The British Monarchy Miscellany
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4. King James II (1633-1701)
Married Anne Hyde. Had issue.
Married Mary of Modena. Had issue.
(See below)
5. Elizabeth (1635-1650)
Died unmarried of illness while kept prisoner by
Parliament in the English Civil War.
6. Anne (1637-1640)
Died in childhood.
7. Catherine (1639)
Died on the same day of her birth.
8. Henry (1640-1660), Duke of Gloucester
Died unmarried of illness shortly after returning to England from exile at the Restoration.
9. Henrietta Anne (1640-1670), Duchess of Orleans Married Philippe, Duke of Orleans, brother of King Louis XIV of France. Had issue.
Acted as ambassador between Charles II and Louis XIV of France.
Ancestress of Kings Louis XV and Louis XVI of France.
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James II
(1633-1701)
By Anne Hyde (1637-1671):
1. Charles (1660-1661), Duke of Cambridge
Died in infancy.
2. Queen Mary II (1662-1694)
Married William III. No issue.
3. James (1663-1667), Duke of Cambridge
Died in childhood.
4. Queen Anne (1665-1714)
Married Prince George of Denmark. Had issue. (see
below)
5. Charles (1663-1667), Duke of Kendal
Died in childhood.
6. Edgar (1667-1671), Duke of Cambridge
Died in childhood.
7. Henrietta (1669)
Died in infancy.
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8. Catherine (1671)
Died in infancy.
By Mary of Modena (1658-1718):
1. Catherine Laura (1675)
Died in infancy.
2. Isabel (1676-1681)
Died in childhood.
3. Charles (1677), Duke of Cambridge
Died in infancy.
4. Elizabeth (1678)
Died in infancy.
5. Charlotte Maria (1682)
Died in infancy.
6. James (1688-1766), Prince of Wales, ‘The Old Pretender’
Married Clementina Sobieska. Had issue.
First Jacobite Pretender to the English/British throne.
Father of Bonnie Prince Charlie.
7. Louisa Maria (1692-1712)
Died unmarried.
Born in exile after her father lost the English throne.
309
Anne
(1665-1714)
From George of Denmark (1653-1708):
1. Mary (1685-1687)
Died in childhood.
2. Anne Sophia (1686)
Died in infancy.
3. William (1689-1700), Duke of Gloucester
Died in childhood.
His early death caused the succession the throne to pass to the House of Hanover, via its descent from Elizabeth of Bohemia (see above).
4. Mary (1690)
Died on the same day of her birth.
5. George (1692)
Died on the same day of his birth.
Note: All other pregnancies by Anne ended either in stillbirths or miscarriages.
310
George I
(1660-1727)
By Sophia Dorothea of Celle (1666-1726):
1. King George II (1683-1760)
Married Caroline of Ansbach. Had issue. (See below) 2. Sophia Dorothea (1687-1757), Queen in Prussia
Married Frederick William I, King in Prussia. Had issue.
Mother of King Frederick the Great of Prussia.
Mother of Queen Louisa Ulrika of Sweden.
George II
(1683-1760)
By Caroline of Ansbach (1683-1737):
1. Frederick Louis (1707-1751), Prince of Wales Married Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha. Had issue.
Heir to the throne, died before his father.
Father of King George III.
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2. Anne (1709-1759), Princess Royal, Princess of Orange
Married William IV, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of the Netherlands. Had issue.
Regent of the Netherlands during the minority of her son William V, Prince of Orange.
3. Amelia (1711-1786)
Died unmarried.
4. Caroline (1713-1757)
Died unmarried.
5. George William (1717-1718)
Died in infancy.
6. William Augustus (1721-1765), Duke of Cumberland Died unmarried.
Chief General of the British forces during the Jacobite Rebellion of 1745. Controversial victor of the Battle of Culloden.
Commander-in-Chief of the Forces, 1745-1757.
7. Mary (1723-1772), Landgravine of Hesse-Cassel
Married Landgrave Frederick II of Hesse-Cassel. Had issue.
Grandmother of Princess Augusta of Hesse-Cassel, wife of Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, son of King George III (see below).
312
8. Louisa (1724-1751), Queen of Denmark and Norway Married King Frederick V of Denmark and Norway. Had issue.
George III
(1738-1820)
By Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1744-1818):
1. King George IV (1762-1830)
Married Caroline of Brunswick. Had issue. (See below) 2. Frederick (1763-1827), Duke of York and Albany
Married Princess Frederica of Prussia. No issue.
Commander-in-Chief of the Forces 1795-1809, and 1811-1827.
