INDEX A: PERSONS
Abercromby, Sir Ralph, British general, 43; commands in Egypt, 103
Adam, Frederick, British major-general, 1089
Addington, Henry, Viscount Sidmouth, English premier, 303; and Treaty of Amiens, 303; declares war on France, 321
Alexander the Great, Macedonian general: Napoleon’s admiration for, 138
Alexander I, Tsar of Russia: character, 327; attitudes to Napoleon, 328, 513, 589, 623, 746, 814; Malta and, 216, 328; Grand Master of the Order of St. John, 328; attitude to the Enghien affair, 328; relations with Austria, 383, 668, 899; relations with England, 330, 331, 586, 588, 594, 624, 749; relations with France, 448, 739-46; growing friction with, 740, 742, 744, 745; relations with Prussia, 403, 510, 589, 624, 872; relations with Turkey, 328, 588; hunger for Constantinople, 624, 740; ambitions in the principalities, 527, 624, 740; attitude after Austerlitz, 448; attitude after Friedland, 583; and Tilsit, 586, 587, 588, 589; and Poland, 742, 745; attitude toward Spanish Bourbons, 588; secret detente with Austria, 664, 668; attitude to the Continental System, 623, 742, 854; at Conference of Erfurt, 622-25, 742; relationship with Talleyrand, 624, 742, 1000; relationship with Russian generals, 750, 886, 897, 901; relationship with Frederick William III of Prussia, 403, 510, 947; relationship with Bernadotte of Sweden, 745; attitude to proposed marriage of sister to Napoleon, 744; the Oldenburg affair, 745, 748; attitudes toward prospect of war with France (1812), 746, 765; strategies of, 764-65, 816, 859; appeals to Russian patriotism, 793; replaces Barclay with Kutusov, 794; effect of Borodino upon, 813; effect of burning of Moscow upon, 813; refuses to consider an armistice, 814, 816; turns back French envoys, 814; plan for destroying la Grande Armée, 833; thwarted, 834; and the liberation of Germany, 873, 880, 886, 897; and negotiations with France, 890, 898; relationship with Bennigsen, 880; and the Allies, 888, 897; at Lutzen, 886; at Bautzen, 893; and the armistice, 898, 899; at Dresden, 907, 911; at Leipzig, 911, 924; and the invasion of France, 947, 966; attitude to the Chatillon negotiations, 948, 964; conference of Pougy, 999; enjoins bold policy, 981; recants, 998; enters Paris, 1001; hardened attitude toward Napoleon, 1001; at Conference of Vienna, 1003; joins Seventh Coalition, 1014; otherwise mentioned, 408, 411, 922; picture of, 741
Alvintzi, Joseph, Austrian general: background, 45; takes command at Trent, 101; first attempt to relieve Mantua, 102-13; at battle of Caldiero, 103; at battle of Arcola, 105-11; retreats, 112; second attempt to reach Mantua, 113-21; plan, 114; at battle of Rivoli, 118-20; routed by Joubert, 120; retreats into Tyrol, 121; picture of, 72
Andréossy, A. F., French general, 70
Anna, Russian grand duchess, 744
Arcon, J. C. E. le M. d’, French strategist, 25
Argenteau, de, Austrian general, 62; defeated at Dego and Montenotte, 66, 71, 73
Auersperg, Count, Austrian general: commands rearguard at Vienna, 407
Augereau, P. F. C, French marshal, Duke of Castiglione: biographical sketch, see Appendix; origins of, 55; meets Napoleon for first time, 54; character of, 55, 542; before Lodi, 80; at battle of Lodi, 83; at battle of Castiglione, 94, 95, 194; at Verona, 103, at Legnano, 114; at battle of Arcola, 106-12; at battle of Dolce, 112; and the Rivoli campaign, 114, 120; sent back to Paris, 206; commands Army of Germany, 207; Jacobin sympathies of, 259; made a marshal, 312; made Duke of Castiglione, 312; in Austerlitz campaign, 402, 403; in Jena campaign, 462, 468, 472, 474; at battle of Jena, 481, 484; the pursuit, 500; in Poland (1806-1807), 514, 524, 530; at battle of Eylau, 536; 538; destruction of Vllth Corps, 541-42, 554; sick, 560; in reserve during Russian campaign, 755, 816; in campaign of 1813, 929, 935; at battle of Leipzig, 923, 928; in campaign of 1814, 949, 965, 977, 983; refuses to move from Lyons, 981, 992; growing disenchantment with Napoleon, 999; picture, 434-35
