by Polybius
[1] καταπληττόμενος τῷ παραβόλῳ. μέγιστα δὲ συνεβάλλετο πρὸς τὴν τόλμαν αὐτοῦ τὸ διὰ τῶν προβραχέων ἐκ τῆς ἐμπειρίας ἀκριβῶς σεσημειῶσθαι τὸν εἴσπλουν: [2] ὑπεράρας γὰρ καὶ φαινόμενος ἔπειτ᾽ ἂν ἀπὸ τῶν κατὰ τὴν Ἰταλίαν μερῶν ἐλάμβανε τὸν ἐπὶ τῆς θαλάττης πύργον κατὰ πρῶρραν οὕτως ὥστε τοῖς πρὸς τὴν Λιβύην τετραμμένοις πύργοις τῆς πόλεως ἐπιπροσθεῖν ἅπασι: δι᾽ οὗ τρόπου μόνως ἐστὶ δυνατὸν ἐξ οὐρίας τοῦ κατὰ τὸν εἴσπλουν στόματος εὐστοχεῖν. [3] τῇ δὲ τοῦ Ῥοδίου τόλμῃ πιστεύσαντες καὶ πλείους ἀπεθάρρησαν τῶν εἰδότων τοὺς τόπους τὸ παραπλήσιον ποιεῖν: ἐξ ὧν οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι δυσχρηστούμενοι τῷ συμβαίνοντι χωννύειν τὸ στόμα τοῦ λιμένος ἐπεχείρησαν. [4] κατὰ μὲν οὖν τὸ πλεῖστον μέρος τῆς ἐπιβολῆς οὐδὲν ἤνυον διὰ τὸ βάθος τῆς θαλάττης καὶ διὰ τὸ μηθὲν δύνασθαι τῶν ἐμβαλλομένων στῆναι μηδὲ συμμεῖναι τὸ παράπαν, ἀλλ᾽ ὑπό τε τοῦ κλύδωνος καὶ τῆς τοῦ ῥοῦ βίας τὸ ῥιπτούμενον εὐθέως ἐν τῇ καταφορᾷ παρωθεῖσθαι καὶ διασκορπίζεσθαι, [5] κατὰ δέ τινα τόπον ἔχοντα βράχεα συνέστη χῶμα μετὰ πολλῆς ταλαιπωρίας, ἐφ᾽ ᾧ τετρήρης ἐκτρέχουσα νυκτὸς ἐκάθισε καὶ τοῖς πολεμίοις ὑποχείριος ἐγένετο, διαφέρουσα τῇ κατασκευῇ τῆς ναυπηγίας. [6] ἧς οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι κρατήσαντες καὶ πληρώματι καταρτίσαντες ἐπιλέκτῳ πάντας τοὺς εἰσπλέοντας, μάλιστα δὲ τὸν Ῥόδιον, ἐπετήρουν. [7] ὁ δὲ κατὰ τύχην εἰσπλεύσας νυκτὸς μετὰ ταῦτα πάλιν ἀνήγετο φανερῶς. θεωρῶν δ᾽ ἐκ καταβολῆς αὑτῷ τὴν τετρήρη συνεξορμήσασαν, γνοὺς τὴν ναῦν διετράπη. [8] τὸ μὲν οὖν πρῶτον ὥρμησεν ὡς καταταχήσων: τῇ δὲ τοῦ πληρώματος παρασκευῇ καταλαμβανόμενος, τέλος ἐπιστρέψας ἠναγκάσθη συμβαλεῖν τοῖς πολεμίοις. [9] καταπροτερούμενος δὲ τοῖς ἐπιβατικοῖς διά τε τὸ πλῆθος καὶ διὰ τὴν ἐκλογὴν τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἐγένετο τοῖς ἐχθροῖς ὑποχείριος. [10] οἱ δὲ Ῥωμαῖοι, κυριεύσαντες καὶ ταύτης τῆς νεὼς εὖ κατεσκευασμένης καὶ καταρτίσαντες αὐτὴν τοῖς πρὸς τὴν χρείαν, οὕτως ἐκώλυσαν τοὺς κατατολμῶντας καὶ πλέοντας εἰς τὸ Λιλύβαιον.
