The Skull of Alum Bheg

by Kim A. Wagner

  Maude, F.C., Memories of the Mutiny, London and Sydney: Remington and Company Limited, 1894.

  Medley, J.G. Medley, A Year’s Campaigning in India, from March, 1857, to March, 1858, London: W. Thacker and Co., 1858

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  Norman, H. W., Delhi—1857: The Siege, Assault, and Capture, London and Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers, 1902.

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  Sleeman, W.H., On the Spirit of Military Discipline in our Native Indian Army, Calcutta: Bishop’s College Press, 1841.

  Smith, George, Stephen Hislop: Pioneer Missionary & Naturalist in Central India from 1844 to 1863, London, John Murray, 1888.

  Spry, H.H., Modern India: with Illustrations of the resources and Capabilities of Hindustan, 2 vols, London: Whittaker & Co., 1837.

  Stanley, Henry M., How I Found Livingstone: Travels, Adventures, and Discoveries in Central Africa, London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1871.

  ——— Coomassie and Magdala: The Story of Two British Campaigns in Africa, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1874.

  Stewart, C.E., Through Persia in Disguise: With Reminiscences of the Indian Mutiny, London: George Routledge & Sons, 1911.

  Thompson, E.J., The Other Side of the Medal, London: The Hogarth Press, 1925.

  Thorburn, S.S., Bannu: Our Afghan Frontier, London: Trübner & Co., 1876

  ——— The Punjab in Peace and War, Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons, 1904.

  Verne, Jules, The Steam House, part I: The Demon of Cawnpore & The Steam House, part II: Tigers and Traitors, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1881

  Vibart, Edward, The Sepoy Mutiny; as seen by a Subaltern from Delhi to Lucknow, London: Smith Elder and Co., 1898.

  Vijn, Cornelius, Cetshwayo’s Dutchman, Being the Private Journals of a White Trader in Zululand during the British Invasion, London: Longman’s, Green, and Co., 1880.

  Wilberforce, R.G., An Unrecorded Chapter of the Indian Mutiny, London: John Murray, 1894.

  Wilks, M., Historical Sketches of the South of India, in an Attempt to Trace the History of Mysoor, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1810.

  Woodthorpe, R.G., The Lushai Expedition, 1871–1872, London: Hurst and Blackett, 1873.

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  WORKS PUBLISHED AFTER 1947

  Alavi, Seema, The Sepoys and the Company: Tradition and Transition in Northern India 1770–1830, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1995.

  Alvarez, Jose E., The Betrothed of Death: The Spanish Foreign Legion During the Rif Rebellion, 1920–1927, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1995.

  Anderson, Clare, The Indian Uprising of 1857–8: Prisons, Prisoners and Rebellion, London: Anthem, 2007.

  Anderson, Clare, Subaltern Lives: Biographies of Colonialism in the Indian Ocean World, 1790–1920, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

  Bandyopadhay, P., Tulsi Leaves and the Ganges Water: The Slogan of the First Sepoy Mutiny at Barrackpore 1824, Kolkata: K. P. Bagchi and Co., 2003.

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  Bates, Crispin, ‘Some Thoughts on the Representation and Misrepresentation of the Colonial South Asian Labour Diaspora’, South Asian Studies, 33 (2017), pp. 7–22.

  Bayly, C.A., Empire & Information: Intelligence Gathering and Social Communication in India 1780–1870, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

  Bender, Cora, ‘“Transgressive Objects” in America: Mimesis and Violence in the Collection of Trophies during the Nineteenth Century Indian Wars’, Civil Wars, 11, 4 (Dec. 2009), pp. 502–13.

  Bhadra, Gautam, ‘Four rebels of Eighteen-Fifty-Seven, Ranajit Guha (ed.), Subaltern Studies 4, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1985, pp. 229–75, reprint: Guha, Ranajit and Spivak, G.C.(eds.), Selected Subaltern Studies, New York: 1988, pp. 129–75.

  Blunt, Alison, ‘Embodying war: British women and domestic defilement in the Indian ‘Mutiny’, 1857–8’, Journal of Historical Geography, 26, 3 (2000), pp. 403–28.

  Burrow, Merrick, ‘The Imperial Souvenir: Things and Masculinity in H. Rider Haggard’s King Solomon’s Mines and Allan Quartermain’, Journal of Victorian Culture, 18, 1 (2013), pp. 72–92.

  Chaudhuri, Nupur and Rajat Kanta Ray, ‘1857: Historical Works and Proclamations’, in Crispin Bates (ed.), Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857 Volume VI: Perception, Narration and Reinvention: The Pedagogy and Historiography of the Indian Uprising, London and New Delhi: Sage, 2014, pp. 19–30.

