Karl Marx
Page 23
bourgeois society opposed by, 88–89, 94, 113, 125, 130, 132
can capture political power through peaceful means, 165–66
dictatorship of, 92–93
Homo faber, 65–67, 78, 92, 94, 143
industrial proletariat, 134, 178, 188
and nationalist consciousness, 114–15
peasantry, 110, 166, 176–80, 188–89
Ten Regulations (Marx), 89–93, 96, 97, 142, 189
transformation of capitalism by, 88–89, 115, 125
as the universal class, 33–36, 60
property, 36–37, 69–73, 79–80, 89–93, 96–97, 117–18, 124, 142, 176–80, 189
prostitution, 71–72
Protocols of the Elders of Zion, 165
Proudhon, Joseph, 56, 59, 60, 132, 134, 162–63
Prussia, 6, 154
educational reform in, 14
emergence of professional civil service, 33
Jewish civil rights in, 6–7, 14
Marx’s renunciation of citizenship, 97
modern constitutional monarchy, 21
social reforms in, 14
surveillance of radical groups, 107
territorial expansion, 7
Putin, Vladimir, 190
Pyat, Felix, 154
Racowitza, Janko von, 126
raw communism, 70–71
Reagan, Ronald, 188
Rechtsphilosophie (Hegel), 20, 27–32
religion, 38–39, 76–77
reputation, Marx’s: at Berlin University, 16–17
Engels and, x–xi, 144, 147, 148, 184–85, 186
as genius, 55–56
in London, 124, 126, 133, 149, 152–53, 159–62, 183, 186
in Paris Commune (1871), 159–60, 161, 175
publication of Das Kapital, 143
Die Revolution (New York), 111
revolutionary terrorism, 20, 62–63, 164–66, 167, 178, 180
revolutions of 1848–49: in Berlin, 95
in Budapest, 95, 114, 150
creation of large nation-states after, 152
February Revolution, 82, 95, 112
Marx on, 95, 108–10, 112–14, 130–31
Neue Rheinische Zeitung (NRZ), 97, 98, 99, 114
Paris workers and, 98
in Prague, 114, 150
Russian intervention in, 150, 180
in Vienna, 95, 150
Rheinische Zeitung (RZ), 22–24, 26–27, 33, 97
Rhineland, 3–8, 9–10, 146
Riesser, Gabriel, 50, 51
Robespierre, Maximilien, 62
Rome, 62–63, 176, 177
Rom und Jerusalem: Die lettzte Nationalitäten Frage [Rome and Jerusalem: The Last Nationality Question] (Hess), 47–48, 114
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 187
Rothschild, Lionel, 54, 165
Ruge, Arnold, 16, 25, 26, 53–54, 56, 69
Russia: Bakunin and, 56, 59, 162–65
communist society in, 175–76, 178–81, 188–89
Crimean War, 150
in European politics, 98–99, 149–51, 191
Five-Year Plans, 189
industrialization in, 176–81
influence of Marx’s ideology in, 175–76, 178–81, 188–90
peasantry, 178–79, 188–89
Polish insurrection (1863), 132, 135, 150
revolutionary movement in, 164, 178, 188–89
Stalinism, 189, 190, 200
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 189–90
village commune (obshchina), 176–80
Russian Revolution (1917), 84, 164, 188, 189
Saint-Just, Louis de, 62
Saint-Simonians, 21, 59
Savigny, Friedrich Karl von, 14, 24
Schelling, Friedrich, 27
Schleiermacher, Friedrich, 14
Second International, 137–38
Second Reform Act (1867), 167
Sedan, Battle of, 152
Selected Correspondence (Marx), 200
Selected Works (Marx and Engels), 192, 200
Serailler, Auguste, 153–54
sexual relations, 71–73
Sieyès, Emmanuel Joseph, Abbé, 34
slavery, 135, 183–84
Smith, Adam, 29, 31, 65, 139
social class: and alienation, 65–68, 70, 86–87, 140–41, 191
bureaucracy as, 33
class structure in France, 109–12
Hegel’s theory of, 32–33
Marx’s theory of, 34–36, 78–81, 85, 88–89, 92–93
mode of production and, 79–80
and nationalism, 47–48, 95–97, 112–16
nationalist consciousness, 114
social position, 129–30
and support for French provisional government, 156
universal class, 33–36, 60
Social Democratic Labor Party (Russia), 178
Social Democratic Workers Party (SPD, Germany), x, 109, 133, 168–71, 189–90
