The (Almost) Zero-Waste Guide
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5. “Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2015 Fact Sheet,” Environmental Protection Agency, https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2018-07/documents/2015_smm_msw_factsheet_07242018_fnl_508_002.pdf.
6. “Pledge to ‘Wipe Right’: Use Recycled Toilet Paper,” NRDC, https://act.nrdc.org/sign/recycled-tp-pledge-190826.
7. “About Amazon Certified Frustration-Free Packaging,” Amazon.com, https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=201910210.
8. “Lighting Choices to Save You Money,” US Department of Energy, https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/save-electricity-and-fuel/lighting-choices-save-you-money.
9. Rachel Swalin, “Should You Leave the TV or Radio on for Your Pets?” Health.com, March 13, 2015, https://www.health.com/pets/should-you-leave-the-radio-on-for-your-pets.
10. “Thermostats,” US Department of Energy, https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/thermostats.
11. “Smart Thermostats,” EnergyStar.gov, https://www.energystar.gov/products/heating_cooling/programmable_thermostats/proper_use_guidelines.
12. Amanda Nicholson, “Washington Enacts Law Creating New Paint Recycling Program,” Product Stewardship Institute, May 9, 2019, https://www.productstewardship.us/news/450750/Washington-Enacts-Law-Creating-New-Paint-Recycling-Program.htm.
13. “Donate,” Habitat for Humanity ReStore, https://pdxrestore.org/donate.
14. “Statistics of the Year 2018: Winners Announced,” Royal Statistical Society, https://www.statslife.org.uk/news/4026-statistics-of-the-year-2018-winners-announced.
15. “Composting Dog Waste,” US Department of Agriculture, https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_035763.pdf.
16. “Grow a Healthy, No-Waste Lawn and Garden,” Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, https://www.pca.state.mn.us/living-green/grow-healthy-no-waste-lawn-and-garden.
17. Mary Talbot, “More Sustainable (and Beautiful) Alternatives to a Grass Lawn,” Natural Resources Defense Council, September 30, 2016, https://www.nrdc.org/stories/more-sustainable-and-beautiful-alternatives-grass-lawn.
18. Linda Ly, “Eco-Friendly Alternatives to a Grassy Lawn,” Gilmour.com, https://gilmour.com/grass-alternatives-backyard-lawn.
19. “The Secret Life of a Smart Phone,” Environmental Protection Agency, https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-06/documents/smart_phone_infographic_v4.pdf.
20. Art Swift, “Americans Split on How Often They Upgrade Their Smartphones,” Gallup.com, https://news.gallup.com/poll/184043/americans-split-often-upgrade-smartphones.aspx.
21. “Durable Goods: Product-Specific Data,” Furniture and Furnishings entry, Environmental Protection Agency, https://www.epa.gov/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/durable-goods-product-specific-data#main-content.
Chapter Three: Maintain (Almost) Zero-Waste Personal Care
1. M. Shahbandeh, “Cosmetics Industry in the U.S.—Statistics & Facts,” Statista, October 24, 2019, https://www.statista.com/topics/1008/cosmetics-industry.
2. “The Environmental Consumer’s Handbook,” Environmental Protection Agency, 1990, https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/2000URC7.PDF?Dockey=2000URC7.PDF.
3. Hair color information page, Aveda.com, https://www.aveda.com/hair-color.
4. “Henna Hair Dyes,” Lush.com, https://www.lushusa.com/hair/henna-hair-dyes/.
5. “What Are Microbeads?” Beat the Microbead, Plastic Soup Foundation, https://www.beatthemicrobead.org/.
6. Alejandra Borunda, “How Your Toothbrush Became a Part of the Plastic Crisis,” National Geographic, June 14, 2019, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/06/story-of-plastic-toothbrushes/.
7. Thomas J. Salinas, DDS, “Is It More Effective to Floss Teeth with a Water Pick or Standard Dental Floss?” Mayo Clinic, April 20, 2018, https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/expert-answers/dental-floss/faq-20058112.
8. “What Not to Flush,” Ryerson Today, April 5, 2019, https://www.ryerson.ca/news-events/news/2019/04/what-not-to-flush/.