Heir to the throne from 1820 to 1827 after the accession of his brother George IV.
3. King William IV (1765-1837)
Married Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen. Had issue. (See below)
4. Charlotte (1766-1828), Princess Royal, Queen of Wurttemberg
Married King Frederick of Wurttemberg. No issue.
313
5. Edward (1767-1820), Duke of Kent and Strathearn Married Princess Victoire of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. Had issue.
Father of Queen Victoria.
First member of the Royal Family to live in North
America. Often called ‘Father of the Canadian Crown’.
6. Augusta Sophia (1768-1840)
Died unmarried.
7. Elizabeth (1770-1840), Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg Married Landgrave Frederick VI of Hesse-Homburg. No issue.
8. Ernest Augustus (1771-1851), Duke of Cumberland, King of Hanover
Married Princess Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, his first cousin, niece of his mother, Queen Charlotte. Had issue.
Inherited the crown of Hanover in 1837 on the death of William IV as the next male heir.
Heir to the British throne from 1837 to 1840 after the accession of Queen Victoria.
9. Augustus Frederick (1773-1843), Duke of Sussex Married Lady Augusta Murray. Had issue.
Married Lady Cecilia Buggin. No issue.
Both his marriages were contracted against the Royal Marriages Act of 1772.
314
10. Adolphus (1770-1840), Duke of Cambridge
Married Princess Augusta of Hesse-Cassel. Had issue.
Grandfather of Queen Mary of Teck, consort of King
George V.
Viceroy of Hanover from 1811 to 1837.
11. Mary (1776-1857), Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh
Married Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, her first cousin, son of a brother of George III.
No issue.
12. Sophia (1777-1848)
Died unmarried.
Rumoured to have had an illegitimate child by one of her father’s equerries.
13. Octavius (1779-1783)
Died in childhood from a smallpox inoculation.
14. Alfred (1780-1782)
Died in childhood from a smallpox inoculation.
15. Amelia (1783-1810)
Died unmarried of illness.
315
George IV
(1762-1820)
/> By Caroline of Brunswick (1768-1821):
1. Charlotte (1796-1817) Heir Apparent
Married Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (uncle of Queen Victoria). No issue.
(Prince Leopold later became the first King of the Belgians in 1831.)
Heir to the throne, died before her father.
William IV
(1765-1837)
By Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen (1792-1849):
1. Charlotte Augusta Louise (1819)
Died shortly after birth.
2. Elizabeth Georgina Adelaide (1820-1821)
Died in infancy.
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Victoria
(1819-1901)
From Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (1819-1861):
1. Victoria (1840-1901), Princess Royal, Empress Consort of Germany
Married Emperor Frederick III of Germany. Had issue.
Mother of Emperor William II of Germany.
Mother of Sophia, Queen Consort of Greece.
2. King Edward VII (1841-1910)
Married Alexandra of Denmark. Had issue. (See below)
3. Alice (1843-1878), Grand Duchess of Hesse-Darmstadt and the Rhine
Married Grand Duke Louis IV of Hesse-Darmstadt and the Rhine. Had issue.
Mother of Empress Alexandra of Russia.
Great-grandmother of Prince Philip of Greece.
4. Alfred (1844-1900), Duke of Edinburgh, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
Married Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia.
Had issue.
Father of Marie, Queen of Romania.
Inherited the title of Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha from his uncle, Prince Albert’s brother.
317
5. Helena (1846-1923), Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
Married Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. Had issue.
6. Louise (1848-1939), Duchess of Argyll
Married John Campbell, Duke of Argyll, Governor General of Canada. No issue.
Vice-Regal Consort of Canada from 1878 to 1883.
7. Arthur (1850-1942), Duke of Connaught and Strathearn
Married Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia. Had issue.
Governor General of Canada from 1911 to 1916.
Great-grandfather of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden and Queen Margrethe II of Denmark.
8. Leopold (1853-1884), Duke of Albany
Married Princess Helena of Waldeck-Pyrmont. Had issue.
First member of the Royal Family to be diagnosed with haemophilia, died of the disease aged 30.
Great-grandfather of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden.
9. Beatrice (1857-1944), Princess Henry of Battenberg Married Prince Henry of Battenberg. Had issue.
Mother of Victoria Eugenie, Queen of Spain.
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Edward VII
(1841-1910)
By Alexandra of Denmark (1844-1925):
1. Albert Victor (1864-1892), Duke of Clarence and Avondale
Died unmarried. Betrothed to Mary of Teck before his death (who later married King George V, see below).
Heir to the throne, died before his father.
