Waterloo: The True Story of Four Days, Three Armies and Three Battles

by Bernard Cornwell

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  Glover, Gareth, Letters from the Battle of Waterloo (London, Greenhill Books, 2004)

  _______ The Waterloo Archive, vol. I, British Sources (Barnsley, Frontline Books, 2010)

  _______ The Waterloo Archive, vol. II, German Sources (Barnsley, Frontline Books, 2010)

  _______ The Waterloo Archive, vol. III, British Sources (Barnsley, Frontline Books, 2011)

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  Haydon, Benjamin Robert, The Diary of Benjamin Robert Haydon, 1808–1846 (Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1960)

  Haythornthwaite, Philip J., The Napoleonic Source Book (New York, Facts on File, 1990)

  _______ Redcoats: The British Soldiers of the Napoleonic Wars (Barnsley, Pen and Sword, 2012)

  _______ The Waterloo Armies: Men, Organization & Tactics (Barnsley, Pen and Sword, 2007)

  _______ Weapons and Equipment of the Napoleonic Wars (Poole, Blandford Press, 1979)

  _______ Who Was Who in the Napoleonic Wars (London, Arms and Armour Press, 1998)

  Hibbert, Christopher, Wellington: A Personal History (London, HarperCollins, 1997)

  Hofschröer, Peter, 1815, The Waterloo Campaign: Wellington, his German Allies and the Battles of Ligny and Quatre Bras (London, Greenhill Books, 1998)

  Holmes, Richard, Redcoat: The British Soldier in the Age of Horse and Musket (London, HarperCollins, 2001)

  _______ Wellington: The Iron Duke (London, HarperCollins, 2002)

  Hooper, George, Waterloo: The Downfall of the First Napoleon: A History of the Campaign of 1815 (London, Smith, Elder, 1862)

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  Johnston, R. M. and Philip Haythornthwaite, In the Words of Napoleon: The Emperor Day by Day (London, Greenhill Books, 2002)

  Keegan, John, The Face of Battle (London, Jonathan Cape, 1976)

  _______ The Mask of Command (New York, Viking, 1987)

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  INDEX

  The page numbers in this index relate to the printed version of this book; they do not match the pages of your ebook. You can use your ebook reader’s search tool to find a specific word or passage.

  1st Corps (d’Erlon) 74, 181, 274, 277

  1st Foot Guards 32, 95, 97, 238, 267, 297

  1st Life Guards 143

  2nd Life Guards 335

  4th Chasseurs 299, 300, 301, 327

  7th Chasseurs 24

  7th Hussars 117, 143

  14th Foot (Bedfordshire) 243, 263, 264, 319

  15th Hussars 143

  18th Hussars 271, 296, 304, 335

  28th Foot (Gloucester) 62, 89, 102, 185

  30th Foot (Cambridgeshire) 91, 265, 266, 292, 293

  30th Regiment of the Line 69, 70, 295

  32nd (Cornwall) 84, 190, 324

  33rd 95, 96, 266, 293, 295, 296

  40th (Somersetshire) 335

  42nd Highlanders 62, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 92, 94, 95, 204

  42nd Highlanders, Black Watch 85, 86, 98

  44th (East Essex) 90, 91, 94, 98

  45th Regiment of the Line 197

  51st Yorkshire 32, 108, 242, 243, 245, 263

  52nd Oxfordshire Light 6, 32, 229, 230, 231, 266, 267, 268, 278, 290, 300, 301, 302, 306, 326, 327, 328, 329, 346, 347

  69th (Lincolnshire) 94, 95, 96, 98, 293, 295

  71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot 236, 246, 301, 306

  73rd Highlanders (Black Watch) 95, 106, 269, 293

 
92nd Gordon Highlanders 88, 92, 96, 143, 169, 190, 192, 194, 304, 328

  95th Rifles 6, 48, 61, 62, 83, 84, 86, 89, 94, 111, 135, 222, 223, 271, 303, 335, 344