9. Michael Veronin, “Packaging and Labeling of Pharmaceutical Products Obtained from the Internet,” Journal of Medical Internet Research 13, no. 1 (January–March 2011): e22, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3221344/.
10. “How Often Should You Wash Your (Germ Magnet of a) Bath Towel?” Health Essentials, Cleveland Clinic, January 16, 2019, https://health.clevelandclinic.org/how-often-should-you-wash-your-germ-magnet-of-a-bath-towel/.
11. “30+ Natural Brands with Zero Waste or Sustainable Packaging,” Organically Becca (blog), April 24, 2018, https://organicallybecca.com/zero-waste-sustainable-packaging/.
12. Roddy Scheer and Doug Moss, “Scent of Danger: Are There Toxic Ingredients in Perfumes and Colognes?” Scientific American, September 29, 2012, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/toxic-perfumes-and-colognes/.
13. Carina Hsieh and Hannah Smothers, “The 14 Best Organic Tampon Brands, Because Your Vagina Deserves It,” Cosmopolitan, December 6, 2019, https://www.cosmopolitan.com/sex-love/a13144732/best-organic-tampons/.
14. “PVC Disposal and Recycling,” SFGate, https://homeguides.sfgate.com/pvc-disposal-recycling-79234.html.
Chapter Four: Travel Near and Far with (Almost) Zero Waste
1. “Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks,” Environmental Protection Agency, https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks.
2. “Transit’s Role in Environmental Sustainability,” Federal Transit Administration, May 9, 2016, https://www.transit.dot.gov/regulations-and-guidance/environmental-programs/transit-environmental-sustainability/transit-role.
3. Laura Bliss, “Carpooling Is Totally Coming Back This Time, We Swear,” CityLab, September 15, 2017, https://www.citylab.com/transportation/2017/09/is-carpooling-making-a-comeback/539979/.
4. “Electric Vehicle Benefits and Considerations,” US Department of Energy, https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity_benefits.html.
5. “Electric Vehicles: Tax Credits and Other Incentives,” US Department of Energy, https://www.energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/electric-vehicles-tax-credits-and-other-incentives.
6. “Electric Vehicles and Solar Incentives,” Tesla, https://www.tesla.com/support/incentives.
7. “Idling Reduction for Personal Vehicles,” US Department of Energy, https://afdc.energy.gov/files/u/publication/idling_personal_vehicles.pdf.
8. Riley Hutchings and Kim Tyrrell, “Putting the Brakes on Idling Vehicles,” National Conference of State Legislatures, September 11, 2018, http://www.ncsl.org/research/environment-and-natural-resources/putting-the-brakes-on-idling-vehicles.aspx.
9. “Keeping Your Vehicle in Shape,” US Department of Energy, https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/maintain.jsp.
10. “Regulations for Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Aircraft,” Environmental Protection Agency, https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/regulations-greenhouse-gas-emissions-aircraft.
11. Yoon Jung, “Fuel Consumption and Emissions from Airport Taxi Operations,” NASA Ames Research Center, https://flight.nasa.gov/pdf/18_jung_green_aviation_summit.pdf.
12. Heinrich Bofinger and Jon Strand, “Calculating the Carbon Footprint from Different Classes of Air Travel,” World Bank Development Research Group, http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/141851468168853188/pdf/WPS6471.pdf.
13. “Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA),” International Civil Aviation Organization, United Nations, https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/CORSIA/Pages/default.aspx.
14. Jack Stewart, “Stop Worrying about Buying Carbon Offsets for Your Flights,” Wired, November 20, 2018, https://www.wired.com/story/airline-emissions-carbon-offsets-travel/.
15. A. Konieczna, A. Rutkowska, and D. Rachoń, “Health Risk of Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA),” Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny 66, no. 1 (2015): 5–11, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25813067.
16. Jeff Sossamon, “Thermal Paper Cash Register Re
ceipts Account for High Bisphenol A (BPA) Levels in Humans, MU Study Finds,” MU News Bureau, October 22, 2014, https://munewsarchives.missouri.edu/news-releases/2014/1022-thermal-paper-cash-register-receipts-account-for-high-bisphenol-a-bpa-levels-in-humans-mu-study-finds/.
