Jonkovo, 533
Katzbach, 911-12
Krasnöe, 828-29, 834
Kulm, 912
Laon, 988; strengths, 988, 989; plans, 988; events, 989-91; casualties, 991; mentioned, 180
La Rothière, 960; strengths, 960; plans, 960-61; events, 961-64; casualties, 963
Leipzig, 923; strengths, 924, 925; plans, 924; events, 925-36; casualties, 936; mentioned, 180, 183
Liebertwolkwitz, 922
Ligny, 1038; strengths, 1038, 1040; plans, 1039; events, 1041-46; casualties, 1046; mentioned, 1008, 1022, 1051, 1060
Lindenau, 928, 932
Lodi, 81; strengths, 81; plans, 82; events, 81-84; casualties, 84
Lonato, 94, 193
Loshnitsa, 832
Lutzen, 866; strengths, 880; plans, 882; events, 882-87; casualties, 887; mentioned, 866, 912
La Maddalena, Combat of, 15, 16, 29
Maloyaroslavets, 821-22, 834, 857
Marengo, 289; strengths, 290-91; plans, 290; events, 290-96; casualties, 296; mentioned, 300, 301, 302, 349, 577
Marseilles, Combat of, 20
Medina del Rio Seco, 615
Michelsberg Heights, Combat of, 400
Millesimo, 71
Möckern, 874, 928, 930-32
Mondovi, 74-75, 175
Montebello, 288
Montenotte, 66, 70, 181
Montereau, 979-80
Montmartre, 1000
Montmirail, 972-73
Namur, 1091
Nile, 227
Novi, 289
Orthez, 992
Ostronovo, 779
Pan Corbo, 632
Pirna, 908
Plechenitzi, 847
Polotsk, (1st), 780; (2d), 827
Poserna, 881
Pultusk, 521, 524, 552
Pyramids, 224; strengths, 224; plans, 224; events, 224-26; casualties, 226
Quatre Bras, 1008, 1041; strengths, 1048, 1050, 1052; plans, 1049; events, 1047-57; casualties, 1056; mentioned, 1060, 1061
Raab, 709
Ratisbon, 691-93
Reynosa, 635
Rheims, 999
Rivoli, 116; strengths, 118; plans, 116; events, 115-20; casualties, 120
Romainville, 1000
Roveredo, 97
Saalfeld, 470-71, 504
Salamanca, 628, 639, 645
Shubra Khit, 223
Smolensk, 785; strengths, 785; plans, 783; events, 785-88; casualties, 786; mentioned, 856
Smolensk, 785; strengths, 640; plans, 640; events, 641-42; casualties, 642
Stockach, 277
Tabor, Mount, 181, 239
Tengen, 682
Toulouse, 991
Trafalgar, 402, 406, 451
Tudela, 63
Ulm, see Michelsberg Heights
Valetta, 216
Valjouan, 979
Valmaceda, 633
Valmy, 36, 54fn
Vauchamps, 974-75
Verona, 87, 93, 95
Vilna, 774
Vimiero, 619, 659
Vinkovo, 819
Vitebsk, 779
Vitoria, 901
Voltri, Combat of, 64
Wagram, 713; strengths, 717; plans, 710-11; events, 713-30; casualties, 729; mentioned, 181, 190, 346, 734, 735
Walcheren, 736
Waterloo, 1064; strengths, 1064-65, 1066; plans, 1065-67; events, 1064-94; casualties, 1094; mentioned, 173, 174, 180, 191, 321, 346, 350, 351
Wavre, 1008, 1091, 1094
Wertingen, Action of, 397
Zell, Maria-, 405
Zurich, (1st), 256; (2d), 257
Other battles: Gettysburg, 1088; Kunersdorf, 798; Oudenarde, 1053; Prague, 179; Rossbach, 499; Zörn-dorf, 798
Bellerophon, H.M.S., 1095
Boulogne, Camp of, 323-24 Bureau Topographique, 57; see also Cernot, 87
Campaigns, Napoleonic, passim; Italy (1794-1795), 29-38; Italy (1796-1797), 53-130; Egypt and Syria (1798-1799), 212-45; Italy (1800), 264-304; the Danube (1805), 381-439; Prussia (1806), 451-506; Poland, (1807-1808), 513-85; Portugal (1808), 597-99; Spain (1808-1809), 605-60; Russia (1812), 759-861; Germany (1813), 869-941; France (1814), 948-1004; the Hundred Days (1815), 1015-65
Carrière, La, French frigate, 242
Cavalry: French, 351
Revolutionary period, types, 69; organisation, roles and weaknesses, 4, 69, 351
