Mary Ball Washington
Page 35
3. Letter from George Washington to Lund Washington, December 18, 1778, PGWRev, ed. Edward G. Lengel, vol. 18 (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2008), 459–63.
4. Levy, Where the Cherry Tree Grew, 195–96.
5. Rick Rojas, “Finding a Lock of George Washington’s Hair, and a Link to American History,” New York Times, February 18, 2018.
6. Schroeder, Maxims of Washington, vi–vii.
7. Pryor, The Mother of Washington and Her Times, 353.
8. Custis, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, 147–48.
9. Political Arena, August 8, 1828; microfilm, University of Mary Washington Library, Fredericksburg, Virginia.
10. Flexner, George Washington and the New Nation, 228.
11. Pryor, The Mother of Washington and Her Times, 355.
12. Sarah Olson, “Historic Furniture Study: The Ancient Kitchen and Colonial Garden, George Washington Birthday National Monument, Virginia,” November 1974, 1; George Washington National Monument, Virginia.
13. Report of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army, 1929, vol. 1 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1929), 2118–20; Hudson, George Washington Birthplace: National Monument, 27–30.
14. As quoted in Conkling, Memoirs of the Mother and Wife of Washington, 74–78.
15. Susan Rivère Hetzel, The Building of a Monument: A History of the Mary Washington Associations and Their Work (Lancaster, PA: Wickersham, 1903), 45.
16. Hetzel, The Building of a Monument, 127–30.
17. Lisbon Sun, May 18, 1894, 6.
18. Hetzel, The Building of a Monument, 147–48.
19. Hetzel, 151.
20. Anthony Leviero, “Eisenhower Extols Mary Washington,” New York Times, May 10, 1954, 17.
21. Irving, Life of Washington, vol. 5, 26.
Index
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Abbington, Joseph, 68
Abbott, John Stevens Cabot, 83
abolitionists, 19
Account of the New Northern Archipelago, An (von Staehlin), 234
Act of Toleration, repeal of (1654), 23
Adams, Abigail, 15
Adams, John, 15, 42, 84, 176, 182–83, 189, 199, 239, 242, 260–61
Adams, John Quincy, 42
Adams, Samuel, 178, 182–83, 189
Addison, Mr., 136
Aequians, 1
Alaska, 234
Alexandria, Virginia, 11, 14, 135
Allegheny Mountains, 220
Allen, James, 273
Alton, John, 149
American College for Genealogical Registry and Heraldry, 41
American Monthly Magazine, 7
Andrews, John, 170
Angelo, Bonnie, 4
Anglican Church (Church of England), 21–23, 36, 58, 83, 89–91, 239–40
Episcopalians break from, 240
King of England as head of, 22
tithes and, 22
Annapolis Convention, 240
anthrax, 266
Anti-Catholicism, 23
Appalachian Mountains, George III forbids settlement west of, 168–69
Appleby School (England), 99, 121
apprenticeships, 17
Ariès, Philippe, 86
Arlington Gazette, 76
Armes, Ethel, 42
Articles of Confederation, 9
Articles of Confederation, 9, 228, 247, 249, 250, 251, 261
Attucks, Crispus, 175
Augusta, Princess of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, 167
Bacon, Nathaniel, 34, 46
Baker, Thomas, 57–58
Baldwin family, 26–27
Ball, Burgess, 222, 267–68, 270, 272, 274–76, 280
Ball, Elizabeth (Mary’s half sister; later Bonum) 58
Ball, Elizabeth Romney or Rogers (first wife of Mary’s father Joseph), 36–37
Ball, Frances (Dublin nun), 29
Ball, Frances Ravenscroft (Mary’s sister-in-law; wife of Joseph Ball, Jr.), 52
Ball, Frances Thornton Washington (Mary’s granddaughter; wife of Burgess Ball), 222, 267