  Choudhury, D.K.L., ‘Sinews of Panic and the Nerves of Empire: The Imagined State’s Entanglement with Information Panic, India 1880–1912’, Modern Asian Studies, 38, 4 (Oct. 2004), pp. 965–1002.

  Condos, Mark, The Insecurity State: Punjab and the Making of Colonial Power in British India, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.

  Cooter, Roger, The Cultural Meaning of Popular Science: Phrenology and the Organization of Consent in Nineteenth-Century Britain, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

  Copland, Ian, ‘Christianity as an Arm of Empire: The Ambiguous Case of India under the Company, c. 1813–1858’, The Historical Journal (2006), pp. 1025–54.

  Dalrymple, William, The Last Mughal: The Fall of Delhi 1857, London: Bloomsbury, 2006.

  Darnton, Robert, The Great Cat Massacre and Other Episodes in French Cultural History, New York: Basic Books, 1984.

  Dasgupta, Sabyasachi, In Defence of Honour and Justice: Sepoy Rebellions in the Nineteenth Century, New Delhi: Primus Books, 2015.

  David, Saul, The Indian Mutiny, London: Viking, 2002.

  Davis, Natalie Zemon, The Return of Martin Guerre, Cambridge, Mass,: Harvard University Press, 1983.

  Devji, Faisal, ‘The Mutiny to Come’, New Literary History, 40, 2, India and the West (Spring 2009), pp. 411–430.

  Dixon, Thomas, Weeping Britannia: Portrait of a Nation in Tears, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.

  Dubow, Saul, A Commonwealth of Knowledge: Science, Sensibility, and White South Africa 1820–2000, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

  Edwardes, Michael, Red Year: The Indian Rebellion of 1857, London: Cardinal, 1975

  Ferguson, Niall, Empire: How Britain Made the Modern World, London: Penguin, 2003.

  Fischer-Tiné, Harald (ed.), Anxieties, Fear and Panic in Colonial Settings: Empires on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown, Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.

  Foucault, M., Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, London: Allen Lane, 1977.

  Fraser, George Macdonald, Flashman and the Great Game, London: Barrie and Jenkins, 1975.

  Gilpin, George H., Art of Contemporary English Culture, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 1991

  Ginzburg, Carlo, The Cheese and the Worms, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1980.

  Gott, R., Britain’s Empire: Resistance, Repression and Revolt, London: Verso, 2011.

  Green, N., Islam and the Army in Colonial India: Sepoy Religion in the Service of Empire, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

  Guha, R., Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency in Colonial India, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1983.
<
br />   ——— ‘The Prose of Counterinsurgency’, Subaltern Studies II. Delhi, 1983, pp. 1–42. Reprint: Guha, Ranajit and Spivak, G.C.(eds.), Selected Subaltern Studies, New York: 1988, pp. 45–88.

  Guha, Sumit, ‘An Indian Penal Regime: Maharashtra in the Eighteenth Century’, Past & Present, 147 (May 1995), pp. 101–26.

  Harrison, Simon, Dark Trophies: Hunting and the Enemy Body in Modern War, New York: Berghahn, 2012.

  Herbert, Christopher, War of No Pity: The Indian Mutiny and Victorian Trauma, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008.

  Hoover, James W., Men Without Hats: Dialogue, Discipline, and Discontent in the Madras Army 1806–1807, Delhi: Manohar, 2007.

  Hussain, Naser, The Jurisprudence of Emergency: Colonialism and the Rule of Law, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2003.

  Hynd, Stacey, Imperial Gallows: Capital Punishment, Violence and Colonial Rule in Britain’s African Territories c. 1903–1968, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

  Kapila, Shruti, ‘Race Matters: Orientalism and Religion, India and Beyond c. 1770—1880’, Modern Asian Studies, 41, 3 (2007), pp. 471–513.

  Kolff, Dirk H. A., Naukar, Rajput and Sepoy: The Ethno-history of the Military Labour Market in Hindustan, 1450–1850, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

  Kostal, R.W., A Jurisprudence of Power: Victorian Empire and the Rule of Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008

  Lalu, P., The Deaths of Hintsa: Postapartheid South Africa and the Shape of Recurring Pasts, Cape Town: HSRC Press, 2009.

  Larson, Frances, Severed: A History of Heads Lost and Found, London: Granta, 2015.

  Lovelace, Antonia, ‘War Booty: Changing Contexts, Changing Displays—Asante ‘Relics’ from Kumasi, Acquired by the Prince of Wales’s Own Regiment of Yorkshire in 1896’, Journal of Museum Ethnography, 12 (May 2000), pp. 147–60

  MacDonald, Helen, Human Remains: Dissection and Its Histories, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.

