Controversies and Viewpoints
Page 50
[←692 ]
TN: Blood of the Races.
[←693 ]
TN: Louis Bertrand (20th March, 1866–6th December, 1941) was a French novelist, historian and essayist.
[←694 ]
TN: Pépé le Moko is a 1937 French film depicting a gangster nicknamed ‘Pépé le Moko’. Moko is slang for a man from Toulon, derived from the Occitan amb aquò (‘with that’), a term which punctuates sentences in Provence and which, in Toulon, is pronounced em’oquò.
[←695 ]
TN: Released in the United States as ‘Escape from Yesterday’, La Bandera is a 1935 French drama film that tells the story of a Frenchman who flees to Barcelona, where he enlists in the Spanish Foreign Legion. He is sent to fight in Morocco where he unexpectedly bonds with his comrades and marries a local woman before his past begins to catch up with him.
[←696 ]
TN: Le rêve passe, i.e. ‘The Dream Passes’, is a traditional French song in which French soldiers fighting for a given cause eventually awake from their dream of glory.
[←697 ]
TN: Édouard Daladier (18th June, 1884–10th October, 1970) was a French ‘radical’ (i.e. centre-left) politician and the Prime Minister of France at the start of the Second World War.
[←698 ]
TN: Jules Bazile, known as Jules Guesde (11th November, 1845–28th July, 1922) was a French socialist, journalist and politician.
[←699 ]
TN: Auguste Marie Joseph Jean Léon Jaurès (3rd September, 1859–31st July, 1914) was a prominent French socialist. Initially a moderate republican, he later became one of the first social democrats and, in 1902, the leader of the French Socialist Party, which opposed Jules Guesde’s revolutionary Socialist Party of France.
[←700 ]
TN: Henri Barbusse (17th May, 1873–30th August, 1935) was a French novelist, a member of the French Communist Party and a lifelong friend of Albert Einstein.
[←701 ]
TN: Félicien Challaye (1875–1967) was a French philosopher and human rights activist who founded a human rights organisation for the indigenous people of the Congo in 1908.
[←702 ]
TN: Léon Bloy (11th July, 1846–3rd November, 1917), was a French novelist, essayist, pamphleteer, and poet.
[←703 ]
TN: Semaines Sociales de France, or ‘Social Weeks of France’, is a project founded in 1904 whose aim is to tackle social issues from a Christian point of view.
[←704 ]
TN: The Constitutional Liberal Party, most commonly known as Destour, was a Tunisian political party whose ambition was to liberate Tunisia from French colonial control.
[←705 ]
TN: The Rif War was an armed conflict fought from 1920 to 1927 between Spanish colonial forces (who were later joined by France) and the Berber tribes of the Rif mountainous region. Led by Abd el-Krim, the Riffians initially inflicted several defeats on the Spanish military. Only after France’s intervention against Abd el-Krim’s forces and the major landing of Spanish troops at Al Hoceima did Abd el-Krim finally surrender to the French.
[←706 ]
TN: The Colonies and Communism.
[←707 ]
TN: The French Communist Party and the Colonial Issue, 1920–1965.
[←708 ]
TN: The Black Cruise.
[←709 ]
TN: The Colonial Notion in France from 1871 to 1962.
[←710 ]
TN: Born Jacob Liebmann Beer, Giacomo Meyerbeer (5th September, 1791–2nd May, 1864) was a German opera composer of Jewish birth who has been described as perhaps the most successful stage composer of the 19th century.
[←711 ]
TN: Gioachino Antonio Rossini (29th February, 1792–13th November, 1868) was an Italian composer who wrote 39 operas, in addition to some sacred music, songs, chamber music, and piano pieces.
[←712 ]
TN: Wagnerian Magazine.
[←713 ]
TN: Houston Stewart Chamberlain (9th September, 1855–9th January, 1927) was a British-born German philosopher who wrote works about political philosophy and natural science. He has been described by some as a ‘racialist writer’. Chamberlain married Eva von Bülow, Wagner’s daughter, in December 1908.
[←714 ]
TN: Paul-Marie Verlaine (30th March, 1844–8th January, 1896) was a French poet associated with the Decadent movement. He is considered one of the greatest representatives of the fin de siècle in international and French poetry.
[←715 ]
TN: Born Étienne Mallarmé, Stéphane Mallarmé (18th March, 1842–9th September, 1898) was a major symbolist poet and critic. His work anticipated and inspired several revolutionary artistic schools of the early 20th century, including Cubism, Futurism, Dadaism, and Surrealism.
[←716 ]
TN: Joséphin Péladan (28th March, 1858–27th June, 1918) was a French novelist and Martinist who established the Salon de la Rose + Croix for painters, authors, and musicians that shared his artistic ideals, particularly the Symbolists.
