, Gudin, Cambacères and Roguet)
Imperial War Cabinet: Maret, Duke of Bassano; 1st Secretary: Baron Fain
Librarian and Historian: Baron Yvon
Officers, orderlies, escort to the staff, etc.
TOTAL: 553 (including 79 officers)
B. Formations of the Right Wing
Commander in Chief: Marshal Grouchy
Formation Commander Divisional Generals Artillery Strength
THIRD CORPS
Gen. Count Vandamme Lefol (8th Division) 15,000 Infantry
Habert (10th Division) 1,000 Cavalry
Berthézène (11th Division) 1,000 Gunners
Domon (3rd Cavalry Division) 150 Sappers
Doguereau (Corps Artillery) 38 guns
_______
TOTAL: 17, 150
_______
FOURTH CORPS
Gen. Count Pécheau (12th Division) 12,900 Infantry
Gérard Vichéry (13th Division) 1,600 Cavalry
Bourmont (14th Division)* 1,000 Gunners
Maurin (7th Cavalry Division) 200 Sappers
Baltus (Corps Artillery) 38 guns
*Replaced by Hulot
_______
TOTAL: 15,700
_______
ATTACHED CAVALRY CORPS: Varied considerably, see under “Cavalry Reserve”
C. Formations of the Left Wing
Commander in Chief: Marshal Ney, Prince of the Moscowa
Formation Commander Divisional Generals Artillery Strength
FIRST CORPS
Gen. Drouet, Count d’Erlon Allix (1st Division) 17,700 Infantry
Donzelot (2nd Division) 1,800 Cavalry
Marcognet (3rd Division) 1,100 Gunners
Durutte (4th Division) 350 Sappers
Jacquinot (1st Cavalry Division)
Desales (Corps Artillery) 46 guns
_______
TOTAL: 20,950
_______
SECOND CORPS
Gen. Count Reille Bachelu (5th Division) 21,800 Infantry
Jérôme (6th Division) 1,800 Cavalry
Girard (7th Division) 1,100 Gunners
Foy (9th Division) 400 Sappers
Piré (2nd Cavalry Division)
Pelletier (Corps Artillery) 46 guns
_______
TOTAL:
25,100
_______
ATTACHED CAVALRY CORPS: Varied considerably, see under “Cavalry Reserve”
D. Formations of the Reserve
Commander in Chief: The Emperor Napoleon I
Formation Commander Divisional Generals Artillery Strength
IMPERIAL GUARD
Marshal Mortier Friant (Old Guard) 12,600 Infantry
Deputy: Gen. Drouot Morand (Middle Guard) 4,000 Cavalry
Duhesme (Young Guard) 3,000 Gunners
Lefebvre-Desnouettes (Light Cavalry) 678 Sappers
Guyot (Heavy Cavalry)
St. Maurice (Guard Artillery) 118 guns
_______
TOTAL: 20,278
_______
SIXTH CORPS
Gen. Mouton, Count of Lobau Simmer (19th Division) 9,400 Infantry
Jannin (20th Division) Nil Cavalry
Teste (21st Division) 700 Gunners
Noury (Corps Artillery) 32 guns 200 Sappers
No Corps Cavalry
_______
TOTAL: 10,300
_______
T
HE R
ESERVE C
AVALRY
Commander in Chief: Marshal Grouchy
Formation Commander Divisional Generals Artillery Strength
&nbs
p; FIRST CAVALRY CORPS
Gen. Count Pajol Soult (4th Cavalry Division) 2,800 Cavalry
300 Gunners
Subervie (5th Cavalry Division)
Corps Artillery 12 guns
_______
TOTAL: 3,100
_______
SECOND CAVALRY CORPS
Gen. Count Exelmans Stroltz (9th Cavalry Division) 3,000 Cavalry
290 Gunners
Chastel (10th Cavalry Division)
Corps Artillery 12 guns
_______
TOTAL: 3,290
_______
THIRD CAVALRY CORPS
Gen. Kellermann, Count of Valmy I’Heritier (11th Cavalry Division) 3,400 Cavalry
300 Gunners
d’Urbal (12th Cavalry Division)
Corps Artillery 12 guns
_______
TOTAL: 3,700
_______
FOURTH CAVALRY CORPS
Gen. Count Milhaud St. Alphonse (13th Cavalry Division) 2,700 Cavalry
Delort (14th Cavalry Division)
Corps Artillery 12 guns
_______
TOTAL: 3,000
_______
GRAND TOTALS:
89,000 Infantry; 22,100 Cavalry; 9,090 Gunners; 1,978 Sappers; 553 Staff etc.
or 122,721 (366 guns)
_______
Basic information mainly drawn from the Correspondance, Vol. XXVIII, No.21747, pp. 55-57.