Bacler d’Albe, Baron L. A. C., French general, geographer, 371
Baggavout, Russian general, 800
Bagration, Prince Peter, Russian general: during Austerlitz campaign, 408; at Austerlitz, 418, 426; retreats, 432; during Polish campaign, 519,
531, 566; at battle of Fried-land, 573; during the Russian campaign, 752, 764, 770, 776, 782, 785; friction with Barclay, 752, 783; at battle of Smolensk, 788; at battle of Borodino, 796, 801; killed, 801; mentioned, 856, 859
Baird, Sir David, English general, 628; in Egypt, 648, 656
Barbe-Marbois, F., French finance minister, 448
Barras, Paul, member of the Directory: relations with Napoleon, 39; and Josephine Beau-harnais, 55-56; at siege of Toulon, 21, 23, 25; and Ven-démiaire, 39, 40; character of, 254; part in Brumaire and resignation, 260
Bayalitsch, Austrian general, 115
Beauharnais, Eugène de, see Eugène, Viceroy of Italy
Beauharnais, Josephine de, see Josephine, Empress
Beauharnais, Hortense de, see Hortense
Beaulieu, J. P., Austrian general: age and character of, 45; appointed to command in Italy, 62; attacks at Voltri, 64; falls back to Acqui, 73; escapes Napoleon’s trap, 77, 80; outflanked at Borghetto, 86; retreats to the Mincio, 86; violates Venetian neutrality, 86; retires to Trent, 87; superseded by Würmser, 93; picture, 72
Bedoyère, C. de la, French general, 1043, 1050
Belliard, Count A. D., French general, 230; in Egypt, 230; surrenders Cairo, 303
“Bellitote,” see Fourés, Pauline
Belvedere, Count, Austrian general and diplomat, 634
Bennigsen, Baron Levin, Russian general: character of, 519; during campaign in Poland, 513, 518, 524, 528; succeeds Kamenskoi, 529, 531, 534; at battle of Eylau, 535-48; during renewed Polish campaign, 565, 569; plan, 571; at battle of Friedland, 572-83; during campign of 1812, 752, 785-86; in command of Russian Army of Poland in Germany, 901, 916; at Leipzig, 933-35; mentioned, 331, 382, 403, 918
Bernadotte, Jean-Baptiste, Prince of Ponte-Corvo, French marshal: biographical sketch, see Appendix; character of, 497, 733; married to Desirée Clary, 496; first serves under Napoleon, 122-23; almost lynched at Vienna, 213; Jacobin leanings of, 259; made a marshal, 312; during campaign of 1805, 392, 407, 410, 416; at Austerlitz, 428, 431; during campaign of 1806, 462, 467, 472, 475, 478; misconduct of, during Jena-Auerstadt, 489, 491, 496; almost court-martialed, 496; relations with Davout, 497; relations with Napoleon, 496, 504; heads pursuit after Jena, 501; first contact with Swedes, 501, 502; during campaign of Poland, 521, 524, 526; attacked in winter quarters, 528; misses battle of Eylau, 531, 550, 553; during renewed Polish campaign, 551; wounded, 565; operations near Denmark, 549; loses La Romana’s Spanish corps to R. N., 611; and campaign of 1809, 669, 671, 695, 707, 717; misconduct at battle of Wagram, 719, 723; dismissed from command, 724, 734; intrigues with Fouché, 747; and Walcheren Crisis, 736; becomes crown prince of Sweden, 745; Napoleon’s attitude to this, 745; neutrality of, in 1812, 748; and Swedish Pomerania, 748, 874; joins Allies, 874; conduct during campaign of 1813, 900, 916, 919; at battle of Leipzig, 933, 934; attitude during campaign of France, 947, 948, 983; mentioned, 450, 505, 734; picture, 434