17. Joseph P. Fuhr and Stephen Pociask, “Broadband and Telecommuting: Helping the US Environment and the Economy,” Low Carbon Economy 2 (2011): 41–47, https://file.scirp.org/pdf/LCE20110100004_53025817.pdf.
Chapter Five: Build an (Almost) Zero-Waste Wardrobe
1. “Textiles: Material-Specific Data,” Environmental Protection Agency, https://www.epa.gov/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/textiles-material-specific-data.
2. Luz Claudio, “Waste Couture: Environmental Impact of the Clothing Industry,” Environmental Health Perspectives 115, no. 9 (September 1, 2007), https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/ehp.115-a449.
3. Kate Carter, “Pandering to the Green Consumer,” Guardian, August 12, 2008, https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2008/aug/13/bamboo.fabric.
4. Christina Sewell, “From Apples to Kombucha Tea: See the Ingenious Way Designers are Making Vegan Leather,” PETA, https://www.peta.org/living/personal-care-fashion/vegan-leather-chic-sustainable-and-fruity/.
5. Susanne Maria Krauß, “East Africa Pushes Secondhand Clothing Ban,” DW.com, February 26, 2018, https://www.dw.com/en/east-africa-pushes-second-hand-clothing-ban/a-42747222.
6. Haisam Hussein, “Your Jeans Are Ruining the Earth,” Vice, September 25, 2017, https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/kzzpjm/your-jeans-are-ruining-the-earth-v24n7.
7. Olivia Petter, “How Often Should You Wash Your Jeans?” Independent, March 29, 2019, https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/jeans-wash-how-often-many-times-levis-boss-a8845411.html.
8. “Dry Cleaning: How to Green Your Cleaning,” SF Environment, https://sfenvironment.org/sites/default/files/fliers/files/sfe_th_dry_cleaning_how_to_green_your_cleaning.pdf.pdf.
9. Amanda MacMillan, “Easy Ways to Save Energy at Home,” Natural Resources Defense Council, https://www.nrdc.org/stories/easy-ways-save-energy-home.
10. Ibid.
11. “A Call to Action for More Efficient Clothes Dryers: US Consumers Missing Out on $4 Billion in Annual Savings,” NRDC Issue Brief, June 2014, https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/efficient-clothes-dryers-IB.pdf.
12. “Cotton Fabrics Damaged by High Dryer Temperatures,” ScienceDaily, August 31, 1999, https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/08/990831080157.htm.
13. “An Updated Lifecycle Assessment for Disposable and Reusable Nappies,” UK Environment Agency, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/an-updated-lifecycle-assessment-for-disposable-and-reusable-nappies.
14. “Nondurable Goods: Product-Specific Data: Disposable Diapers,” Environmental Protection Agency, https://www.epa.gov/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/nondurable-goods-product-specific-data#main-content.
15. Juliet Spurrier, MD, “What Is Inside Those Disposable Diapers?” BabyGearLab, May 24, 2018, https://www.babygearlab.com/expert-advice/what-is-inside-those-disposable-diapers.
Chapter Six: Live (Almost) Zero Waste in Your Community
1. Dr. Lucy Bradley, “Research Regarding the Benefits of Community Gardens,” North Carolina State University Extension, https://nccommunitygardens.ces.ncsu.edu/nccommunitygardens-research/.
2. David Henslovitz, Ava Landgraf, Alex Robinson, Karishma Satapathy, and Nathan Vellayan, “Recycling Bin Contamination,” Planet Blue, University of Michigan, http://sustainability.umich.edu/environ211/recycling-bin-contamination.
3. Virginia Streeter and Brenda Platt, “Residential Food Waste Collection Access in the US,” BioCycle 58, no. 11 (December 2017): 20, https://www.biocycle.net/2017/12/06/residential-food-waste-collection-access-u-s/.
Index
A note about the index: The pages referenced in this index refer to the page numbers in the print edition. Clicking on a page number will take you to the ebook location that corresponds to the beginning of that page in the print edition. For a comprehensive list of locations of any word or phrase, use your reading system’s search function.