47. What contributed most to encourage him to a repetition of the feat was the fact that by frequent experience he had marked out the course for himself by clear land marks. As soon as he had crossed the open sea, and was coming into sight, he used to steer as though he were coming from Italy, keeping the seaward tower exactly on his bows, in such a way as to be in a line with the city towers which faced towards Libya; and this is the only possible course to hit the mouth of the channel with the wind astern. The successful boldness of the Rhodian inspired several of those who were acquainted with these waters to make similar attempts. The Romans felt themselves to be in a great difficulty; and what was taking place determined them to attempt blocking up the mouth of the harbour. The greater part of the attempted work was a failure: the sea was too deep, and none of the material which they threw into it would hold, or in fact keep in the least compact. The breakers and the force of the current dislodged and scattered everything that was thrown in, before it could even reach the bottom. But there was one point where the water was shallow, at which a mole was with infinite labour made to hold together; and upon it a vessel with four banks of oars and of unusually fine build stuck fast as it was making the outward passage at night, and thus fell into the hands of the enemy. The Romans took possession of it, manned it with a picked crew, and used it for keeping a look out for all who should try to enter the harbour, and especially for the Rhodian. He had sailed in, as it happened, that very night, and was afterwards putting out to sea again in his usual open manner. He was, however, startled to see the four-banked vessel put out to sea again simultaneously with himself. He recognised what ship it was, and his first impulse was to escape her by his superior speed. But finding himself getting overhauled by the excellence of her rowers, he was finally compelled to bring to and engage at close quarters. But in a struggle of marines he was at a complete disadvantage: the enemy were superior in numbers, and their soldiers were picked men; and he was made prisoner. The possession of this ship of superior build enabled the Romans, by equipping her with whatever was wanted for the service she had to perform, to intercept all who were adventurous enough to try running the blockade of Lilybaeum.