Consulate and Empire, 352; Napoleon’s views on, 351; types, 352, 354; organisation, 352; equipment, 352, 354; roles, 352, 354-55; the charge, 355; role of cavalry general, 355-56; reconnaissance, 185, 186, 359; security, 146-48; pursuit, 355; Napoleonic reforms, 356; use of captured mounts, 453, 516; cavalry at Marengo, 296; at Austerlitz, 426, 430; after Jena, 498; at Eylau, 543-44; at Friedland, 582; at Somosierra, 641-42; at Aspern-Essling, 702; at Wagram, 722, 727, 728; at Borodino, 805; the Sacred Squadron, 832; at Leipzig, 929-30; at Vauchamps, 975; at Waterloo, 1080-84; see also Grouchy, Lasalle, Montbrun, Murat, and Tactics
Other cavalry: Austrian, 44; English, 652, 1093; Mamelukes, 223; Prussian, 454; Turkish, 239; Russian, 519, 749; Cossacks, 519, 567, 579, 750, 781, 813, 822, 914
Church, the French, 310, 595
Civil Reforms, Napoleonic: Civil Code, 316, 317, 1007; Criminal Code, 317; Commercial Code, 317; other codes, 317; economic reform, 314-15, 1012; land reform, 314, 1012; taxation, 314-15; industrial development, 315; police, 316; education, 316; local government, 316; popular welfare, 315; military resettlement, 336-37; the French Institute, 207; the Institute of Egypt, 228, 246-48
Concordat, the, 310, 595
Conscription, French: Jourdan’s Conscription Law, 256-57; Revolutionary methods, 333 fn; “levée en masse,” 334fn; Annual Classes, 334; working of system, 334; the three “Bans” of 1812, 755; problem of refractory conscripts, 334, 868, 949; discrepancy between paper figures and reality, 949; total conscripted, see Introduction; total actually saw service, see Introduction; growing unpopularity of, 509; practice of anticipating the classes, 334, 517, 754, 866-67; Class of 1806, 460, 630; Class of 1807, 517, 630; Class of 1808, 559, 630; Class of 1809, 630, 668; Class of 1810, 668; Class of 1812, 754; Class of 1813, 866; Class of 1814, 867; Class of 1815, 946, 1015
Constitutions, coup d’etat, French, 39, 262; Brumaire, 260-62, 264; Conseil des Anciens, 260, 261; Conseil des Cinq Cents, 259, 261; Conseil d’État, 312; Constitution of the Year III (1794), 39; Constitution of the Year VIII (1799), 262-63, 312; Directory of Seven, of Five, etc., 75-76, 78, 208, 245, 254; Napoleon’s attitude toward, 41, 84-85, 112, 206, 207, 253-54; venality of, 254, 260; membership, 254; weaknesses, 254, 259; fall unmourned, 260, 263, 264; Divan, the Egyptian, 229, 244; Fructidor, 207; Legislative Corps, 313; Legislature, 313; Royalist influence, 308; Republican influence, 308; Jacobin influence, 259, 308; Napoleon’s methods of treating each, 308-9; the Senate, 313; use of Arrêts, 313; use of Decrees Senatus Consultum, 313, 390, 866; use of Plebicites, 313; Thermidor, 34; the Tribunate, 313; opposition of, to Napoleon, 313; Vendémiaire, 14; the Provisional Consulate, 262; the Consulate, 262; the Life Consulate, 304, 317; the Empire proclaimed, 318; the Coronation, 319
Continental System, the, see Grand Strategy
Corps d’Armée, French, 185-86; see also Grand Tactics
Court, the Consular and Imperial, 318, 593
Egyptology, science of, 228
Émigrés, the, 310, 1009
Engineers, French, the, 70, 365; organisation, 70; Revolutionary period, 70; expansion under the Empire, 365; at Aspern-Essling, 698-99; before Wagram, 711, 716; at the Beresina, 837, 840-44; see also Éble, Chasseloup-Laubat, Carnot
England, projects for the invasion of, 207-8, 322, 451, 599, 747; called off, 209, 325, 600; reverted to, 599
Fantassin, or French infantrymen, 339
France, fear of English invasions of, 466, 510, 511; counter-measures adopted, 755-56