  Adam, General Sir Frederick 135, 290, 297, 300, 301, 328

  Adkin, Mark 167

  Álava y Esquivel, General Don Miguel Ricardo de 44, 45, 126

  Alexander I, Czar of Russia 10, 23, 36, 126

  Alexander the Great 20

  allied advance/victory 302–304

  Antwerp 123, 124, 315

  l’Armee du Nord 25, 27, 40, 42, 48, 73

  artillery

  British guns 171

  canister 67, 84, 184, 185, 186, 187, 218, 233, 237, 240, 241, 246, 252, 263, 264, 271, 279, 290, 293, 296, 306

  French guns 167–8

  howitzers 162, 167, 169, 171, 216, 221, 277

  shells 171–2

  technique 137, 165–70

  Augereau, Marshal 20

  Austria 6, 21, 22, 23

  Bachelu, General 251, 252, 253, 286, 287, 290

  battlefield, description of 10–12

  Batty, Ensign Robert 32, 97, 98

  Belle Alliance, La 10, 138, 139, 148, 151, 216, 247, 302, 306, 319

  Bernard, Baron Simon 19, 192, 193

  Berthier, Marshal 26

  Black Legion (Brunswick)

  85, 86, 87

  Blücher, Prince Gebhard Leberecht von 7, 28–30, 34, 40, 42, 50, 51, 53–8, 65, 66, 106–9, 112–13, 120, 125–8, 136, 140, 146–50, 164, 168, 173–5, 218–20, 314, 317–19, 326, 330–4, 341, 348

  Ligny, at 68, 74–6, 78, 82–3, 99

  ‘Marschall Vorwärts’ 28, 58

  Plancenoit 250, 271, 280–1, 288, 306

  Prussian arrival at Waterloo 248–50

  race to join Wellington 148–50, 174–5, 206, 218–19

  retirement 341

  unhorsed/injury 74, 78

  Waterloo, at 248–50, 257, 271, 273, 276, 277, 288, 306

  Bonaparte, Jérôme 99, 156, 157, 158, 159, 161, 176, 216

  Bonaparte, Napoleon

  1814 campaign 25–28

  Désirée (horse) 114

  early life 19

  Bonaparte, Napoleon cont.

  escape from Elba 17–18

  exile to St Helena 339

  left flank 158

  preparations for war 24–27

  retreat to Paris 317

  return to Paris from Elba 18–20

  right flank 7, 173, 175, 219, 274, 286

  violets as symbol 18, 37

  Bossu Wood 82, 83, 85, 91, 94, 95, 97, 98

  Braine l’Alleud 140

  Brigade of Guards 290, 296, 297, 298

  British–Dutch army 6, 53, 54, 61–5, 67, 76, 106, 113, 115, 117, 121–3, 127, 136, 138, 140, 145, 148, 156, 158, 165–7, 169, 175, 176, 183, 193, 201, 217–19, 231, 233, 248, 251, 253, 257, 259, 263, 264, 266, 269, 277, 286, 288–9, 315, 324

  Brown Bess 141–2, 151

  Brunswick, Duke of 86, 100, 101

  Brunswickers 83, 86, 87, 100, 243, 270

  Brussels 10–12, 23, 30, 31, 39–46, 48, 49, 53, 55, 57, 61–3, 82, 96, 106–7, 110, 123–4, 136, 174, 181, 189, 196, 198–9, 223–4, 238, 250, 258, 265, 269, 289, 306, 323, 329, 335