Bernhard, Dutch prince, 1031, 1065
Berthier, Louis Alexandre, Prince of Neuchâtel and of Wagram, French marshal and chief of staff: biographical sketch, see Appendix; character, 205; description, 369; serves in Italy, 54, 70; characteristics of, as a staff officer, 56, 134, 368, 372, 756; incapacity for chief commands, 86, 287, 466, 670, 673, 678, 731; impressions of own position, 134, 375, 376; in fighting at Fombio, 80; at Lodi, 83; in Egypt and Syria, 205, 231; returns to France with Napoleon, 244; part in Brumaire, 260; appointed Minister of War, 263; exchanges for the Army of the Reserve, 265; depression of, 275, 277; preparations for crossing Alps, 275; general-in-chief, 265, 267, 280; and the Marengo campaign, 284, 289; poor maps of, 287; made a marshal, 335, 433; made Prince of Neuchâtel, 446; passion for Mme. Visconti, 205; during campaign of 1806, 466, 472, 496; during campaign of 1806-1807, in Poland, 531, 567; his staff organization, 372; his intimates, 373; Master of the Hounds, 369; Napoleon’s shooting accident, 593; during campaign of 1808, 648; general-in
-chief on the Danube, 670; links with Strasbourg and Paris, 671; serious errors of, 678, 679; alarm of, 679; hands over to Napoleon, 680; during remainder of campaign of 1809, 698, 732; during campaign of 1812, 756; holds review of the staff at Smolensk, 368; during the retreat from Moscow, 850; conference at Maloyaroslavets, 822; left behind at Smorgoni, 849; during campaign of 1813, 878, 915, 918; illness of, 946; during campaign of 1814, 951, 979; interview with Metter-nich, 900; growing war weariness and depression of, 1000; death of, June 1815, 1021; Napoleon’s opinion of, 376; mentioned, 452, 460, 732; picture, 434
Berthollet, C. L., French scientist, 213; in Egypt, 228; returns to France, 244
Bertrand, Count H. G., French general of engineers, 385; early military experiences of, 385, 484; chief engineer in 1809, 697, 698, 716; in campaigns of 1813, 867, 874, 891, 894; at Lutzen, 884, 886; at Bautzer, 891, 894; at Leipzig, 926, 928, 932, 933, 934; travels with Napoleon from Elba, 1011
Bessières, J. B., Duke of Istria, French marshal: biographical sketch, see Appendix; commands Guides in Italy, 87; commander of Imperial Guard, 325; made marshal, 434; at battle of Austerlitz, 430; in campaign of 1806-1807, 514, 520; at battle of Eylau, 544; supports invasion of Spain, 605; during campaign of 1808, 612, 629, 634; wins battle of Rio de Medina Seco, 615; Napoleon’s anger with, 634; during campaign of 1809, 699; at battle of As-pern-Essling, 702; at battle of Wagram, 725; commands Young Guards, 754; killed in action (1813), 881; Napoleon’s sense of loss, 881; picture, 434
Béthencourt, A. de, French general, 276; crosses the Alps, 281
Bianchi, Austrian general, 910, 911, 930, 978
Blaise, Corporal Jean-Pierre, 392, 503; describes Davout’s march to Austerlitz, 421
Blake, Spanish general and Irish adventurer, 625; captain-general of Galicia, 626; defeated at Rio de Medina Seco, 615; retreats to Valmaceda, 632; defeated at Espinosa, 634; escapes with some of his army, 63 4, 635; joins La Romana, 635