Ball, Francis (early settler), 29
Ball, George Washington (Mary’s descendant), 31
Ball, Hannah Atherall (Mary’s grandmother), 30, 33, 35–36
Ball, Hannah (Mary’s aunt; later Fox), 30, 33, 35
Ball, Hannah (Mary’s half sister), 103
Ball, James, Jr., 88
Ball, James (Mary’s cousin, son of William, Jr.), 87–88
Ball, John, 28–29, 31, 39
Ball, Joseph, II, 35–36
Ball, Joseph, Jr. (Mary’s half brother), 8, 39, 52–53, 55–56, 71, 130–32, 147, 154–55
death of mother and, 55–56
inheritance of, 53
marries Frances Ravenscroft, 52
Ball, Joseph (Mary’s father), 30, 33, 36–38, 50–53, 88
birth of Mary and, 38, 50–52
death and will of, 52–53
emigrates to Virginia, 33
Epping Forest estate and, 38
marries Elizabeth Romney, 38
marries Mary Johnson, 37
Ball, Mary Johnson (Mary’s mother; later Hues), 37–38, 50, 53–56, 58
death of husband Joseph, 53
remarriage to Richard Hues, 53–54
Ball, Mary Washington (Mary’s great granddaughter), 222
Ball, Richard (Mary’s possible great-grandfather), 29–30
Ball, Richard (Mary’s uncle), 30, 33, 35
Ball, William, elder (Mary’s possible great-grandfather), 29–30
Ball, William, Jr. (Mary’s uncle), 30, 33–35, 88
Ball, William “Colonel” (Mary’s grandfather), 29–36, 39, 46
emigration of, to Virginia, 33–34
land and plantation home of, 32–35
unmarked grave of, 35–36
will of, 35
Ball family, 12, 26–38, 44–45, 289
Balls Branch, 51
Barbados, 133–34, 138
Bardsley, Charles, 27
Basset, Burwell (Martha’s brother-in-law), 191
Beale, George, 55
Ben Lomond manor, 12, 181
Bennett family, 37
Berkeley, Norborne, Baron of Botetourt, 169, 173
Berkeley, Sir William, 31, 46, 56
Berry, Joseph, 273
Beverley, Robert, 151
Bewdley plantation, 87–88
Bible, 239, 246–47, 267
Bill of Rights, 257–58, 276
Blackburn, Thomas, 258
Bligh, William, 131
Blue Ridge Mountains, 220
Bob (slave of Augustine), 116
Boinod, Daniel, 234
Boldon Book, 27–28
Bonum, Elizabeth Ball (Mary’s half sister), 58–59, 70, 74, 152
Bonum, Samuel (Mary’s brother-in-law), 58, 60, 70
Bonum’s Creek, 58–59, 74
Book of Common Prayer, 240, 267
Booth, John, 131–32
Borde, Andrew, 42
Boston, 192–93
Battle of, 201
Massacre, 175–77
tax protests and, 172–75
Tea Party, 178–79
Boston Evening Transcript, 82
Boston Port Bill (1774), 179
Boucher, Jonathan, 124
Boudica, 39
Boudinot, Annis, 235
Boudinot, Elias, 234
Bounty, HMS (ship), 131
Braddock, Edward, 142–45, 147–48
Braddock Expedition, 124, 144–48
Bradley, Leonard, 27
Brady, Patricia, 2
Bray, Winter, 281
Brick, Henry, 131–32
Bridges Creek plantation, 45, 67–68, 115
British Army, 59, 175
29th Regiment, 175
Loyalists and, 203
Revol
utionary War and, 187–88, 202–3
British East India Company, 178–80
British House of Commons, 169, 171
British Parliament, 30–31, 44, 167–68, 171–74, 176–81, 183, 196, 210, 228
British Plan, 251–52
British Royal Navy
blockades and, 169
George’s desire to join, 7–8, 129–35
Brockett, F.L., 12
Brooke, John, 170
Broom, Robert, 180
Brown, William, 68
Brown Bess (flintlock musket), 202
Bruce, James, 178
Brumidi, Constantino, The Apotheosis of Washington, 281
Buchannen, James, 137
Bugay, Genevieve, 160
Bunker Hill, Battle of, 194–95
Bunyan, Paul, 84
Burrows, Silas, 284, 286
Burtin, Elizabeth, 14
Butler, Caleb, 68
Butler family heritage, 43
Buxton, Edward North, 39
Byrd, Parke, 113
Byrd, William, 104–5, 107, 113
Byrd, William, II, 19
Byron, Lord, 82
“Caelumque Tueri” (Ball family motto), 40