[←717 ]
TN: Valentin Louis Georges Eugène Marcel Proust (10th July, 1871–18th November, 1922), known simply as Marcel Proust, was a French novelist, critic, and essayist. He is particularly famous for his monumental novel À la recherche du temps perdu (nowadays translated as ‘In Search of Lost Time’) and is regarded by both critics and authors as one of the most influential writers of the 20th century.
[←718 ]
TN: Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola (2nd April, 1840–29th September, 1902) was a French novelist, playwright, journalist, the best-known figure of the literary school of naturalism, and an important contributor to the development of theatrical naturalism. He also played a pivotal role in the political liberalisation of France and the exoneration of the falsely accused and convicted army officer Alfred Dreyfus. His writing skills led to his nomination for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1901 and 1902.
[←719 ]
TN: Antoine Lascoux (3rd October, 1839–1st October, 1906) was a French magistrate.
[←720 ]
TN: Charles-Camille Saint-Saëns (9th October, 1835–16th December, 1921) was a French composer, organist, conductor and pianist of the Romantic era, a musical prodigy by any standards.
[←721 ]
TN: Germanophilia.
[←722 ]
TN: In addition to having been a minor composer, Alexandre Jean Albert Lavignac (21st January, 1846–28th May, 1916) was a French music scholar known for his essays on theory, including Le voyage artistique, i.e. ‘The Artistic Voyage’.
[←723 ]
TN: ‘Hans-Jürgen Nigra’ is a pseudonym used by Giorgio Locchi, one of the founders of Alain de Benoist’s GRECE.
[←724 ]
TN: Born Egon Friedmann, Egon Friedell (21st January, 1878–16th March, 1938) was a prominent Austrian philosopher, historian, journalist, actor, cabaret performer and theatre critic. He has also been labelled a polymath.
[←725 ]
TN: Mathilde Wesendonck (23rd December, 1828–31st August, 1902) was a German poet and author. The words that she used in five of her verses served as a basis of her friend Richard Wagner’s Wesendonck Lieder. It is quite possible that Wagner was, at least at some point, her paramour.
[←726 ]
TN: Jean-Édouard Spenlé (20th January, 1873–21st March, 1951) was a French Germanicist.
[←727 ]
TN: German Thought.
[←728 ]
TN: Johann Gottlieb Fichte (19th May, 1762–27th January, 1814) was a German philosopher who went on to become a founding figure of German idealism, the philosophical movement which resulted from the theoretical and ethical writings of Immanuel Kant.
[←729 ]
TN: The ‘Idea of Music’ and Historical Time.
[←730 ]
TN: In music, a ‘measure’ represents a segment of time corresponding to a number of beats, determined by tempo.
[�
�731 ]
TN: Paul Thomas Mann (6th June, 1875–12th August, 1955) was a German novelist, short story author, social critic, philanthropist, and essayist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1929.
[←732 ]
TN: In addition to being a film director and producer, Frenchman Abel Gance (25th October, 1889–10th November, 1981) was an author and actor.
[←733 ]
TN: In 1911, Ricciotto Canudo wrote The Birth of the Sixth Art, arguing that Cinema was the sixth artform. At a later point, he redefined dance as artform number six, making cinema the seventh. The term ‘seventh art’ is nowadays much more common in French than in English.
[←734 ]
TN: Christian Johann Heinrich Heine (13th December, 1797–17th February, 1856) was a German poet, journalist, essayist, and literary critic. He is most famous outside of Germany for his early lyric poetry, which was set to music in the form of Lieder (art songs) by composers such as Robert Schumann and Franz Schubert.
[←735 ]
TN: All of whom were key figures in the Romanticist movement.
[←736 ]
TN: This is a rather witty allusion to the gold of the Nibelungs and the curse that lies upon the hoard. It would seem that, on a financial level, the performances of Wagner’s dramas have been burdened with a similar fate.
[←737 ]
TN: When translated into English, the French title is ‘The Genesis of the Nineteenth Century’, which, although merely approximative and not entirely faithful to the original German title, does manage to capture the contents of the work itself. In the English language, the German title is rendered as ‘The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century’, which has the merit of being both fully faithful to the original title and accurate content-wise.
[←738 ]
TN: Otherwise known as the ‘Beer Hall Putsch’ or the ‘Munich Putsch’ in English.
[←739 ]
TN: Henry Kenneth Alfred Russell (3rd July, 1927–27th November, 2011) was an English film director famous for his pioneering work in both television and film, as well as for his extravagant and controversial style. Generally speaking, his films were liberal adaptations of existing texts or biographies, notably of composers of the Romantic era.
[←740 ]
TN: Gustav Mahler (7th July, 1860–18th May, 1911) was an Austro-Bohemian Late-Romantic composer and one of the leading conductors of his generation. Although his music was subjected to a ban during the Nazi era, it achieved great popularity in the years that followed.