Blücher, G. L. von, Prussian marshal and prince: member of Prussian war faction, 455; character, 1058, 1063, 1068, 1093; hatred for Napoleon, 873; during campaign of 1806, 456; part played at Auerstadt, 490, 495; headlong retreat of, 501; surrender of, 501; in command of Army of Silesia, 1813, 870, 901; during campaign of 1813, 873, 874, 880, 903, 916; at battle of Lutzen, 882, 886; at battle of Bautzen, 895, 896, 897; and allied strategy of evasion, 904; breaks the armistice, 900; after battle of Dresden, 910; calls Napoleon’s bluff, 918; operations with Bernadotte prior to Leipzig, 918-19; at battle of Leipzig, 922, 924, 928, 931, 933; pursuit of the French army, 937; implacable foe of Napoleon, 947; commands Army of Silesia, 958; nearly captured at battle of Brienne, 959; at battle of La Rothière, 962, 965; further movements, 965, 966, 968; defeat of his detachments at Montmirail, Vauchamps, and Champaubert, 969, 973, 975; escapes over Marne, 973; battle of Chateau Thierry, 974; further movements, 974, 976, 981, 983; heads for Paris, 984, 985; defeated at Craonne, 987-88; holds Napoleon at Laon, 988-91; moves to join Schwarzenberg, 999; heads for Paris, 996, 999; in command of Prussian army, 1815, 1015, 1017; liaison with Wellington, 1015, 1027, 1032, 1060; orders concentration at Sombreffe, 1027; masses at Ligny, 1035, 1038, 1039; Wellington visits him, 1039; at battle of Ligny, 1044, 1045; ridden over but escapes, 1046; resumes command, 1058; rejects Gneisnau’s advice, 1058, 1068; sets out for Mont. St. Jean, 1063, 1068; nickname, 1068; his rashness, 982, 1034; his loyalty to his allies, 1068, 1069, 1093; pursues l’ Armée du Nord, 1090, 1094; detachments routed by French, 1095; picture, 871
Bon, L. A., French general, 213; commands division in Egypt, 212, 213, 219, 220; at battle of Pyramids, 226; during Syrian campaign, 235; mortally wounded at Acre, 240
Bonaparte, Carlo (Napoleon’s father): poetic leanings, 5; relationship with Paoli, 5; death, 8; mentioned, 319
Bonaparte, Caroline, Grand-Duchess of Berg, Queen of Naples: biographical sketch, see Appendix; Napoleon’s feelings for, 5; marries Murat, 263; social ambitions, 446, 450; accused of treachery in 1814, 966; Napoleon’s rage at, 950
Bonaparte, Elisa, Duchess of Lucca, 6; biographical sketch, see Appendix; ambitions, 450, 598; disliked by Napoleon, 6; mentioned, 598
Bonaparte, Jérome, King of Westphalia: biographical sketch, see Appendix; birth of, 5; marriage to Elizabeth Patterson and Napoleon’s disapproval, 450, 595; second marriage to Catherine of Wurttemberg, 450; in Polish campaign, 513, 514, 559; crowned King of Westphalia, 589; commands an army in Russia, 755, 756, 762, 774, 775; earns Napoleon’s displeasure, 776; disagreement with Davout, 776, 777; resigns command and returns to Westphalia, 776; at battle of Quatre Bras, 1048; wounded, 1056; at Waterloo, 1066; attacks Hougoumont, 1072-73; mentioned, 559, 748, 860, 1092
Bonaparte, Joseph, sometime King of Naples, King of Spain: biographical sketch, see Appendix; character, 5; accompanies Napoleon to Autun, 6; becomes head of the family, 8; Napoleon’s life-long respect for, 5; at Napoleon’s coronation, 319; made King of Naples, 448, 450; intended role in Napoleon’s three-part offensive, 600, 601; persuaded to exchange Naples for the crown of Spain, 608; at Bayonne, 607; reached Madrid, 614; flees over Ebro and Douro, 618; Napoleon’s brusque treatment of, 621, 643; restored to his capital, 643; and the Peninsular War, 650, 653, 654; made Lieutenant General of the Realm, 952; fails to supervise defenses of Paris, 952, 1000; ordered to arrange evacuation of Marie Louise and the King of Rome, 971; abandons Paris, 1000; awarded pension by the Allies, 1003; mentioned, 447, 615, 621, 639, 658, 732, 968; picture, 606
Bonaparte, Josephine (née Tascher), see Josephine, Empress
Bonaparte, Letizia (Madame Mère): biographical sketch, see Appendix; mother of Napoleon, 5; leaves Corsica and settles near Toulon, 17; Dowager-Empress, 451; granite character of, 5; severity, 451; after Napoleon’s coronation, 5; mentioned, 11.