Gendarmerie, the, 316, 867;
Gendarmerie de l’Ordonnance, 590
Gendarmerie d’élite, 338
Grand Strategy, N
apoleonic: defined, 141, 162; Napoleon’s grasp of, 142-43; his overall aims, 144; their origins, 136-43; interrelation with strategy, 145, 162; the Continental System, 511; its origins, 451, 511; later Milan Decrees, 595; effects of, 511, 595; British reaction to, 451, 512, 595; difficulties caused by, 512; many of Napoleon’s major strategical errors due to, 512; evasions of, 511-12; Holland and, 512, 594; Russia and, 512, 542, 587, 594, 745; Italy and, 595; Bourienne and, 511-12; the Pope and, 595; Prussia and, 446; Portugal and, 596-97; Spain and, 596; Spain and (1808), 609, 620, 659; Russia and (1812), 743, 746; see also Treaties
Grand Tactics, Napoleonic: definition, 178; origins of Napoleon’s ideas, 179; principles regarding, 181; their fluidity, 182, 190; the underlying system and its aims, 179-82; types of battles, 182; frontal, 182-83; “double,” 183-84; the “strategic battle,” 184-85; its stages, 185; frontal attack, 185; envelopment or outflanking, 186, 188; masse de décision, 188-90; the breakthrough, 190; the doctrine of pursuit, 190; vital importance of coordination, 186; and of timing, 186; developed before Castiglione, 191; diagram, 187; “le bataillon carré,” 154; significance of corps d’armée system, 185-86, 265, 332, 386; and of “living off the country,” 149, 159-60
Grenadiers, the Austrian Imperial, 908
Guard, the Imperial: its origins, 338; the Guides, 87, 112; the Guards of the Consulate, 263, 293, 338; formal creation, 338, 382; original size (1804), 338; organisation, 338; recruitment of, 339; privileges of, 339; envied and admired, 339; inspired confidence, 339; rarely used in battle before 1809, 486, 754; discontent in, 486; component parts, 338-39, 708; the Old Guard, 338; the Middle Guard, 338; the Young Guard, 338; the Guard Cavalry, 338, 430-31, 544, 642, 651-52; Mamelukes, 354, 610; the Guard Artillery, 725; the Guard Staffs, 368; size of Guard in 1812, 338; in 1813, 874; in 1814, 338; in 1815, 338; incorporation of conscripts in, 338; at Austerlitz, 416; at Jena, 477, 486; at Eylau, 543; at Wagram, 722, 723, 725, 728; at Borodino, 804; at Krasnöe, 828; at Lützen, 886; at Dresden, 910-11; at Leipzig, 924, 927; at Fontainebleau, 1003; at Waterloo, 1087-89; retreat of, 1090
Guard, Russian Imperial, 420, 428, 430, 579, 749, 805, 880
Guards, British, the, 1088-89
Guard, French National, 866-67, 1018, 1095
Guard, French Municipal, 867
Guerrillas and popular risings: Napoleon’s views on, 612, 614, 615; Spanish, 611, 614; use of, in Peninsular War, 615, 627, 638-39, 648, 660; Russian guerrillas in 1812, 816; local risings in Austria, 696; forces of Prussian resistance, 736, 870; Royalist revolts in La Vendée, 20, 36, 264, 308, 868, 1017, 1094; in le Midi, 3, 20
Holy War, declared by the Sultan against France, 230
Imperial Guard, the, see Guard
Inconstant, H.M.S., 1003
Infantry, French: Napoleon’s opinions of, 28, 340
of the Revolutionary period, 67; line, 69; light, 69; volunteers in, 67, 333fn; fédérés, 68, 333fn; weaknesses of, 67; strengths of, 69; l’ Amalgame, 68; organisation of, 68, 69