  Brye, village of 65, 82, 330, 331

  windmill 65, 82, 330, 331

  Bülow, General von 40, 75, 149, 173, 248–9, 271, 273–4, 279, 331

  Busaco, battle of 63–64, 70, 81

  Butler, Lady 193, 194, 201

  Bylandt’s Brigade, Count 170, 188, 189, 191, 194

  Cambronne, General Pierre 305, 306, 309

  Cameron, Colonel 96–97

  Campbell, Sir Neil 16, 17, 22

  Castlereagh, Lord 16, 17, 21, 23

  casualties, total 324

  Charleroi 11–12, 41–2, 47–9, 50–5, 258, 265, 288, 316

  Chasseurs of the Guard 297, 299, 301

  Clay, Private Matthew 135, 141, 162, 163, 209, 221

  Colborne, Sir John 300, 301, 303, 306, 327

  Colour-Sergeants 190

  column and line, fighting deployment 69–70, 183

  Colville, Sir John 267, 326, 327, 328, 341

  controversy, historical 329–32

  Costello, Edward (Rifleman) 86, 89, 111, 124, 223, 323, 341, 345, 346

  crisis of the battle, the 217, 332

  crops, obstacle on battlefield 11, 47, 48, 64, 82, 83, 85, 94, 95, 109, 139, 169, 185, 186, 188, 235, 285, 289, 303

  cuirassiers 88, 90, 92, 95, 96, 98, 101, 117, 145, 172, 182, 187, 192, 199–201, 215, 222, 232, 235–6, 238–9, 242–3, 244, 253, 255, 263, 269, 278, 322, 325, 335

  Davout, Marshal 27

  Deacon, Martha 105–6, 111

  dead, disposal of the 325

  de Lancey, Colonel William 314, 315

  Delort, Lieutenant-General 232

  Duthilt, Captain 184, 186, 189, 191, 192, 197, 233

  Dyle, River 115, 250, 288

  Elba 8, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 27, 114, 192, 347

  d’Erlon, Count 66, 68–9, 72, 73, 74, 76, 99, 128, 170, 172, 176, 181–5, 200–1, 208, 212, 215, 217, 231, 248, 258–9, 286–7, 293, 299, 328, 340

  Ewart, Sergeant Charles 197, 198, 199, 205, 213, 222

  Foy, General 119, 152, 159, 172, 242, 251, 252, 253, 286, 287, 290

  François, Captain Charles 69–70

  French Chasseurs 237

  French Grenadiers 297

  French Revolution 8–9, 27, 55, 70, 73, 272

  Frichermont 139, 275

  Gale, Elizabeth 223–4

  Garcia Hernandez, battle of 94, 237

  Genappe 105, 111–12, 114–17, 130, 288, 315–16, 318

  Girod de l’Ain, Colonel 23–4

  Gneisenau, August von 28–30, 50, 58, 75, 106, 126–7, 149, 219, 250, 315–16, 318–19, 329, 330–2, 340, 341

  Gordon, Sir Alexander 108

  Goya, Francisco 35

  Grand Battery, Napoleon’s 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 172, 176, 187, 212, 286, 305

  Grande Armée 21, 346

  Grant, Colquhoun 41–2

  Gronow, Rees Howell 238, 239, 240, 241, 247

  Grouchy, Marquis de 27, 28, 68, 113, 119, 120, 128, 140, 145, 146, 147, 150, 153, 173, 174, 175, 193, 220, 249, 250, 285, 287, 288, 317, 340

  Hal (village) 125, 140

  Halkett, General 265, 290, 293–7, 299, 306

  Hanoverians 31, 100, 187, 192, 294, 296, 336

  Hardinge, Colonel 76

  Heavy Cavalry Pattern sword 194

  HMS Griffon 8

  HMS Partridge 17

  horse artillery 112, 113, 114, 234, 241, 263, 286, 291

  Hougoumont 5, 11, 139, 140, 141, 144, 148, 153, 155, 156, 158–64, 167, 172–3, 175–6, 187, 201, 207–11, 216, 221, 225, 231–2, 234–5, 242, 251, 252, 254, 258–9, 267, 278, 287, 290, 299, 304, 325, 334

  French incursions 207–10

  Household Brigade 194, 200, 201, 212

  Imperial Guard 5, 6, 7, 17, 51, 54, 57, 67, 73, 74, 109, 130, 232, 240, 265, 272–4, 278, 285–6, 289, 290–1, 293, 295, 296, 298–301, 309, 316–17, 326–8, 332, 334, 343, 348