Bonaparte, Louis, King of Holland: biographical sketch, see Appendix; born, 5; idleness of, 231; his son Napoleon, heir-presumptive, death of, 744; crowned King of Holland, 450; role in 1806, 464, 465; equivocal attitude to Continental System, 512; Napoleon’s rebukes, 512; at Bayonne, 608; refuses crown of Spain, 609; forced to abdicate, 745; mentioned, 57
Bonaparte, Lucien, Duke of Canino: biographical sketch, see Appendix; birth, 5; stubborn character of, 17, 607; denounces Paoli at Toulon, 17; President of Council of Five Hundred, 259; his part in Brumaire, 261, 262; at Bayonne, 607; refuses crown of Spain, 608; mentioned, 8, 245, 605
Bonaparte, Napoleon, see Napoleon Bonaparte
Bonaparte, Pauline, Princess Borghese: biographical sketch, see Appendix; birth of, 6; Napoleon’s favorite sister, 6; marries General Leclerc, 320; picture, 606
Bonneval, Chevalier de: serves at Constantinople, 37; Napoleon’s plan to emulate, 210
Bourcet, Pierre, French military writer: his “Guerre de Montagnes,” 31; influence on Napoleon’s thinking, 30, 139; mentioned, 154, 169, 181
Bourgogne, sergeant in the Imperial Guard: at battle of Maloyaroslavets, 822
Bourienne, L. A. F. de, Napoleon’s secretary: at Brienne, 7; in Paris with Napoleon, 14; description of Napoleon as First Consul, 262; “Plains of the Scrivia” anecdote, 150, 275; dishonesty and dismissal of, 370; as Governor of Hamburg, evades the Continental System, 511; mentioned, 518, 585
Braganza, Portuguese ruling house: Regent John, 596; attracts Napoleon’s wrath, 597; declarations concerning, 588, 598; offers concessions, 598; negotiations with England, 597; rescued from Lisbon by Royal Navy, 599
Broglie, Duke of, French marshal of l’ Ancien Regime: grants Napoleon’s leave application, 10; experiments with a corps d’armée system, 159
Brueys, d’Aigulliers, Francois-Paul, French admiral: in command of Toulon fleet, 213; escorts Napoleon to Egypt, 214; killed at the battle of the Nile, 217; made a scapegoat by Napoleon, 219
Brune, G. M. A., French marshal: biographical sketch, see Appendix; in campaign in Holland, 256; wins battle of Bergen, 258; republican reputation of, 260; commands corps in Germany Army of Observation, 559; mentioned, 385, 1017
Brunswick, Charles F. W
., Duke of: commander-in-chief of the Prussian army, 453, 455, 456; indecision of, 458, 459; various plans of, 456, 457-59; inadequate control of subordinates, 459, 470; relationship with Frederick William III, 451, 458; during the campaign of 1806, 471, 479, 489; mortally wounded at Auerstadt, 492; mentioned, 489
Bubna, Austrian general, 948, 983, 992
Bugeaud, French general: describes use of column in Peninsula, 348
Bülow, F. W. von, Prussian general: joins Wittgenstein, 873; retires after Lutzen, 888; holds Berlin, 888, 897; at battle of Gross-Beeren, 905; at battle of Dennewitz, 913, cooperates with General Graham in the Netherlands, 948, 966; moves to join Blücher, 981; captures Soissons, 985; at battle of Laon, 989; during Waterloo campaign, 1017, 1027; too late for Ligny, 1039, 1047; heads march to Waterloo, 1068; in battle for Plancenoit, 1084
Burrard, Sir Harry, British general: supersedes Wellesley in Portugal, 619; and Convention of Cintra, 619; replaced by Sir John Moore, 622
Buxhowden, Russian general, 331, 519; joins Kutusov in 1805, 408; commands Allies left at Austerlitz, 416, 428; hasty flight, 431; during Polish campaign of 1806-1807, 516, 518, 524; mentioned, 403, 437
Bylandt, Allied general, 1032, 1073
Cadoudal, Georges, French royalist conspirator, 308
Caffarelli, Count, French engineer general: senior engineer in Egypt and Syria, 205, 235; wounded before Acre, 240; death of, 240; Napoleon’s grief, 240
Caffarelli the Younger, French divisional general, 416, 426
Cambacérès, J. J. R., Consul of France, 262, 308; legal work of, 316
Carnot, Count Lazare, “Organizer of Victory” and French Minister of War, 32; military doctrines of, 143; creates bureau topographique, 37; organization of the Revolutionary Armies, 54fn, 142, I42fn; member of the Directory, 34; plans of campaign, 41, 46, 57; service as Minister of War (Consulate), 265, 275; intermediary with Moreau, 278; service as Minister of War (Empire), 1012; mentioned, 32, 34, 35, 47, 70
Carteaux, J. F., French Revolutionary general, 3; appointed to command in south, 20; takes Avignon and Marseilles, 20; besieges Toulon, 22; incapacity of, 20, 22, 23, 29; replaced, 25
The Campaigns of Napoleon Page 141
