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The Skull of Alum Bheg

Page 36

by Kim A. Wagner


  on Boyle, 90

  death of father, 110–11, 120, 127, 243

  hill stations, trips to, 27

  and Lahore, evacuation to, 88

  return to England, 217

  sowars, protection by, 113, 120, 122–3, 124

  Graham, William, 153, 219

  Grand Trunk road, 12

  grapeshot, 139

  greased cartridges, 37–50, 58–63, 74, 75

  Great Game, 170

  Greenwood, Staff-sergeant, 94

  Guha, Ranajit, 8

  Guise, Dr, 108–9, 123, 149

  Gujranwala, Punjab, 12, 13, 69, 86, 104, 105

  Gujrat, Punjab, 12, 16, 76, 92, 146

  Gurdaspur, Punjab, 12, 109, 124, 134, 135, 136, 138, 144

  Gurkhas, 230

  Hamlet (Shakespeare), 224

  hangings, 69, 83, 89, 118, 145, 151–3, 156, 159–60, 177

  Hatch, Duane Spencer, 213

  havildars, 14, 16, 37

  Hay, William, 165

  headhunting, 197–8

  Hearsey, John Bennet, 110–15, 122

  Heart of Darkness (Conrad), 1, 214

  Hedayut Ali, 7, 23, 25, 26, 46, 53, 55, 57, 58

  Highlanders, 196, 199

  Hill States, 127, 165

  hill stations, 27, 106–7

  Hill, R.A., 85, 94, 117, 150–51

  Himalayas, 11, 82, 144, 169–72, 187

  Hinduism, 13, 15, 16, 18–19, 20–23, 79–82

  caste, see under caste

  and Christianity, 52, 53, 80

  dietary rules, 18, 19, 21, 40, 47–9, 56, 57–60, 74, 79–80

  festivals, 19, 75

  funeral rites, 20, 57, 147, 176, 178–9

  Ganges river, 20–21, 22, 79

  kala pani, 20–23

  shrines, 19

  syncretism, 19

  Hindustanis, 16, 94, 100, 121, 135, 146, 151–2, 166–7, 186

  Hintsa kaKhawuta, Xhosa king, 196

  Hodson, William Stephen Raikes, 159

  Holy Trinity Church, Sialkot, 13, 29, 53

  Horse Artillery, 67

  Hoshiapur, Punjab Province, 134

  hot season, 11, 27, 71, 72

  ‘Hottentot Venus’, 207

  Household Words, 183

  Hunter Memorial Church, Sialkot, 221, 222

  Hunter, Jane, xix, 3, 7, 27–30, 34, 66, 68, 72, 150

  death, xix, 3, 119–20, 125, 128–30, 131–2, 149, 162, 173, 202

  grave, 221–2

  Hill’s house, refuge at, 94, 117, 118, 150

  and Lahore, evacuation to, 87, 91

  Hunter, Robert, 217–18

  Hunter, Thomas, 6–7, 34, 66, 68, 71, 72, 91, 150

  death, xix, 3, 119–20, 125, 129–30, 131–2, 149, 173, 202

  Gordons, relations with, 29, 86, 91

  grave, 221–2

  Hill’s house, refuge at, 94, 117, 118, 150, 151

  and Lahore, evacuation to, 86, 87, 91

  mission, 27–30, 51, 52, 53, 69

  Huxley, Thomas Henry, 215

  Indian and Colonial Exhibition (1866), 215

  Indo-Gangetic Plain, 13, 16

  ‘Inspector Strickland’ (Kipling), 121

  Iraq, 214

  Ireland, 4, 27, 191, 201 Rebellion (1798), 192

  Islam, 4, 13, 15, 16, 19, 56, 79–82

  and Christianity, 51, 53, 80

  Koran, 22, 79, 80

  festivals, 19, 75

  funeral rites, 176, 179

  and pork, 40, 80, 180

  Ramadan, 15

  Sufism, 19

  syncretism, 19

  Ismael, Mohamet, 29, 125

  izzat, 26

  Jallandahr, Punjab, 134

  Jamaica, 203, 215

  Jameson, James S., 206–7

  Jammu, 12, 27, 148, 162–3, 169, 222

  Jamuna river, 16, 199

  Jandiala, Punjab, 97