  Inconstant 16, 17

  Inniskilling Dragoons 194, 200, 212, 214, 223

  IV Corps (von Bülow) 6, 148–9

  Josephine, Empress of France 16, 18, 36–7, 317

  Kellerman, General François Etienne de 90, 92, 93, 95, 101, 138, 242

  Kincaid, John 61, 135, 140, 144, 148, 185, 186, 192, 200, 222, 234, 302, 341, 347

  King’s German Legion (KGL) 30–1, 32, 94, 137, 148, 155, 182, 184, 187, 201, 209, 212, 237, 259, 262, 264, 268, 282, 290, 293

  La Haie Sainte 5, 11, 12, 139–40, 148, 167, 182, 186–7, 190, 192, 201, 232, 235–4, 258, 258–65, 266, 268–9, 277–8, 282, 287, 289, 322, 334

  lancers 90, 145, 191, 198, 214, 250

  French 48, 50, 114, 117, 135, 215

  Polish 17, 176, 304

  Landwehr, Prussian 29

  Larrey, Dominique Jean 109, 110, 116, 130, 348

  ambulance 109–110, 130

  Lasn
e, River 138, 147, 149, 193, 218, 219, 220, 248, 273

  Le Caillou 120, 121

  Leeke, Reverend William 229, 229–230, 230, 231, 234, 266, 268, 300, 302, 303, 326, 327, 328, 329, 347

  Legros (l’Enfonceur) 207, 208, 209, 210, 222

  Lennox, Lady Georgiana 46

  Les Invalides 164, 165, 317, 339

  Lieber, Franz 29, 30, 34, 71, 249, 340, 347

  Ligny 54, 56, 57, 64–70, 72, 74–6, 78–9, 83, 99, 100, 106, 109, 112, 119, 128, 137, 148–9, 156, 164–5, 168, 218, 248, 250, 274, 324, 329–31, 347

  Battle begins 67–69

  Piraumont 83

  victory for Napoleon 75

  Lobau, General 220, 250, 272, 288

  Louis XIV 164

  Louis XVI 9

  Louis XVIII 8, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 24, 26, 27, 37, 40, 192, 193, 339, 340

  Lowe, Sir Hudson 339

  Macara, Sir Robert 87, 88, 89

  Macdonell, Lieutenant-Colonel James 144, 156, 160, 162, 164, 173, 208, 209, 210, 211, 221, 225, 299

  Mauduit, Hippolyte de 51–52, 53–4, 67, 117

  Mellery (village) 106, 127

  Menzies, Captain Archibald 88

  Metternich, Count 20–2, 36

  Middle Guard 285, 286, 289, 292, 293, 297

  Mont St Jean 6, 12, 109–11, 113, 116, 118, 120, 126, 136, 144, 147–50, 156, 164, 173–6, 223, 248, 285, 315, 317, 319, 330, 335, 342

  Mornington, Earl and Countess of 9

  Müffling, General Baron von 28, 49, 50, 144, 149, 152, 156, 220, 276, 277, 303, 318, 330, 340, 347

  muskets

  Brown Bess 141–2, 151

  inaccuracy 142–3

  Nassauers/Nassau 56, 63, 116, 158, 162, 208, 209, 210, 275, 322

  National Guard, French 25, 316

  Nelson, Horatio 44, 105

  Netherlands, Kingdom of the 8, 10, 19, 26, 30, 43, 122

  Ney, Marshal Michel 27–8, 54–7, 63, 64, 65–8, 70, 73, 76, 81, 86, 90, 99, 101, 111–13, 119, 128, 159, 217, 224, 231–4, 237, 241–2, 245, 247, 249–51, 258–60, 264–5, 270, 275, 278, 286–7, 289, 297, 299, 334, 340

  execution 340

  Nivelles 53, 55, 56, 63, 73, 82, 83, 93, 97, 100, 107, 111, 112

  Nivelles road 53, 55, 56, 73, 82, 83, 93, 100, 107, 111

  Old Guard (French Grenadiers) 51, 119, 156, 274, 285–6, 291, 301, 305–6

  Ordener, Colonel Michel 232, 233