Social Democratic Workers Party (Russia), 84–85
socialism. See communism
social upheaval [Umwältzung], 166–67
Society for the Culture and Study of the Jews, 18–19
Soviet Union, 189, 190–91
Spencer, Edward Beesly, 132
Spinoza, Benedict, 20, 21, 55
spiritualism, 61, 62
Stalinism, 189, 190, 200
Statism and Anarchy (Bakunin), 164–66
Stein, Karl vom, 6, 23
Stieber, Wilhelm, 159
Stirner, Max, 50
Strauss, David Friedrich, 21
Ten Hours Bill, 134
Ten Regulations (Marx), 89–93, 96, 97, 142, 189
Thatcher, Margaret, 188
Theses on Feuerbach (Marx), 60, 61, 75, 76, 78
Thiers, Adolphe, 154, 156
Third World industrial production, 117–20, 188
“To an Apostate” (Heine), 19
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 43
“Toward a Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right: An Introduction” (Marx), 27–29, 34–35, 37–38, 64, 76
trade unions, 187, 192
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 189–90
Trier, 3, 5, 10–11, 15, 25, 42, 49, 51–52
Tschernichovsky, Shaul, 168
Umwältzung (social upheaval), 166–67
United States: American exceptionalism, 113
Civil War, 135
General Council relocated to New York, 164
German Forty-Eighters in, 106
IWA headquarters in, 137, 162
Lincoln as president, 136
Marx’s writing in, 107, 111, 116, 122, 138, 166, 194, 199
New Deal, 187
religion in, 43, 47
slavery in, 135
universal class, 33–36, 60
utopianism, 69, 93, 131, 142, 146, 169
Verein für Kultur und Wissenschaft der Juden (Society for the Culture and Study of the Jews), 18–19
village commune (obshchina), 176–80
voting rights, 167, 168
wage labor, 67–68, 71, 98, 128, 138, 170–71, 188
“Wage Labor and Capital” (Marx), 98
water resources, control of, 117–18
Weitling, Wilhelm, 26
Westphalen, Edgar von, 15
Westphalen, Ferdinand von, 15
Westphalen, Jenny von (Marx’s wife), 15, 24–25, 102–3, 108, 163, 183
Westphalen, Ludwig von, 15, 22
Willich, August, 106
Wolff, Wilhelm, 96, 108
women, 71–72, 124
Woodhull & Claflin’s Weekly, 167
workers and working class: alienation of, 64, 67–69, 80, 86–87
Condition of the Working Class in England (Engels), 19, 60
dehumanization under capitalism, 67–68, 80, 86–87
education for, 82, 142
in France, 82, 95, 98, 109–10, 152, 158
Freiligrath’s poem on, 99
General German Workers Association (ADAV), 125, 132, 158, 168�
��69
as Homo faber, 65–67, 78, 92, 94, 143
political power of, 132, 166–67, 192
protective reforms, 92, 134, 187–88
German Social Democratic Party (SPD) and, x, 109, 133, 168–71, 189–90
transition from capitalism to socialism, 169–71
wage labor, 67–68, 71, 98, 128, 138, 170–71, 188. See also International Workingmen’s Association
Workers Educational Association, 82
world market, creation of, 87–88, 114
Young Hegelians, 16, 25–27, 38–40, 49–53, 56, 60–62, 76, 78, 140
Zasulich, Vera, 178–79
Zionism, 47–48, 114, 115, 172
Zunz, Leopold, 18
Zusätze [Additions] to Rechtsphilosophie (Hegel), 20
JEWISH LIVES is a prizewinning series of interpretative biography designed to explore the many facets of Jewish identity. Individual volumes illuminate the imprint of Jewish figures upon literature, religion, philosophy, politics, cultural and economic life, and the arts and sciences. Subjects are paired with authors to elicit lively, deeply informed books that explore the range and depth of the Jewish experience from antiquity to the present.
Jewish Lives is a partnership of Yale University Press and the Leon D. Black Foundation. Ileene Smith is editorial director. Anita Shapira and Steven J. Zipperstein are series editors.
PUBLISHED TITLES INCLUDE:
Rabbi Akiva: Sage of the Talmud, by Barry W. Holtz
Ben-Gurion: Father of Modern Israel, by Anita Shapira
Bernard Berenson: A Life in the Picture Trade, by Rachel Cohen
Sarah: The Life of Sarah Bernhardt, by Robert Gottlieb
Leonard Bernstein: An American Musician, by Allen Shawn
Hayim Nahman Bialik: Poet of Hebrew, by Avner Holtzman
Léon Blum: Prime Minister, Socialist, Zionist, by Pierre Birnbaum
Louis D. Brandeis: American Prophet, by Jeffrey Rosen
Martin Buber: A Life of Faith and Dissent, by Paul Mendes-Flohr
David: The Divided Heart, by David Wolpe
Moshe Dayan: Israel’s Controversial Hero, by Mordechai Bar-On
Disraeli: The Novel Politician, by David Cesarani
Einstein: His Space and Times, by Steven Gimbel
Becoming Freud: The Making of a Psychoanalyst, by Adam Phillips
Emma Goldman: Revolution as a Way of Life, by Vivian Gornick
Hank Greenberg: The Hero Who Didn’t Want to Be One, by Mark Kurlansky
Peggy Guggenheim: The Shock of the Modern, by Francine Prose
Ben Hecht: Fighting Words, Moving Pictures, by Adina Hoffman
Lillian Hellman: An Imperious Life, by Dorothy Gallagher
Jabotinsky: A Life, by Hillel Halkin
Jacob: Unexpected Patriarch, by Yair Zakovitch
Franz Kafka: The Poet of Shame and Guilt, by Saul Friedländer
Rav Kook: Mystic in a Time of Revolution, by Yehudah Mirsky
Primo Levi: The Matter of a Life, by Berel Lang
Groucho Marx: The Comedy of Existence, by Lee Siegel
Menasseh ben Israel: Rabbi of Amsterdam, by Steven Nadler
Moses Mendelssohn: Sage of Modernity, by Shmuel Feiner
Harvey Milk: His Lives and Death, by Lillian Faderman
Moses: A Human Life, by Avivah Zornberg
Proust: The Search, by Benjamin Taylor
Yitzhak Rabin: Soldier, Leader, Statesman, by Itamar Rabinovich
Walter Rathenau: Weimar’s Fallen Statesman, by Shulamit Volkov
Jerome Robbins: A Life in Dance, by Wendy Lesser
Julius Rosenwald: Repairing the World, by Hasia R. Diner
Mark Rothko: Toward the Light in the Chapel, by Annie Cohen-Solal
Gershom Scholem: Master of the Kabbalah, by David Biale
Solomon: The Lure of Wisdom, by Steven Weitzman
Steven Spielberg: A Life in Films, by Molly Haskell
Alfred Stieglitz: Taking Pictures, Making Painters, by Phyllis Rose
Barbra Streisand: Redefining Beauty, Femininity, and Power, by Neal Gabler
Leon Trotsky: A Revolutionary’s Life, by Joshua Rubenstein
Warner Bros: The Making of an American Movie Studio, by David Thomson
FORTHCOMING TITLES INCLUDE:
Hannah Arendt, by Peter Gordon
Judah Benjamin, by James Traub
Irving Berlin, by James Kaplan
Franz Boas, by Noga Arikha
Mel Brooks, by Jeremy Dauber
Bob Dylan, by Ron Rosenbaum
Elijah, by Daniel Matt
Betty Friedan, by Rachel Shteir
George Gershwin, by Gary Giddins
Allen Ginsberg, by Ed Hirsch
Ruth Bader Ginsburg, by Dorothy Samuels
Heinrich Heine, by George Prochnik
Herod, by Martin Goodman
Theodor Herzl, by Derek Penslar
Abraham Joshua Heschel, by Julian Zelizer
Harry Houdini, by Adam Begley
Jesus, by Jack Miles
Josephus, by Daniel Boyarin
Stanley Kubrick, by David Mikics
Stan Lee, by Liel Leibovitz
Maimonides, by Alberto Manguel
Arthur Miller, by John Lahr
Robert Oppenheimer, by David Rieff
Man Ray, by Arthur Lubow
Hyman Rickover, by Marc Wortman
Jonas Salk, by David Margolick
Rebbe Schneerson, by Ezra Glinter
Bugsy Siegel, by Michael Shnayerson
Elie Wiesel, by Joseph Berger
Billy Wilder, by Noah Isenberg
Ludwig Wittgenstein, by Anthony Gottlieb