  Jantje, Luka, 208–9

  Japan, 214

  Jasrota, Jammu, 162–3

  jemadar, 15

  Jesus and Mary convent, Sialkot, 13, 29, 95, 98, 120, 125, 126

  Jhansi, North-Western Provinces, xx, 99, 133

  Jhelum, Punjab, 12, 92, 93, 97, 102, 126, 141, 144

  Jhelum river, 77, 97

  Jones, Assistant Commissioner, 65, 68, 70, 71, 93, 94, 95, 117–19

  Jungle Book (Kipling), 158

  kala pani, 20–23

  Kallianwala Ku, Ajnala, 223

  Kangra District, Punjab, 164

  Karachi, Sindh, 4

  Kashmir, 12, 148, 157, 162, 165, 168–9, 171, 222

  Kaurik, 169

  Kaye, John W., 156, 181–2, 183, 220

  Kenya, 214

  khalasi, 39, 40

  Khan, Ahmed, 7, 45–6, 52, 54, 60, 61, 133

  Khan, Hurmat, 101–2, 125, 132, 153, 187, 202

  capture of, 222–3

  Hunters, killing of, 119, 129–30, 132, 223

  Monckton, relations with, 101, 130, 152

  reward for capture, 153, 222

  Khan, Mainodin Hassan, 25, 35, 42, 47, 99

  Khan, Subhan, 130

  khansamahs, 103, 146

  Kildare Street Club, Dublin, 191

  Kilmarnock caps, 15, 136

  ‘Kim’ (Kipling), 121

  Kipling, Rudyard, 121, 158, 161, 172, 222

  Kissen, Ram, 42

  Kitchener, Horatio Herbert, 209–11

  Knox, G., 169–71

  Knox, Robert, 196, 206

  Koran, 22

  Korean War (1950–53), 214

  kotes, 43, 44, 106, 241

  Kotwali, 101, 219

  Kucha Chelan, Delhi, 219

  Kuka sect, Namdharis, 203

  Kullu Valley, 165, 169

  Kumasi, Ashanti, 206

  Ladakh, 169

  Lahore, Punjab, 12, 27, 31, 37, 151, 153

  evacuation to, 67, 71, 72, 85–8, 90, 91, 94, 109, 119, 149

  executions, 89

  rebel advance on, 85, 134, 135

  telegraph, 12

  Lakshmi Bai, 133

  Landour, Himalayas, 27, 88

  Lawrence, John, 27, 63, 90, 180, 184

  Lawrence, Richard, 27, 88, 151, 152, 153, 155

  Leh, Ladakh, 169

  local dress, disguise in, 72, 121

  The Lord Clyde, Walmer, xix–xxi, 3, 5, 223

  ‘Lost Legion, The’ (Kipling), 161, 172

  Lucknow, Awadh, 150, 193, 198, 247

  Lushai campaign (1871–72), 197–8

  Madame Tussauds, 172

  Madhopur, Punjab, 135, 166–8

  Madras Presidency, 55–6, 177

  Mahdi (Muhammad Ahmad bin Abd Allah), 209–13

  Majendie, Vivian Dering, 159

  Malaya Emergency (1948–60), 214

  Mall, Shah, 192–3, 203

  Manchester Guardian, The, 210

  Maori people, 205, 215, 224

  Marathas, 176, 177

  martial law, 158

  ‘martial races’, 213

  Martineau, Edward, 20, 48–50

  martyrdom, 73, 81, 82

  Mashone people, 208

  Master, John, 121

  Matabele people, 208

  Mau Mau Uprising (1952–60), 214

  McMahon, C.A., 33

  fugitives, hunt for, 162–3

  on Hunters, murder of, 129

  Monckton house, refuge at, 71, 93, 94, 117

  and plundering, 151

  and prayer meetings, 69

  uprising, 117–20, 123, 125

  Meean Meer, Punjab, 154, 157

  Meerut, North-Western Provinces, 16, 47

  Mrs Chambers, killing of, 101

  greased cartridges dispute, 40, 59, 61–2

  prison break, 100

  telegraph, 66

  uprising (1857), 31, 34, 35, 62, 63, 66, 97, 98, 102

  memento mori, 198

  memsahibs, 13, 128

  Metcalfe, Charles, 155

  Minié bullets, 38

  missionaries, 27–8, 50