Caesar, Julius, 77
Caldwell, James, 175
Calvert, Cecilius, 23
Calvert, George, 23
Camden, William, 27
Campbell, Daniel, 141
cancer, 264–66
cannibalism, 13
capitalism, 14
Carmichael, Virginia, 60, 158, 177
Carne, William, 168
Carr, Patrick, 175
Carroll, Ann, 153
Cartagena, Battle of, 127–28
Carter, Betty Lewis (Mary’s granddaughter), 272
Carter, Charles (Betty’s husband), 272, 274–76
Carter, John, 11
Carter, Landon, 81, 89, 213
Carter, Madam, 55
Carter, Robert “King,” 11–12, 81, 89, 272
Carter family, 12
Cary, Robert, & Company, 171
Cass, Lewis, 284
Catholic Church, 23, 31, 43, 77
Catholic World, 43
Cavaliers, 30
Centuries of Childhood (Ariès), 86
Champion, Waitstill, 214
Charles I, King of England, 23, 30–31, 39
Charlestown Peninsula, 195
Charles VI, Emperor of Austria, 121
Charlottesville, Virginia, 84–85
Chastellux, Marquis de, 1
Chatham Manor plantation, 162
Chernow, Ron, 9, 19, 67, 85, 99, 124, 132, 142, 184, 219, 234, 260
Cherry Point estate, 53–54, 74
Chesapeake Bay Catholics, 23
Chetwynd, William, 96
Child Life in Colonial Days (Earle), 52
Chilton, John, 24
Chinn, Joseph, 36
Chinns Pond, 51
Chotank, Virginia, 67, 115, 155
Christian Life, The (Scott), 90
Churchman, The, 93
Cicero, 124
Cigrand, Bernard, 28
Cincinnatus, Lucius Quinctius, 1
Civil War, 281, 286, 289
Clark, John, 176
Clarke, Gedney, 134
Clarke, Mary, 134
Clermont-Crevecoeur, Jean François Louis, Comte de, 208, 209
Cleveland, Grover, 287–88
Clinton, Henry, 207
Coan River, 54
Coele, Elise Towson, 94
College of William and Mary, 56
colonial America. See also Virginia, colonial
capital crimes and, 23–24
Catholics and, 23
Church of England and, 22
clothing in, 17
difficulty of life in, 16
English common law and, 166
religions and, 23
resistance to Britain in, 165–73, 178
social mobility and, 16–17
stability of, vs. England, 61
women in, vs. Europeans, 62–63
Colonial Resolutions (1774), 181
Common Sense (Paine), 198–99, 239
Compton, Henry, 56
Concord, Battle of, 188, 204
Cone, Henry, 213–14
Confederation Congress, Seventh, 240
Conkling, Margaret, 49, 195
Connecticut, 256
Connecticut Regiments, 214
Constitutional Convention, 245, 247, 249–54
Contemplations, Moral and Divine (Hale), 91, 126, 246–47, 256
Continental Army, 93, 156, 213, 270
chaplains and, 239
formed, with George in command, 188–91, 195, 201
smallpox and, 134
Continental Congress, 9
First, 181–85
Second, 1, 188–89, 195–96, 199–200, 223–24, 228, 234, 282
Conway, Moncure, 88, 96, 103
Coolidge, Calvin, 285
Cople Parish, 73
Cornwallis, Lord Charles, 1, 207, 215, 218–20, 222, 254–55
Corotoman plantation, 11–12
Corry, John, 166, 178
Cromwell, Oliver, 30
Cushing, Thomas, 182
Custis, George, 208
Custis, George Washington Parke (Mary’s great grandson), 8–9, 66, 70, 74, 76–77, 82, 91, 116, 119–20, 132, 194, 208–9, 229–30, 262–63, 269, 283
Custis, John Parke (George’s stepson), 124, 191, 229
Custis, Martha Dandridge. See Washington, Martha Dandridge Custis
Custis, Patsy, 160
Customs Act (1763), 169
Daily Signal, 126
Dandridge, Francis, 171
Dandridge, John, 243
Daughters of the American Revolution, 287
Dawson, John, 255
Day, Ruth, 14
Declaration of Independence, 115, 199–201, 204, 215, 227, 249
Deep Run estate, 115, 137
Deism, 22
Delaware, 256
Delaware River, crossing of, 210
Democracy in America (Tocqueville), 61–62
Dennis, Hannah, 36
Dinwiddie, Robert, 141, 145–46, 149