C.f.—Wellington’s Allied Army: Gross total 110,000 (222 guns)
Blücher’s Prussian Army: Gross total 117,000 (296 guns)
I.Summary of Selected Battles
J. THE IMPERIAL NOBILITY
The lists that follow are by no means exhaustive, but relate principally to those members of the Imperial nobility who have figured more or less prominently in this book.
I. T
HE B
ONAPARTE F
AMILY
Napoleon I (August 15, 1769-May 5, 1821). First Consul of the Republic, November 9, 1799. Consul for Life, August 2, 1802. Emperor of the French, proclaimed May 18, 1804; crowned December 2, 1804. King of Italy, proclaimed March 18, 1805; crowned May 26, 1805.
Napoleon II, Francis-Charles-Joseph (March 20, 1811-July 22, 1832). King of Rome, 1811. Duke of Reichstadt, 1817.
Bonaparte, Jérôme (November 19, 1784-June 24, 1860). Prince of France, 1804. King of Westphalia, 1807-1813.
Bonaparte, Joseph (January 7, 1768-July 28, 1844). First Prince of the Blood, 1804. King of Naples, 1806. King of Spain, 1808-1813.
Bonaparte, Louis (September 5, 1778-July 25, 1846). King of Holland, 1806-1810.
Bonaparte, Lucien (May 21, 1775-June 29, 1840). Prince of Canino, 1807.
Beauharnais, Eugene de (September 3, 1781-February 21, 1824). Prince, 1805. Viceroy of Italy, 1806-1814. Duke of Leuchtenberg, 1814.
Murat, Joachim (March 25, 1767-October 13, 1815). Grand Duke of Clèves and Berg, 1806. King of Naples, 1808-1815. First served: February 23, 1787 (trooper); Marshal, May 19, 1804.
“Les Grandes Dames”
Beauharnais, Josephine de (1763-1814). Empress, 1804-1810.
Marie-Louise, of Austria (1791-1847). Empress, 1810-1815.
Bonaparte, Caroline (1782-1839). Grand Duchess of Berg and of Clèves, 1806. Queen of Naples, 1808.
Bonaparte, Élisa (1777-1820). Princess of Lucca. Grand Duchess of Tuscany, 1808.
Bonaparte, Marie-Letizia (1750-1836). Madame Mère and Dowager Empress, 1804.
Bonaparte, Pauline (1780-1825). Duchess of Guastalla and Princess Borghèse, 1803.
Beauharnais, Hortense de (1783-1837). Queen of Holland, 1806.
II. P
RINCES OF THE E
MPIRE
Bernadotte, Jean B. J. de (January 26, 1763-March 8, 1844). Prince of Ponte-Corvo, 1805.
Crown Prince of Sweden, 1810. King of Sweden, 1818.
First military service: September 3, 1780 (enlisted as private soldier).
Appointed Marshal of the Empire: May 19, 1804.
Berthier, Louis-Alexandre (November 20, 1753-June 1, 1815). Prince of Neuchâtel, 1806.
Prince of Wagram, 1809.
First military service: January 1, 1766 (geographical engineer).
Appointed Marshal of the Empire: May 19, 1804.
Davout, Louis-Nicolas (May 10, 1770-June 1, 1823). Duke of Auerstadt, 1808. Prince of Eckmühl, 1809.
First military service: September 29, 1785 (cadet at l’École Militaire).
Appointed Marshal of the Empire: May 19, 1804.
Massena, André (May 6, 1758-April 4, 1817). Duke of Rivoli, 1808. Prince of Essling, 1810.
First military service: August 18, 1775 (enlisted as private soldier).
Appointed Marshal of the Empire: May 19, 1804.
Ney, Michel (January 10, 1769-December 7, 1815). Duke of Elchingen, 1808. Prince of the Moskowa, 1813.
First military service: February 12, 1787 (enlisted as cavalry trooper).
Appointed Marshal of the Empire: May 19, 1804.
Poniatowski, Joseph A. (May 7, 1763-October 19, 1813). Polish prince.
First military service: 1778 (as an officer in the Austrian Army).
Appointed Marshal of the Empire: October 18, 1813.
Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles-Maurice (February 12, 1754-May 17, 1838). Bishop of Autun, 1789. Prince of Benevento, 1806.
Special posts: Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1797-1807; Grand Chamberlain of the Empire, 1804.
III. D
UKES
Augereau, Charles-Pierre-François (October 21, 1757-June 12, 1816). Duke of Castiglione, 1808.