–53, 69, 186–7, 217–22

  see also American Presbyterians; Church of Scotland

  Missur, Maharaj, 107

  Monckton, Henry, 13, 32–4, 71, 93, 94, 117, 119, 124, 221

  illness, 13, 117

  and The Lord Clyde, 223

  preaching, suspension of, 31

  punishment of rebels, 153

  Sikh levy, raising of, 68–9

  Montgomerie, Lieutenant, 102–4, 105

  Montgomery, Robert, 180

  Morant Bay Rebellion (1865), 203

  Morley, John, 210

  Morning Post, The, 5

  Morocco, 214

  Morris, William, 215

  Mounted Police, 117, 151

  Moveable Column, 67, 77–8, 91, 93, 98, 134, 137–48

  Mughal Empire (1526–1857), 18, 62, 66, 73, 76, 78, 79–83, 99, 122

  Bahadur Shah, imprisonment and trial of, 159, 219

  cannon executions, 176

  proclamations and letters from, 78–83, 99, 102

  sepoy allegiance to, 79–83, 133, 134, 148

  warrior gentlemen, 229

  Mughal, Mirza, 78

  Mukherjee, Rudrangshu, 8

  Multan, Punjab, 161, 172

  Munro, Hector, 177

  muskets, 14, 15, 20, 33, 37–50, 58–63, 72, 75, 138, 139

  Nagode State (1344–1950), 46

  Nana Sahib, xx, 133, 157–8, 169, 172, 193

  Napoleonic Wars (1803–15), 37

  Natural History Museum, London, 3

  Neill, James, 179

  Nepal, 169, 230

  Netherlands, 204, 207

  New Zealand, 205, 215, 224

  Nicholson, John, 77, 153

  55th BNI, pursuit of, 161

  death, 220–21

  Delhi, assault on, 220

  disarmament of sepoys, 77, 97

  freebooter, beheading of, 191–2

  post, interception of, 77

  and punishment, 90, 156, 158

  reputation, 89, 90, 92, 158

  Trimmu Ghat, battle of, 137–8, 140, 142–8, 173

  North-West Frontier, 12, 213–14

  Northern Ireland, 6

  Nully, Hospital Sergeant, 247

  Nurpur, Punjab, 134

  Nutteree, Punjab, 136

  Omdurman, battle of (1898), 209, 211–12

  Ommaney, Lieutenant, 145

  Opium War, Second (1856–60), 170

  Oude, see Awadh

  Oxfordshire Regiment, 52nd, 13–14, 67, 70, 125, 135, 138–48, 186, 188

  Pacific War (1941–5), 214

  Pakistan, 223

  Palkhu creek, 12, 114, 119, 221

  Pandey, Mangal, 45, 141

  Parsis, 122

  Pashtuns, 101, 140, 144

  Pasrur, Punjab, 109

  Pathans, see Pashtuns

  Pattern 1842 muskets, 15, 37, 38

  Pattern 1853 muskets, 37–50, 58–63, 72, 75, 79, 139

  Persia, 74, 170, 176

  Peshawar, Punjab, 12, 37, 39, 50, 67, 75

  execution of sepoys, 90, 178, 180, 181, 183

  Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 73, 86

  Philippines, 259

  Phillaur, Punjab, 164

  Phrenological Society of Edinburgh, 193

  Phrenological Society of London, 194

  phrenology, 194–204

  pilgrims, 76, 164–5

  pirs, 19

  Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford, 2

  Plassey, battle of (1757), 73–4

  plundering, 100, 113, 120–22, 134–5, 143, 151, 163, 165

  policing, 12, 33, 69, 94, 100–101, 111, 117, 118, 151–2

  pollution of foodstuff, 48, 59–60, 74, 78

  Portugal, 207, 214

  poshteens, 56

  Presbyterianism, 6, 13, 29, 30–34, 35, 51

  Primrose League, 211

  Princep, Arthur H., 95, 103, 104–5, 117, 126

  prisons, 62, 100–101, 117–19, 121, 151–2