  Magnus, Philip, Kitchener: Portrait of an Imperialist, New York: E.P. Dutton & Co, 1968

  Major, Andrea, Sovereignty and Social Reform in India: British Colonialism and the Campaign Against Sati, 1830–60, Abingdon: Routledge, 2010.

  Metcalf, Thomas, The Aftermath of the Revolt: India 1857–1870, London: Oxford University Press, 1965.

  Mukherjee, Rudrangshu, Awadh in Revolt 1857–1858: A Study of popular Resistance, 1st ed. 1983, New Delhi: Permanent Black, 2001.

  ——— Mangal Pandey: Brave Martyr or Accidental Hero?, New Delhi: Penguin Books India, 2005.

  ——— ‘“Satan let loose upon the earth”: The Kanpur Massacres in India in the revolt of 1857’ Past and Present, 128 (Aug. 1990), pp. 92–116.

  ——— ‘The Kanpur Massacres in India in the Revolt of 1857: Reply’, Past & Present, 142 (Feb. 1994) pp. 178–189.

  Palmer, Patricia, The Severed Head and the Grafted Tongue: Literature, Translation, and Violence in Early Modern Ireland, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013

  Paton, Diana, ‘Punishment, Crime, and the Bodies of Slaves in Eighteenth-Century Jamaica’, Journal of Social History, 34, 4 (2001), pp. 923–54.

  Paxton, Nancy L., Writing Under the Raj: Gender, Race and Rape in the British Colonial Imagination, 1830–1947, New Brunswick: Rutgers U.P., 1999.

  Peckham, R. (ed.), Empires of Panic: Epidemics and Colonial Anxieties, Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2015.

  Peers, Douglas M., ‘“The Habitual Nobility of Being”: British Officers and the Social Construction of the Bengal Army in the Early Nineteenth Century’, Modern Asian Studies, 25, 3 (Jul., 1991), pp. 545–569.

  Penfold-Mounce, Ruth, ‘Consuming Criminal Corpses: Fascination with the Dead Criminal Body’, Mortality, 15, 3 (2010), pp. 250–65.

  Ray, Rajat Kanta Ray, The Felt Community: Commonality and mentality before the emergence of Indian Nationalism, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2003.

  Rizvi, S. A. A. and M. L. Bhargava (eds.), Freedom Struggle in Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow: Publications Bureau, 1957–61.

  Roberts, Andrew, A History of the English-Speaking Peoples since 1900, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2006.

  Robinson, Frances, Angels of Albion: Women of the Indian Mutiny, London: Viking, 1996.

  Roque, Ricardo, Headhunting and Colonialism: Anthropology and the Circulation of Human Skulls in the Portuguese Empire, 1870–1930, Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

  ——— ‘Stories, Skulls, and Colonial Collections, Configurations, 19, 1 (Winter 2011), pp. 1–23.

  ——— ‘Mimesis and Colonialism: Emerging Perspectives on a Shared History’, History Compass, 13,4 (April 2015), pp. 201–211.

  Roy, Kaushik (ed.), 1857 Uprising: A Tale of an Indian Warrior (Translated from Durgadas Bandopadhyay’s Amar Jivancharit), Delhi: Anthem Press, 2008.

  Roy, Tapti, ‘Visions of the Rebels: A study of 1857 in Bundelkhand’, Modern Asian Studies, 27, 1, (Feb. 1993), pp. 205–228.

  ——— The Politics of a Popular Uprising: Bundelkhand in 1857, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1994.

  ——— ‘Rereading the Texts: Rebel Writings in 1857–58’, in Sabyasachi Bhattacharya (ed.), Rethinking 1857, New Delhi: Orient Longman, 2007, pp. 221–36;

  Safadi, Alison, ‘From Sepoy to Subadar/Khvab-o-Khayal and Douglas Craven Phillott’, The Annual of Urdu Studies, 25 (2010), pp. 42–65.

  Sharpe, Jenny, Allegories of Empire: The Figure of Woman in the Colonial Text, Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis Press, 1993.

  Sherman, Taylor, ‘Tensions of Colonial Punishment: Perspectives on Recent Developments in the Study of Coercive Networks in Asia, Africa and the Caribbean’, History Compass, 7, 3 (2009), pp. 659–77.

  Singh, Gajendra, ‘Finding Those Men with Guts: The Ascription and Re-Ascription of Martial Identities in India after the Uprising’, in Crispin Bates and Gavin Rand (eds.), Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857, Vol. 4: Military Aspects of the Indian Uprising, London and New Delhi: Sage, 2013, pp. 113–34.