A
acrylates copolymer, 5, 69
Aether Beauty, 75
Agriculture, US Department of, 23
air pollution, viii, 54–55, 90
airplanes, 90–92
Allbirds, 110
Alternative Apparel, 78
Amazon, 46
American Chemical Society, 117
ammonia, 68
animal waste, 53–54
antioxidant mask, 75
Antonym Cosmetics, 75
appliances, 48–49
artificial lighting, 48
Asian star jasmine, 56
Athleta, 78
Au Naturale Cosmetics, 75
Aveda, 68
Axiology, 76
B
baby food, homemade, 21–22, 131
baby wipes, 71–72
bamboo, 102 straws, 4
toothbrushes, 69–70
washcloths, 73
bar soap, 57, 68
bath towels, 73
beef, 18
Bergh, Chip, 114
Bésame Cosmetics, 76
biking, 86, 88
biodegradable kitty litter, 53–54
blackout shades, 48
Blue Jeans: Environmental Aspects and Opportunities to Reduce the Environmental Impact (International Solid Waste Association), 114
Boody, 78
borosilicate, 4
BPA (Bisphenol A), 95
bread, 15–16
building construction and demolition waste, 40
bulk buying, 8, 9
C
candied citrus peel, 15
carbon, 20, 21
carbon dioxide, 85, 109, 114, 116
carbon disulfide, 102
carbon offsets, 91
carpeting, 42
carpooling, 87, 135
cat waste, 53–54
cell phones, 57
cellulose sponges, 32–33
Certified Frustration-Free Packaging program, Amazon, 46
CFLs (compact fluorescent light bulbs), 47
chlorine, 34, 36, 38, 80
Claudio, Luz, 101–2
cleaning cloths, 38
cleaning solutions, 30–31
climate change, viii, ix, xii, 19, 93
cloth bags, 8
cloth diapers, 72, 117–18
cloth napkins, 38
clothes dryers, 116
clotheslines, 116–17
clothing swaps, 107–9, 124
coffee drinks and grounds, 7
Colgate, 70
community, 123–31 cleanup, 127–28
composting, 125
curbside organic trash pickup, 129
donation drive, 128
gardens, 124–26
libraries, 128–31
littering, 126–27
recycling rules, 127
community centers, secondhand furniture and, 60
compost heap, xiv, 1, 7, 13, 18–21, 40, 54, 125
cooking. See food and cooking
cooking water killing weeds with, 33
reusing, 18
corn cob chowder, 15
Cornell University, 23
CORSIA, 92
cotton, 38, 102, 114 cleaning cloths, 31–32
organic, 109
pads, 77
totes, 11
washcloths, 73
crafts, using scraps for, 57–58
creeping herbs, 56
curbside organic trash pickup, 129
D
D5 (decamethylcyclopentasiloxane), 115
dairy cows, 18
delivery meals, 6–7
denim, 114
dental floss, 70–71
Dental Lace, 71
diapers, 72, 117–18
dish washing, 49
dishwashers, 49
dishwashing soap,
57
disposable diapers, 117–18
dog waste, 54
Donate My Dress, 106
donations to animal shelters, 130
donation drives, 128
of wardrobe, 105–6, 128
Dress for Success, 106, 128
drip irrigation, 36
drop cloths, 51
dry cleaning, 115
dyes, 40, 77, 110, 114
E
E. coli, 35
Earth911.com, 59
Elate Cosmetics, 76
electric toothbrushes, 69
electric vehicles, 88
Energy, US Department of, 47, 50, 88, 89, 90
Energy Star rating, 47, 49, 50
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), 19, 29, 40, 50, 57, 59, 66, 85, 101, 102
exercise, 78–81
exfoliating mask, 75
F
Fair Trade Certified, 109, 110
Faraday Face, 76
farmers’ markets, 14
fast fashion, 104
FDA (Food and Drug Administration), 23
Federal Transit Administration, 87
flooring, 42
flossing teeth, 70–71
fluoride, 34
food and cooking, xi, 1–24 (see also vegetables) baby food, homemade, 21–22, 131
bulk buying, 8, 9
coffee drinks and grounds, 7
compost heap, xiv, 1, 7, 13, 18–21, 40, 54, 125
food texture, 24
glass jars, 8–10
growing food, 13, 14
loose-leaf teas, 7–8
meat consumption, 9, 17–18
menu planning, 16
restaurant meals, 5–6
reusable bags, 10–13
scraps, 13–16, 18–21
sell-by date, 2, 22–23
shopping, 16