  Protestantism, 27

  Public Record Office, Northern Ireland, 6

  Pucka Road, 109, 111

  Punch, 205

  Punjab, 11, 12, 16, 27, 66–7, 89

  annexation of (1849), 24, 53

  missionaries, 27–34, 50–53

  and Purbiyas (Easterners), 70–71, 75, 121

  Punjab Infantry Regiment, 3rd, 137

  Punjab Infantry Regiment, 6th, 137

  Punjab School of Musketry, 37–8, 41, 47

  Purbiyas, 16, 25, 47, 70–71, 75, 101, 121, 134, 152, 153

  purdah, 54

  rain season, 134, 144

  Rajghat gate, Delhi, 220

  Rajputs, 16, 18, 22, 57, 58

  Ram, Sita, 7

  Ramadan, 15

  Ramadeen, Subadar, 166

  Ranbir Singh, Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, 168, 169

  Rangoon, Burma, 21

  Rani of Jhansi, xx

  Raniganj, Bengal, 42

  Ranjit Singh, Sikh Maharaja, 13

  rape, xx, 113, 128, 131, 156–7, 203

  Ravi river, 134–5, 138, 142, 144, 147, 148, 157, 162, 167, 224

  Rawalpindi, Punjab Province, 191

  Ray, Thomas B., 202–3

  Red Fort, Delhi, 62

  Redmond, William, 212

  Rewa State (c.1790–1948), 46

  Rich, Gregory, 227

  Riel, Louis, 215

  Rif War (1920–26), 214

  Rissaldar, 151–2, 154

  Robert, Andrew, 8–9

  Roberts, Frederick, 1st Earl Roberts, 182, 183

  Rohilkhand, 229

  Roy, Tapti, 8

  Royal College of Surgeons, London, 197, 205, 210

  Royal Dragoon Guards Museum, York, 5

  Royal United Service Institution, Whitehall, 6

  Russell, William Henry, 172, 179–80, 181, 199, 209

  Russell, William Howard, 165

  Russia, 74, 170

  sadhus, 76–7

  Sahabad, Bihar, 58

  Salt Department, 59

  sati, 54, 178

  Satichaura Ghat, Cawnpore, 199

  Saunders, J.B., 110–15, 132

  ‘savage warfare’, 197

  Saya San Rebellion (1931), 214

  Scotland, 4, 6, 27–8, 66

  Scott, Brother, 33, 85, 150, 186, 187

  sepoys, 13, 14

  batta, 21, 24

  bhang, 45, 140–41

  caste, 17, 18, 20–23, 39–42, 44, 46, 47, 49–50, 55

  and corporal punishment, 56–7

  daily routine, 14–15

  disarmament of, see under disarmament

  and Enfield cartridges, 37–50, 58–63, 74, 75, 79

  family, attachment to, 16–17, 18, 20

  and foodstuff, pollution of, 48, 59–60, 74

  as fugitives, 161–73

  furlough, 17–18

  izzat, 26

  kala pani, 20–23

  living arrangements, 19–20

  promotion, 23–4

  recruitment, 4, 17–18, 22–3, 26

  religious beliefs, 18–19, 20–23, 56

  salary, 16–17, 24

  Sita Ram, 7

  social status, 17–18, 19

  subaltern prosopography, 8

  uniforms, 15, 19, 55–6

  weapons, 15

  villages, attachment to, 16–17, 19, 25

  servants, 13, 32–3, 99

  execution of, 152–3

  loyalty of, 32–3, 130

  preaching to, 30

  punishment of, 152–3

  and rumours, 74

  uprising (1857), 101, 104, 109–14, 117, 120, 121–2, 125, 130

  sexual violence, xx, 113, 128, 131, 203

  Shabqadar, Punjab, 75

  Shahpur, Punjab, 69, 77

  Shakespeare, William, 224

  Sharpe, J.E., 247

  Shaw, George Bernard, 210

  Shere Singh, Sikh Maharajah, 82

  Sialkot, Punjab

  American Presbyterian mission, see under American Presbyterians
>
  bungalows, 11, 12, 26