[←741 ]
TN: One of the most influential composers of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Achille-Claude Debussy (22nd August, 1862–25th March, 1918) was a French composer who is sometimes considered the first Impressionist composer, although he himself rejected the term.
[←742 ]
TN: A vaudeville is a comedy without psychological or moral intentions, based on a comical situation. It was originally a kind of dramatic composition or light poetry, usually a comedy, interspersed with songs or ballets.
[←743 ]
TN: Richard Wagner and the New Bayreuth.
[←744 ]
TN: Pun intended on my part.
[←745 ]
TN: Pierre Louis Joseph Boulez (26th March, 1925–5th January, 2016) was a French composer, conductor, author, and the founder of several institutions. He is considered to have been one of the dominant figures of the post-war classical music world.
[←746 ]
TN: Patrice Chéreau (2nd November, 1944–7th October, 2013) was a French opera and theatre director, filmmaker, actor and producer. Best known for his work for the theatre, he attained international fame for his staging of the Jahrhundertring, the centenary Ring Cycle at the Bayreuth Festival in 1976.
[←747 ]
TN: The son of a synagogue cantor, Jacques Offenbach (20th June, 1819–5th October, 1880) was a German-French composer, cellist and impresario of the romantic period.
[←748 ]
TN: Known professionally as Bertolt Brecht, Eugen Berthold Friedrich Brecht (10th February, 1898–14th August, 1956) was a German theatre practitioner, playwright, and poet.
[←749 ]
TN: Jean Mistler (1st September, 1897–11th November, 1988) was a French author.
[←750 ]
TN: Aurora.
[←751 ]
TN: George Bernard Shaw (26th July, 1856–2nd November, 1950), known at his insistence simply as Bernard Shaw, was an Irish playwright, critic, polemicist and political activist.
[←752 ]
TN: Paul Viereck (22nd January, 1865–9th February, 1944) was a German classical philologist, epigraphist, papyrologist and high-school teacher.
[←753 ]
TN: The Enchanter and the King of Shadows.
[←754 ]
TN: Wagner the Enchanter.
[←755 ]
TN: In Bayreuth with Richard Wagner.
[←756 ]
TN: The Wagner Family and Bayreuth, from 1876 to 1976.
[←757 ]
TN: Wagner from Day to Day.
[←758 ]
TN: Wagner and the Romantic Spirit.
[←759 ]
TN: The Richard Wagner National Circle
[←760 ]
TN: Walther Rathenau (29th September, 1867–24th June, 1922) was a Jewish statesman who served as German Foreign Minister during the Weimar Republic. Although he was actually a moderate liberal who openly condemned Soviet methods, some nationalists accused him of being a revolutionary. Admittedly, he did initiate the Treaty of Rapallo, which removed major obstacles to trading with Soviet Russia. Two months after signing the treaty, he was assassinated in Berlin.
[←761 ]
TN: The Russian battleship Potemkin was a pre-dreadnought battleship built for the Imperial Russian Navy’s Black Sea Fleet. It became famous when the crew rebelled against the officers in June 1905 (during that year’s revolution), an event that is now regarded as a first step towards the Russian Revolution of 1917.
[←762 ]
TN: Hanse, later spelt Hansa, was the Old High German word for a convoy. The word was subsequently applied to bands of merchants traveling between the Hanseatic cities — whether by land or by sea.
[←763 ]
TN: Gilbert Badia (11th September, 1916–5th November, 2004) was a French historian.
[←764 ]
TN: The History of Contemporary Germany.
[←765 ]
TN: The German Freikorps, 1918–1923.
[←766 ]
TN: Friedrich Wilhelm von Oertzen (5th October, 1898–8th July, 1944) was a German journalist and publicist.
[←767 ]
TN: German Nationalism from 1871 to 1939.
[←768 ]
TN: Kurt Eisner (14th May, 1867–21st February, 1919) was a journalist and theatre critic who organised the Socialist Revolution that overthrew the Wittelsbach monarchy in Bavaria in November 1918. He was cited by Max Weber as an example of charismatic authority.
[←769 ]
TN: The Baltic states or countries.
[←770 ]
TN: Dominique Venner (1935–2013) was a French writer, historian, and political activist who also cooperated with Alain de Benoist’s ‘New Right’ organisation, GRECE.
[←771 ]
TN: My Mission in Finland and the Baltic States.
[←772 ]
TN: These names, used by the author, are all German. Due to the absence of adequate English renditions, I have decided to keep them unchanged.
[←773 ]
TN: Swastikas on Our Steel Helmets!
[←774 ]
TN: The Citizens’ Defence.
[←775 ]
TN: Although some may find it surprising, the word ‘bund’, referring to a (political) association, is widely used in the English language.
[←776 ]
TN: Literally ‘migratory/wandering bird’, but close in meaning to the English ‘r
olling stone’, i.e. someone who is reluctant to stay in one place for an extended period of time.