under the Consulate and Empire, 156, 339; reforms in, 340, 668, 754fn; equipment of, 341-44; size in various years, 340, 516, 622; training methods in, 341; line, 340; light, 340-41; grenadiers, 340; voltiguers, 340; tirailleurs, 338; flankers, 338; peak of efficiency, 453; at Marengo, 291, 296; at Austerlitz, 424, 425, 427; at Jena-Auerstadt, 489, 494; dilution with raw conscripts, 663, 670; increasing use of allied troops, 743, 756; dropping standards of, 346, 670, 734, 756; general discipline in, 399, 499, 525, 638, 766; attempts to remedy this, 499, 638; ineffective, 639; shrinking reliability of, 346, 867; officer losses, 335; difficulties of replacing officers, 335, 868, 950; use of regimental artillery discontinued, 340; reintroduced, 340, 670; “les Marie-Louises,” 157, 939, 955; love of, for Napoleon, 844, 955; the “grumblers,” 515, 518; marching capacity of, 121, 148, 149; adaptability of, 323, 346, 353; see also Tactics, Soldier, the French, and Weapons
Others: Austrian, 45, 86-87, 666; English, 43, 348, 350; Janissaries, 243; Prussian, 454, 484, 494, 872; Freikorps, 870, 873; Jaëgar, 873; Landwehr, 664, 872, 900; Russian, 519, 524, 750; Spanish, 46, 612; Turkish, 235, 239, 243
Krumpersystem, Prussian, 872
Leadership and morale: Napoleon’s opinion of, 155, 374; his methods of achieving, 156, 161, 323, 375; incentives, 155; decorations, 155; swords of honor, 155; promotion, 161; “la gloire,” 155; emulation, 339; the Legion of Honour, 311, 323; familiarity with men, 156, 375; on-the-spot selection of the deserving, 375, 687; punishments, 102, 156; Napoleon’s wraths, 102, 156, 375, 618; executions, 86, 638; court-martials, 436, 638; reproofs, 375; few favorites, 375; attitude to his staff, 375-76; good quality of officer leadership, 335-36; varying quality of men’s morale, 102, 156-57, 550; Napoleon’s personal example, 16, 26, 83, 106, 374, 884, 997; threats to court danger, 422; use of Bulletins, 421, 439, 579, 739; use of inspections and reviews, 314, 323, 374-75, 618; tuning of the pulpit, 311; control of the Press, 308, 422fn, 550, 598; the Paris Moniteur, 422fn, 598; other incentives; patents of nobility and cash grants, 311-12; princedoms, 312; thrones, 312; adoption of orphans, 439; hospitals for veterans, 99fn, 499; release documentation, 336-37
Looting and indiscipline, French, 54, 67, 390, 499, 525, 638, 766; attempts to check, 499, 638
“Marie-Louise, les,” 157, 939, 955
Marshalate, the, 311-12; Napoleon’s opinions of, 161, 376, 868, 939, 1004, 1021, 1084, 1091; its creation, 311-12, 335; privileges attached to, 155; first appointments, 311, 3i2fn, 434-35; later appointments, 730; limitations of, 156, 161, 593; qualities of, 156, 161, 335; relative youth of, 335; internal jealousies among, 398, 529, 568-69, 590, 794, 914-15; deliberately fostered by, 590; starved of independent command training, 756, 860, 939; general loyalty of, 156; exceptions, 724; growing war weariness of, 868, 900, 1000; desertion of Napoleon at Fontainebleau, 1000-1001; in 1815, 1021-23; pictures, 434-35, 730; see also Berna-dotte, Davout, Lannes, Ney, and Appendix
Maxims, Napoleon’s military, 144
Medical Services, French Army, 366, 758-59
Midi, Revolt of 1793, 19-21, 23, 32
Murion, La, French frigate, 242
Naval policy, Napoleon’s, 324; general effectiveness of, 324, 595; limitations, 323, 325
Orders in Council, British, 512, 595
Papacy, the, 310, 448; see also Church, Concordat
Pestiferies, the, of Jaffa, 236
Principles of War, the, 144; see also Strategy, Tactics, Art of War Privateers, French, 595
Quadrilateral, the, 61, 87
Regiments, French: see Infantry, Cavalry, the Guard, etc., for organisation, strength, etc.