  Church of Scotland mission, see under Church of Scotland

  courthouse, 12, 101, 123

  destruction of, 150

  European population, 13, 26–34, 65–74

  fort, 12, 94, 103–107, 109, 111, 117, 118, 121–5, 127, 130, 151

  Hearsey mansion, 110–15, 122

  Holy Trinity Church, 13, 29, 53

  hot season, 11, 27

  Hunter Memorial Church, 221

  jail, 12, 100–101, 117–19, 121, 131, 151–2

  Jesus and Mary convent, 13, 29, 95, 98, 120, 125, 126

  military station, 12, 13, 124

  musketry school, 37–8, 41, 47–8, 63

  old city, 12, 13

  Palkhu creek, 12, 114, 119, 221

  plundering, 100, 113, 120–22, 134, 135, 143, 151, 163, 165

  police barracks, 12

  St James Church, 13, 29

  Sudder Bazaar, 12, 13, 29, 53, 55, 94, 95, 109, 121, 122, 123

  Sufi shrines, 19

  treasury, 12, 120, 121, 123, 134

  warning note, 85

  signal gun, 137, 146

  Sikhs, 13, 16, 24, 58, 71, 82, 171, 230

  Anglo-Sikh War, First (1845–46), 230

  Anglo-Sikh War, Second (1848–49), 12, 13, 53, 146, 230

  Kallianwala Ku, 223

  khaki uniforms, 137

  Kuka sect, Namdharis, 203

  levies, 68, 104, 117, 118, 119, 123, 152, 157

  Sikh Kingdom (1799–1849), 12, 13, 24, 53, 146

  treasury guard, 167

  Trimmu Ghat, battle of, 136, 137, 142, 143, 145

  Simla, 127, 165, 169

  Sindh, conquest of (1843), 24

  Singh, Gholab, Raja of Jammu, 148

  Singh, Issuree, 42

  Singh, Jemadar Sewbuccus, 41–2

  Singh, Mirwan, 139

  Singh, Ranbir, Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, 168, 169

  Singh, Ranjit, Sikh Maharaja, 13

  Singh, Sirdar Teja, 12

  slavery, 192

  Sleeman, William H., 16–17, 23, 57, 76

  smallpox, 215

  Smith, Mr, 108–9, 123

  smoothbore muskets, 138

  South Africa, 195–7, 201, 204–5, 207–9, 212–13, 215, 224

  Southampton, Hampshire, 217

  sowars, see Bengal Light Cavalry

  Spanish Foreign Legion, 214

  Sphere, The, 6, 226

  Spiti Valley, 169–71

  Spry, Henry Harpur, 194–5, 206

  St James Church, Sialkot, 13, 29

  Stanley, Edward, 184

  Stanley, Henry Morton, 204, 206–8

  Stevenson, E.H., 71, 73, 85, 87

  ‘stiff upper lip’, 68, 158

  Stokes, Eric, 8

  subaltern prosopography, 8

  Sudan, 209–12

  Sudder Bazaar, 12, 13, 29, 53, 55, 94, 95, 109, 121, 122, 123

  Sufism, 19

  sunstroke, 138

  Swat valley, 161

  Swift, Indian convert, 85

  Tantia Tope, 198, 256

  Tanzania, 197

  Taylor, Meadows, 7

  telegraph, 12, 31, 65–6, 75

  Temple Bar, London, 197, 206

  Terai, 169

  Tharoor, Shashi, 9

  ‘Thugs’, 7, 121, 155, 158, 163, 177–8, 179, 194, 195

 

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