Dismal Swamp Company, 235–36
Dixon, Roger, 162
Dobson, Richard, 276
Donelson, Andrew Jackson, 284
Douglas, Robert, 111
Douglas, William, 85
Dubois, John, 23
Dudley, Dorothy, 18
Dummer’s War, 140
Dunmore, Lord, 197–98
Earle, Alice, 52
Eastern Orthodox Church, 77
Edward I, King of England, 43
Edward the confessor, King of England, 26
Edwin, David, 281
Eisenhower, Dwight, 288
Electors, 251–52
Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 43
Ellicott, Andrew, 270–71
Ellis, Joseph, 14, 249
Ellsworth, Oliver, 253
Emmanuel Church (Culpeper County), 96
England, John, 69, 70
England. See also Great Britain
Norman conquest of 1066, 26
rumor of George’s birth in, 82
English Civil War, 30–32, 43–44, 51
restoration in, 32, 51
English Reformation, 90
Enlightenment, 21–22, 92
Episcopal Church, 90, 93, 239–40, 259, 267
Epping Forest (Forest Plantation, Forest Quarter), 38–39, 51–54, 74
Epsewasson plantation (later Mount Vernon), 3
Eskridge, George, 58–59, 71, 74, 93–94
Essay Concerning Human Understanding (Locke), 21, 86
Essex County, Virginia, 12
Ethiopian Regiment, 198
Evelyn, John, 32
Everest, Thomas, 35
Ewell, Charles, 12
Ewell, Sarah Ball (Mary’s cousin), 12
Fairfax, Anne (later Washington), 12
8
Fairfax, Deborah, 128
Fairfax, George, 135, 188
Fairfax, Sally, 8, 100
Fairfax, Thomas, 4, 116, 135–37
Fairfax, William, 99–100, 128, 129–30, 141
Fairfax family, 99
Fairfield house, 220
Family Life of George Washington, The (Moore), 26
Fauntleroy, Moore, 33
Fearson, William, 18–19
Federalist Papers, 261
Felder, Paula, 58
Ferdinand III, Saint, King of Castile, 43
Ferguson, James, 18, 20–21
Ferris, Jean L.G., News of Yorktown, 1781, xiv-xv
Ferry Farm (Home Farm), 108, 144, 157, 208, 256
appearance of, 105–6
Augustine’s will leaves to George, 2–3, 115–16
Christmas fire and, 111–12
decline of, 281
George leaves, for Mount Vernon, 139
George’s survey of, 159
as George Washington’s Boyhood Home, 104
Mary and finances of, 136–38
Mary leaves, in 1771, 161–64
Mary moves to, 102–9
Mary’s life on, after George leaves, 151–55, 157–58
Mary supervises as widow, 3–4
Mary urged to leave, by son George, 5, 159–61
sale of, 112–13, 161–64, 280–81
First Baptist Church (New York), 93
Fitzhugh, William, 162, 184, 258
Flanders, Counts of, 26
Fleet, Henry, 34
Flexner, James Thomas, 8, 9, 38, 60, 80, 150, 219, 225–26, 243, 250, 253–54, 269, 283, 284
Floyd, Edward, 35
Forbes Expedition, 149
Ford, Paul, 120
Fort Cumberland, 144
Fort Du Quesne, 145–46, 149
Fort Necessity, 141, 169
Fox, David, 33–35
Fox, George, 31
Fox, Hannah Ball (Mary’s aunt), 35
France, 61–62, 169, 245
French and Indian War and, 150
Revolution of 1789, 23, 276
Franklin, Abiah, 39
Franklin, Benjamin, 21, 39, 42, 74, 84, 169–73, 242, 249
Franklin, Josiah, 39
Fraunces Tavern, 223
Frederick County, 220
Fredericksburg, Virginia, 64, 92, 94, 102–18, 153–54, 157, 159
changes in, by 1772, 161–62
Civil War and, 286
Eisenhower visits Mary’s grave in, 288
Ferry Farm and, 2–4, 85, 96
George buys house on Charles Street for Mary, 161, 163–64
George’s early years in, 11, 100–101
George’s visits to Mary in, 177–78, 182, 229–34, 247–248, 262–63
incorporation and, 254–55
Mary’s house as tourist attraction in, 289
Mary’s house sold to Charles Carter, 272, 275–77
Mary’s life in, 11, 184–85, 194, 238
Mary’s monument and grave in, 284–89
Revolution and, 4, 179–80, 193–94, 207–8, 211, 220–21