Regiments, specifically mentioned:
Cavalry: 5th Cuirassiers, 805; 5th Dragoons, 196; 7th Hussars, 471; Polish Light Horse, 641-42; Dromedary Corps, 235; the Sacred Squadron, 832
Infantry: Guard of the Directory, 260; Consular Guard, 263, 293; Imperial Guard, 1st/2d Chasseurs, 1086; 1st/2d Grenadiers, 1086; 4th Demi-brigade, 199; 4th Line Regiment, 430, 534; 5th Line Regiment, 199; 10th Light Regiment, 691; 13th Light Regiment, 687; 14th Line Regiment, 543; 17th Line Regiment, 426; 52d Demi-brigade, 85, 226; 39th Demi-brigade, 102; 40th Line Regiment, 786; 45th Line Regiment, 1078; 108th Line Regiment, 392, 425; 111th Line Regiment, 428; 209th Demi-brigade, 54; Ajaccio Volunteers, 13; Hessian Lifeguards, 766; Tirailleurs du Po, 424
Artillery: 1st Train Battalion, 495, 766; 4th Artillery Regiment, 12; Régiment de Grenoble, 12; Régiment de la Fère, 8
Others:
Austrian: Regiment of Kehl, 87; Kinsky Regiment, 288; Zach Grenadier Regiment, 704
English: Royal Regiment of Dragoons, 1078; Royal Scots Greys, 1078; 1st Foot Guards, 1081, 1088-89; 33d Regiment, 1052; 52d Regiment, 1089; 69th Regiment, 1052; 92d Regiment, 1078; 95th Regiment (the Rifle Brigade), 1066; King’s German Legion, 1053, 1066, 1078, 1085, 1093; “G” Troops, Royal Horse Artillery, 1033, 1081
Prussian: 61st Infantry Regiment, 494
Russian: the Russian Imperial Guard, 420, 428, 430, 749, 805, 880
For naval vessels, see sp
ecific names
Rhine, Confederation of, 449-50, 748, 875, 888, 936
Rhine, League of, 449
Royal Navy, the, 324, 441, 594, 625
Search, the Right of, English naval, 512
Semaphore, French military, 143fn, 365, 390; links Paris to frontier, 678; extensions, 366; speed and limitations of, 366, 678-79
Sieges, Napoleonic period: Acre, 237-38, 239-40; Bard, Fort, 279, 283, 300; Barcelona, 621, 629, 644; Danzig, 560-64, 939; Dresden, 939; El Arish, 235-36; Genoa, 271-72, 284, 285; Hamburg, 948; Magdeburg, 499, 502; Mantua, 87, 89, 92, 94, 96-97, 98, 99, 113, 120-21, 172, 194, 283; Riga, 781, 851; Saragossa, 615, 626, 627; Stralsund, 513; Torgau, 939; Toulon, 3, 20-27
Siege warfare, methods of, 561-63
St. John, Order of (and Knights of Malta), 215, 216
Staff, French, 37, 367; Revolutionary period, 57; Carnot and, 37, 142fn; under Consulate and Empire, 367; description, 367; branches of, 367-68; key personnel of, 369-71; complexities of, 367; inconsistencies of, 369, 374; lack of imagination of, 374, 860; Napoleon’s opinion of, 374; the Maison, 369-72; Napoleon’s “little headquarters,” 371-72; the Topographical Department (“the Sanctuary of Genius”), 370-71; Napoleon’s daily routine, 374-75; the General Staff, 372-74; Berthier’s roles, 369, 373; his “Cabinet,” 372-73; Commissary-general’s staff, 368; types of staff officer, 373; inter-staff rivalries, 372; functions of, 373; Napoleon the sole indispensable part of, 372, 374; Napoleon’s limitations on, 158, 860, 939; size of staffs (1805-1812), 368; Others: Austrian, 44-45, 383, 666; English, 42, 628; Prussian, 455-56, 502, 872; Scharnhorst’s reforms, 367; Russian, 519, 750; Spanish, 625
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