2. King George V (1865-1936)
Married Mary of Teck. Had issue. (See below)
3. Louise (1867-1931), Princess Royal, Duchess of Fife Married Alexander Duff, Duke of Fife. Had issue.
4. Victoria (1868-1935)
Died unmarried.
5. Maud (1869-1938), Queen of Norway
Married King Haakon VII of Norway (originally Prince Carl of Denmark), her first cousin, son of Alexandra of
Denmark’s brother. Had issue.
First Queen Consort of modern Norway, grandmother of King Harald V.
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6. Alexander John (1871)
Died shortly after his birth.
George V
(1865-1936)
By Mary of Teck (1867-1953):
1. King Edward VIII (1894-1972), later Duke of Windsor Married Wallis Simpson when Duke of Windsor. No issue.
2. King George VI (1895-1952)
Married Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. Had issue. (See below) 3. Mary (1897-1965), Princess Royal, Countess of Harewood
Married Henry Lascelles, Earl of Harewood. Had issue.
4. Henry (1900-1974), Duke of Gloucester
Married Alice Montagu Douglas Scott. Had issue.
Governor-General of Australia from 1945 to 1947
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5. George (1902-1942), Duke of Kent
Married Princess Marina of Greece, first cousin of Prince Philip. Had issue.
Was the last British Royal Family member to marry a foreign princess.
Died during World War II.
6. John (1905-1919)
Died when a teenager of epilepsy.
George VI
(1895-1952)
By Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (1900-2002):
1. Queen Elizabeth II (1926- )
Married Philip of Greece. Had issue. (See below)
2. Margaret Rose (1930-2002), Countess of Snowdon
Married Antony Armstrong-Jones, Earl of Snowdon.
Divorced. Had issue.
First child of a monarch to divorce in modern times, in 1978.
321
Elizabeth II
(1926- )
By Philip of Greece (1921- ):
1. Charles (1948- ), Prince of Wales
Married Lady Diana Spencer. Divorced. Had issue.
Married Camilla Parker-Bowles. No issue.
First Prince of Wales to divorce.
2. Anne (1950- ), Princess Royal
Married Captain Mark Phillips. Divorced. Had issue.
Married Vice-Admiral Timothy Laurence. No issue.
3. Andrew (1960- ), Duke of York
Married Sarah Ferguson. Divorced. Had issue.
4. Edward (1964- ), Earl of Wessex
Married Sophie Rhys Jones. Had issue.
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Monarchs With
the Most Children
Listed below are the three monarchs who since the
Norman Conquest of 1066 have had the largest number of legitimate children from their wives, each of them counting 15 children as their progeny. Each monarch’s list includes children who died in infancy or childhood, but not stillbirths of miscarriages. Illegitimate children are also not included.
Edward I: 15 children
By Eleanor of Castile: Eleanor (c.1264/69); Joan (1265); John (1266); Henry (c.1267/68); Juliana (1271); Joan (1272); Alfonso (1273); Margaret (1275); Berengaria (1276); Mary (1278); Elizabeth (1282); Edward (1284).
By Margaret of France: Thomas (1300); Edmund (1301); Eleanor (1306).
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James II: 15 children
By Anne Hyde: Charles (1660), Mary (1662), James (1663), Anne (1665), Charles (1663), Edgar (1667),
Henrietta (1669), Catherine (1671).
By Mary of Modena: Catherine Laura (1675), Isabel (1676), Charles (1677), Elizabeth (1678), Charlotte Maria (1682), James (1688), Louisa Maria (1692).
George III: 15 children
By Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz: George (1762), Frederick (1763), William (1765), Charlotte (1766), Edward (1767), Augusta Sophia (1768), Elizabeth (1770), Ernest Augustus (1771), Augustus Frederick (1773),
Adolphus (1774), Mary (1776), Sophia (1777), Octavius (1779), Alfred (1780), Amelia (1783).
A FEW NOTES:
Although each of the monarchs above counts 15 children, George III had the largest numbers of children who survived into adulthood (defined as over 18 years of age): 13 children. After excluding infant and childhood deaths, Edward I only had 8 children who survived into
adulthood, while James II only had 4.
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Queen Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, who gave birth to all of George III’s 15 children, holds the record for the most children born by a Queen Consort.
Queen Anne had at least 17 pregnancies between 1684-1700 but gave birth to only 3 healthy children, the rest of the pregnancies
ending in miscarriages, stillbirths or children dying within hours of birth. Of her three healthy children, two died in childhood and one at the age of 11.
She left no descendants.
Edward I holds the record for the longest child-producing span in royal history, either for legitimate or illegitimate children: about 40 years between his first children born around 1264-69 and his last child born in 1306.