[1] τῶν δὲ πολιορκουμένων ταῖς μὲν ἀντοικοδομίαις ἐνεργῶς χρωμένων, τοῦ δὲ λυμαίνεσθαι καὶ διαφθείρειν τὰς τῶν ὑπεναντίων παρασκευὰς ἀπεγνωκότων, [2] γίνεταί τις ἀνέμου στάσις ἔχουσα τηλικαύτην βίαν καὶ φορὰν εἰς αὐτὰς τὰς τῶν μηχανημάτων προσαγωγὰς ὥστε καὶ τὰς στοὰς διασαλεύειν καὶ τοὺς προκειμένους τούτων πύργους τῇ βίᾳ βαστάζειν. [3] ἐν ᾧ καιρῷ συννοήσαντές τινες τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν μισθοφόρων τὴν ἐπιτηδειότητα τῆς περιστάσεως πρὸς τὴν τῶν ἔργων διαφθορὰν προσφέρουσι τῷ στρατηγῷ τὴν ἐπίνοιαν. [4] τοῦ δὲ δεξαμένου καὶ ταχέως ἑτοιμάσαντος πᾶν τὸ πρὸς τὴν χρείαν ἁρμόζον, συστραφέντες οἱ νεανίσκοι κατὰ τριττοὺς τόπους ἐνέβαλον πῦρ τοῖς ἔργοις. [5] ὡς δ᾽ ἂν τῶν μὲν κατασκευασμάτων διὰ τὸν χρόνον εὖ παρεσκευασμένων πρὸς τὸ ῥᾳδίως ἐμπρησθῆναι, τῆς δὲ τοῦ πνεύματος βίας φυσώσης κατ᾽ αὐτῶν τῶν πύργων καὶ μηχανημάτων, τὴν μὲν νομὴν τοῦ πυρὸς ἐνεργὸν συνέβαινε γίνεσθαι καὶ πρακτικήν, τὴν δ᾽ ἐπάρκειαν καὶ βοήθειαν τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις εἰς τέλος ἄπρακτον καὶ δυσχερῆ. [6] τοιαύτην γὰρ ἔκπληξιν παρίστα τὸ συμβαῖνον τοῖς βοηθοῦσιν ὥστε μήτε συννοῆσαι μήτε συνιδεῖν δύνασθαι τὸ γινόμενον, ἀλλ᾽ ἀποσκοτουμένους ὑπὸ τῆς εἰς αὐτοὺς φερομένης λιγνύος καὶ τῶν φεψαλύγων, ἔτι δὲ τῆς τοῦ καπνοῦ πολυπληθίας, οὐκ ὀλίγους ἀπόλλυσθαι καὶ πίπτειν, μὴ δυναμένους ἐγγίσαι πρὸς αὐτὴν τὴν τοῦ πυρὸς βοήθειαν. [7] ὅσῳ δὲ μείζω συνέβαινε γίνεσθαι τὴν δυσχρηστίαν περὶ τοὺς ὑπεναντίους διὰ τὰς προειρημένας αἰτίας, τοσούτῳ πλείων εὐχρηστία περὶ τοὺς ἐνιέντας ἦν τὸ πῦρ. [8] τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἐπισκοτοῦν καὶ βλάπτειν δυνάμενον πᾶν ἐξεφυσᾶτο καὶ πρ
οωθεῖτο κατὰ τῶν ὑπεναντίων, τὸ δὲ βαλλόμενον ἢ ῥιπτούμενον ἐπί τε τοὺς βοηθοῦντας καὶ τὴν τῶν ἔργων διαφθορὰν εὔστοχον μὲν ἐπεγίνετο διὰ τὸ συνορᾶν τοὺς ἀφιέντας τὸν πρὸ αὑτῶν τόπον, πρακτικὸν δὲ διὰ τὸ γίνεσθαι σφοδρὰν τὴν πληγήν, συνεργούσης τοῖς βάλλουσι τῆς τοῦ πνεύματος βίας. [9] τὸ δὲ πέρας τοιαύτην συνέβη γενέσθαι τὴν παντέλειαν τῆς καταφθορᾶς ὥστε καὶ τὰς βάσεις τῶν πύργων καὶ τὰ στύπη τῶν κριῶν ὑπὸ τοῦ πυρὸς ἀχρειωθῆναι. [10] τούτων δὲ συμβάντων τὸ μὲν ἔτι διὰ τῶν ἔργων πολιορκεῖν ἀπέγνωσαν οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι: περιταφρεύσαντες δὲ καὶ χάρακι περιλαβόντες κύκλῳ τὴν πόλιν, ἔτι δὲ τῆς ἰδίας στρατοπεδείας τεῖχος προβαλόμενοι τῷ χρόνῳ παρέδοσαν τὴν πρᾶξιν. [11] οἱ δ᾽ ἐν τῷ Λιλυβαίῳ τὸ πεπτωκὸς ἐξοικοδομησάμενοι τεῖχος εὐθαρσῶς ὑπέμενον ἤδη τὴν πολιορκίαν.