  ——— The Testimonies of Indian Soldiers and the Two World Wars: Between Self and Sepoy, London and New York: Bloomsbury, 2014.

  Singha, Radhika, A Despotism of Law: Crime and Justice in Early Colonial India, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1998.

  Stokes, Eric (C. A. Bayly ed.), The Peasant Armed: The Indian Rebellion of 1857, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.

  Stoler, Ann Laura, Along the Archival Grain: Epistemic Anxieties and Colonial Common Sense, Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2009.

  Tarlow, Sarah, ‘Curious Afterlives: The Enduring Appeal of the Criminal Corpse’, Mortality, 21, 3 (2016), pp. 210–28.

  Taussig, Michael, Shamanism, Colonialism, and the Wild Man: A Study in Terror and Healing, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1987.

  Tharoor, Shashi, Inglorious Empire: What the British Did to India, London: Hurst, 2017.

  Vann, Michael G., ‘Of Pirates, Postcards, and Public Beheadings: The Pedagogic Execution in French Colonial Indochina, Historical Reflections/Reflexions Historiques, 36, 2 (2010), pp. 39–58.

  Wagner, Kim A., Thuggee—Banditry and the British in Early Nineteenth-Century India, Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies, Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2007.

  ——— The Great Fear of 1857: Rumours, Conspiracies and the Making of the Indian Uprising, Oxford: Peter Lang Oxford, 2010.

  ——— ‘Calculated to Strike Terror: The Amritsar Massacre and the Spectacle of Colonial Violence’, Past & Present, 233, 1 (November, 2016), pp. 185–225.

  ——— ‘Treading Upon Fires’: The ‘Mutiny’-Motif and Colonial Anxieties in British India’, Past & Present, 218, 1 (February, 2013), pp. 159–97.

  ——— ‘The Marginal Mutiny: The New Historiography of the Indian Uprising of 1857’, History Compass, 9, 10 (Oct. 2011), pp. 760–66.

  ——— ‘Confessions of a Skull: Phrenology and Colonial Knowledge in early nineteenth-century India’
, History Workshop Journal, 69 (Spring, 2010), pp. 28–51.

  ——— ‘“In Unrestrained Conversation”: Approvers and the Colonial Ethnography of Crime in nineteenth-century India’, in Roque, Ricardo and Kim A. Wagner (eds.) Engaging Colonial Knowledge: Reading European Archives in World History, Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series, Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2011), pp. 135–62.

  ——— (co-written with Gavin Rand), ‘Recruiting the ‘Martial Races’: Identities and Military Service in Colonial India’, Patterns of Prejudice, 46, 3–4 (2012), pp. 232–54.

  ——— ‘Seeing Like a Soldier: The Amritsar Massacre and the Politics of Military History’, in Martin Thomas and Gareth Curless (ed.), Decolonization and Conflict: Colonial Comparisons and Legacies, London: Bloomsbury, 2017, pp. 23–37.

  Ward, Andrew, Our Bones are Scattered: the Cawnpore Massacre and the Mutiny of 1857, London: John Murray, 1996.

  Ward, Richard (ed.), A Global History of Execution and the Criminal Corpse, Basingstoke: Palgrave 2015.

  Webb, Denver A., ‘War, Racism, and the Taking of Heads: Revisiting Military Conflict in the Cape Colony and Western Xhosaland in the Nineteenth Century’, The Journal of African History, 56, 1 (March 2015), pp. 37–55.

  White, Luise, ‘The Traffic in Heads: Bodies, Borders and the Articulation of Regional Histories’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 23, 2 (1997), pp. 325–38.

  Winnans, Edgar V., ‘The Head of the King: Museums and the Path to Resistance’, Comparative studies in Society and History, 36, 2 (April 1994), pp. 221–41.

  Wood, Amy Louise, Lynching and Spectacle: Witnessing Racial Violence in America, 1890–1940, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2009.

  van Wyhe, John, Phrenology and the Origins of Victorian Scientific Naturalism, Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004.

  Yang, Anand A., ‘Disciplining “Natives”: Prisons and Prisoners in Early Nineteenth Century India, South Asia, 10, 2 (1987), 29–46.

  UNPUBLISHED

  Smith, Jacob Ramsay, ‘Imperial Retribution: The hunt for Nana Sahib and rebel leaders in the aftermath of the Indian “Mutiny” of 1857’, unpublished PhD thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2017.

  Willcock, Sean, ‘The Aesthetics of Imperial Crisis: Image Making and Intervention in British India, c. 1857–1919’, unpublished PhD thesis, University of York, 2013.