First military service: 1774 (enlisted as private soldier).
Appointed Marshal of the Empire: May 19, 1804.
Bessières, Jean-Baptiste (August 6, 1768-May 1, 1813). Duke of Istria, 1809.
First military service: April 7, 1792 (enlisted as cavalry trooper).
Appointed Marshal of the Empire: May 19, 1804.
Cambacérès, Jean-Jacques (October 18, 1753-March 8, 1824). Duke of Parma, 1808.
Special posts: Minister of Justice, 1799; Arch-Chancellor of the Empire, 1804; President of the Senate.
Caulaincourt, Armand-Augustin-Louis (December 9, 1773-February 19, 1827). Duke of Vicenza, 1808.
First military service: December 8, 1788 (enlisted as cavalry trooper).
Highest military rank: General of division, 1805.
Special posts: Grand Equerry, 1804; Foreign Minister, 1813.
Clarke, Henri-Jacques-Guillaume (October 17, 1765-October 28, 1818). Duke of Feltre, 1809.
First military service: September 17, 1781 (cadet at l’École Militaire).
Highest military rank: General of Brigade, 1793 (later Marshal of France, 1816).
Special posts: Diplomatic Envoy; Minister of War, 1807-1814.
Duroc, Géraud-Christophe-Michel (October 25, 1772-May 23, 1813). Duke of Frioul, 1808.
First military service: February 1789 (cadet at Metz).
Highest military rank: General of division, 1803.
Special posts: Grand Marshal (or Lord High Steward) of the Empire, 1804.
Fouché, Joseph (May 21, 1759-December 25, 1820). Duke of Otranto, 1808.
Special posts: Diplomatic Appointments and Minister of Police, 1804-1810.
Gaudin, Martin-Michel-Charles (1756-1841). Duke of Gaèta, 1809.
Special post: Minister of Finance, 1799-1814.
Junot, Andoche (September 25, 1771-July 29, 1813). Duke of Abrantès, 1808.
First military service: September 1, 1791 (enlisted as volunteer).
Highest military rank: General of division, 1803.
Kellermann, François-Étienne-Christophe (May 28, 1735-September 13, 1820). Duke of Valmy, 1808.
First military service: 1752 (gentleman-cadet).
Appointed Marshal of the Empire: May 19, 1804.
Lannes, Jean (April 10, 1769-May 31, 1809). Duke of Montebello, 1808.
First military service: June 20, 1792 (2nd
-Lieutenant of infantry).
Appointed Marshal of the Empire: May 19, 1804.
Lefebvre, François-Joseph (October 25, 1755-September 14, 1820). Duke of Danzig, 1807.
First military service: September 10, 1773 (enlisted as private soldier).
Appointed Marshal of the Empire: May 19, 1804.
MacDonald, Ètienne-Jacques-Joseph-Alexandre (November 17, 1765-September 25, 1840).
Duke of Tarentum, 1809.
First military service: 1784 (Irish Legion).
Appointed Marshal of the Empire: July 12, 1809.
Maret, Hughes-Bernard (1763-1839). Duke of Bassano, 1809.
Special posts: Diplomatic Appointments; Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1811-1813.
Marmont, Auguste-Frédéric-Louis-Viesse de (July 20, 1774-March 3, 1852). Duke of Ragusa, 1808.
First military service: July 6, 1790 (Artillery 2nd Lieutenant).
Marshal of the Empire: July 12, 1809.
Moncey (Jeannot de Moncey), Bon-Adrien (July 31, 1754-April 20, 1842). Duke of Conegliano, 1808.
First military service: September 15, 1769 (enlisted as volunteer).
Appointed Marshal of the Empire: May 19, 1804.
Mortier, Adolphe-Èdouard-Casimir-Joseph (February 13, 1768-July 28, 1835). Duke of Treviso, 1808.
First military service: September 1, 1791 (elected captain of infantry).
Appointed Marshal of the Empire: May 19, 1804.
Oudinot, Nicolas-Charles (April 25, 1767-September 13, 1847). Duke of Reggio, 1810.
First military service: June 2, 1784 (enlisted as private soldier).
Appointed Marshal of the Empire: July 12, 1809.
Savary, Anne-Jean-Marie-René (April 26, 1774-June 2, 1833). Duke of Rovigo, 1808.
First military service: 1790 (enlisted as volunteer).
Highest military rank: General of division, 1805.
Special post: Minister of Police, 1810-1814.
Soult, Nicilas-Jean de Dieu (March 29, 1769-November 26, 1851). Duke of Dalmatia, 1808.
First military service: April 16, 1785 (enlisted as private soldier).
The Campaigns of Napoleon Page 135