48. Meanwhile, the besieged were energetically carrying on counterworks, having abandoned the hope of damaging or destroying the constructions of the enemy. But in the midst of these proceedings a storm of wind, of such tremendous violence and fury, blew upon the machinery of the engines, that it wrecked the pent-houses, and carried away by its force the towers erected to cover them. Some of the Greek mercenaries perceived the advantage such a state of things offered for the destruction of the siege-works, and communicated their idea to the commander. He caught at the suggestion, and lost no time in making every preparation suitable to the undertaking. Then the young men mustered at three several points, and threw lighted brands into the enemy’s works. The length of time during which these works had been standing made them exactly in the proper state to catch fire easily; and when to this was added a violent wind, blowing right upon the engines and towers, the natural result was that the spreading of the fire became rapid and destructive; while all attempts on the Roman side to master it, and rescue their works, had to be abandoned as difficult or wholly impracticable. Those who tried to come to the rescue were so appalled at the scene, that they could neither fully grasp nor clearly see what was going on. Flames, sparks, and volumes of smoke blew right in their faces and blinded them; and not a few dropped down and perished without ever getting near enough to attempt to combat the fire. The same circumstances, which caused these overwhelming difficulties to the besiegers, favoured those who were throwing the fire-brands in exactly the same proportion. Everything that could obscure their vision or hurt them was blown clean away and carried into the faces of the enemy; while their being able to see the intervening space enabled the shooters to take a good aim at those of the enemy who came to the rescue, and the throwers of the fire-brands to lodge them at the proper places for the destruction of the works. The violence of the wind, too, contributed to the deadly effect of the missiles by increasing the force of their blows. Eventually the destruction was so complete, that the foundations of the siege-towers and the blocks of the battering-rams were rendered unusable by the fire. In spite of this disaster, though they gave up the idea of assaulting the place any longer by means of their works, the Romans still persisted. They surrounded the town with a ditch and stockade, threw up an additional wall to secure their own encampment, and left the completion of their purpose to time. Nor were the besieged less determined. They repaired the part of their walls which had been thrown down, and prepared to endure the siege with good courage.
[1] εἰς δὲ τὴν Ῥώμην προσπεσόντων τούτων, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα πλειόνων ἀναγγελλόντων διότι συμβαίνει τῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ στόλου πληρωμάτων τὸ πλεῖστον μέρος ἔν τε τοῖς ἔργοις καὶ τῇ καθόλου πολιορκίᾳ διεφθάρθαι, [2] σπουδῇ κατέγραφον ναύτας καὶ συναθροίσαντες εἰς μυρίους ἐξέπεμψαν εἰς τὴν Σικελίαν. [3] ὧν διὰ τοῦ πορθμοῦ περαιωθέντων καὶ πεζῇ παραγενομένων εἰς τὸ στρατόπεδον, συναγαγὼν τοὺς χιλιάρχους ὁ στρατηγὸς τῶν Ῥωμαίων Πόπλιος Κλαύδιος ἔφη καιρὸν εἶναι πλεῖν ἐπὶ τὰ Δρέπανα παντὶ τῷ στόλῳ. [4] τὸν γὰρ στρατηγὸν τῶν Καρχηδονίων Ἀτάρβαν τὸν τεταγμένον ἐπ᾽ αὐτῶν ἀπαράσκευον εἶναι πρὸς τὸ μέλλον, ἀγνοοῦντα μὲν τὴν παρουσίαν τῶν πληρωμάτων, πεπεισμένον δὲ μὴ δύνασθαι πλεῖν τὸν αὑτῶν στόλον διὰ τὴν γεγενημένην ἐν τῇ πολιορκίᾳ καταφθορὰν τῶν ἀνδρῶν. προχείρως δ᾽ αὐτῶν συγκατατιθεμένων, [5] εὐθέως ἐνεβίβαζε τά τε προϋπάρχοντα καὶ τὰ προσφάτως παραγεγονότα πληρώματα, τοὺς δ᾽ ἐπιβάτας ἐκ παντὸς ἐπέλεξε τοῦ στρατεύματος ἐθελοντὴν τοὺς ἀρίστους, ἅτε δὴ τοῦ μὲν πλοῦ σύνεγγυς ὄντος, τῆς δ᾽ ὠφελείας ἑτοίμου προφαινομένης. [6] ταῦτα δὲ παρασκευασάμενος ἀνήχθη περὶ μέσας νύκτας, λαθὼν τοὺς πολεμίους. καὶ τὰς μὲν ἀρχὰς ἅθρους ἔπλει, δεξιὰν ἔχων τὴν γῆν. [7] ἅμα δὲ τῷ φωτὶ τῶν πρώτων ἐπὶ τὰ Δρέπανα νεῶν ἐπιφαινομένων, κατιδὼν Ἀτάρβας τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἐξενίσθη διὰ τὸ παράδοξον: [8] ταχὺ δ᾽ ἐν αὑτῷ γενόμενος καὶ νοήσας τὸν ἐπίπλουν τῶν ὑπεναντίων ἔκρινε παντὸς ἔργου πεῖραν λαμβάνειν καὶ πᾶν ὑπομένειν χάριν τοῦ μὴ περιιδεῖν σφᾶς εἰς πρόδηλον συγκλεισθέντας πολιορκίαν. [9] διόπερ εὐθέως τὰ μὲν πληρώματα συνῆγε πρὸς τὸν αἰγιαλόν, τοὺς δ᾽ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως μισθοφόρους ἥθροιζε μετὰ κηρύγματος. [10] τῶν δὲ συλλεχθέντων, ἐπεβάλετο διὰ βραχέων εἰς ἔννοιαν αὐτοὺς ἄγειν τῆς τε τοῦ νικᾶν ἐλπίδος, ἐὰν τολμήσωσι ναυμαχεῖν, καὶ τῆς ἐν τῇ πολιορκίᾳ δυσχρηστίας, ἐὰν καταμελλήσωσι προϊδόμενοι τὸν κίνδυνον. [11] ἑτοίμως δ᾽ αὐτῶν παρορμηθέντων πρὸς τὴν ναυμαχίαν καὶ βοώντων ἄγειν καὶ μὴ μέλλειν, ἐπαινέσας καὶ δεξάμενος τὴν ὁρμὴν παρήγγειλε κατὰ τάχος ἐμβαίνειν καὶ βλέποντας πρὸς τὴν αὑτοῦ ναῦν ἕπεσθαι ταύτῃ κατὰ πρύμναν. [12] διασαφήσας δὲ τὰ προειρημένα κατὰ σπουδὴν πρῶτος ἐποιεῖτο τὸν ἀνάπλουν, ὑπ᾽ αὐτὰς τὰς πέτρας ἐπὶ θάτερα μέρη τοῦ λιμένος ἐξάγων τοῦ τῶν πολεμίων εἴς
49. When the announcement of these events at Rome was followed by reiterated tidings that the larger part of the crews of the fleet had been destroyed, either at the works, or in the general conduct of the siege, the Roman government set zealously to work to enlist sailors; and, having collected as many as ten thousand, sent them to Sicily. They crossed the straits, and reached the camp on foot; and when they had joined, Publius Claudius, the Consul, assembled his tribunes, and said that it was just the tim
e to sail to the attack of Drepana with the whole squadron: for that Adherbal, who was in command there, was quite unprepared for such an event, because he as yet knew nothing of the new crews having arrived; and was fully persuaded that their fleet could not sail, owing to their loss of men in the siege. His proposition met with a ready assent from the council of officers, and he immediately set about getting his men on board, the old crews as well as those who had recently joined. As for marines, he selected the best men from the whole army, who were ready enough to join an expedition which involved so short a voyage and so immediate and certain an advantage. Having completed these preparations, he set sail about midnight, without being detected by the enemy; and for the first part of the day he sailed in close order, keeping the land on his right. By daybreak the leading ships could be seen coming towards Drepana; and at the first sight of them Adherbal was overwhelmed with surprise. He quickly recovered his self-possession however: and, fully appreciating the significance of the enemy’s attack, he determined to try every manœuvre, and hazard every danger, rather than allow himself and his men to be shut up in the blockade which threatened them. He lost no time in collecting his rowing-crews upon the beach, and summoning the mercenary soldiers who were in the town by proclamation. When the muster had taken place, he endeavoured to impress upon them in a few words what good hopes of victory they had, if they were bold enough to fight at sea; and what hardships they would have to endure in a blockade, if they hesitated from any fear of danger and played the coward. The men showed a ready enthusiasm for the sea-fight, and demanded with shouts that he would lead them to it without delay. He thanked them, praised their zeal, and gave the order to embark with all speed, to keep their eyes upon his ship, and follow in its wake. Having made these instructions clear as quickly as he could, he got under weigh himself first, and guided his fleet close under the rocks, on the opposite side of the harbour to that by which the enemy were entering.
