by Ravi Rikhye
[347] Jyoti, A. (2017, March 21). “Chushul-Demchok road to rein in PLA”. Daily Pioneer. http://www.dailypioneer.com/todays-newspaper/chushul-demchok-road-to-rein-in-pla.html
[348] Wikipedia. (n.d.) “Leh-Manali highway”. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leh%E2%80%93Manali_Highway
[349] DeMarbin, A. (2016, June 8). “Lockheed Martin’s first cargo airship is planned for deployment in Alaska”. Anchorage Daily News. https://www.adn.com/business-economy/2016/09/08/lockheed-martins-first-cargo-airship-planned-for-deployment-in-alaska/
[350] https://discoverburkecounty.com/venue/brown-mountain-off-highway-vehicle-trail/ and https://discoverburkecounty.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/OHV1.jpg
[351] Express News Service. (2017, February 23). “India left with only four Super Hercules aircraft as another damaged in accident in Ladakh”. Indian Express. www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/feb/23/india-left-with-only-four-super-hercules-aircraft-as-another-damaged-in-accident-in-ladakh-1573770.html
[352] Nawaz, S. (2009). Crossed Swords: Pakistan, its army, and the wars within. Oxford University Press.
[353] Rikhye, R. (2014). Taking Back Kashmir - Operations Brasstacks, Chequerboard, Trident Replayed. Amazon Kindle.
[354] Google Earth (2015, October 28). “Map 3: Punjab Province Of Pakistan Shows Its District And Cities”. Posted by junaidq58. Maps of Punjab Pakistan.
https://logofmaps.wordpress.com/2015/10/28/maps-of-punjab-pakistan/
[355] Kanwal, G. (2018). Sharpening the Arsenal: India's Evolving Nuclear Deterrence Policy. Harper Collins: Delhi
[356] Davis, P. (2003). “Aggregation, Disaggregation, and the 3:1 Rules in Ground Combat”. Rand Corporation Monograph MRS68. https://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR638.html
[357] Cooper, M. (1990). The German Army 1933-1945. London: Scarborough House. 598-pages.
[358] Axis History Forum. (2009, September 8). “German Casualties in Barbarossa June 22 to 31 December 1941”. https://forum.axishistory.com//viewtopic.php?t=157416 [Only ground forces, exclude Finland].
[359] Hanc, J. (2014, July 24). “A Fleet of Taxis Did Not Really Save Paris From the Germans During World War I”. Smithsonian Magazine.
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/fleet-taxis-did-not-really-save-paris-germans-during-world-war-i-180952140/
[360] Kral, A. (1991). “Logistic support of an armored division in a deep attack”. US Army Command and General Staff College. Ft. Leavenworth, KS. http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a241430.pdf
[361] For a most excellent account, read: Singh, Bhupindar. (1982.) Role of tanks in India-Pakistan war 1965. Imprint: Patiala, Punjab, India: B.C. Publishers. 296-pages. This has an enlightening account of a corps commander moving around one tank troop of 3 tanks – and breaking it up in two parts.
[362] McClymont , G. (1959). “Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–45 - Chapter 6: Into the Plain.” War History Branch: Wellington, New Zealand. http://tothosewhoserved.org/nz/army/nzarmy08/chapter06.html
[363] Van Creveld, M. (1985). Command in War. Harvard University Press.
[364] Amin, A. (2015, September 6). “The 1965 War – Summary”. Brown Pundits. http://www.brownpundits.com/2015/09/06/the-1965-war-summary-by-major-amin/
[365] Strategy Page (2014, April 9). “Armor: India Stocks Up On APFSDS”. https://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htarm/articles/20140409.aspx
[366] Sputnik (2017, August 8). Indian Army to Make $ 3Bln Purchase to Build Emergency Reserve https://sputniknews.com/asia/201708071056252187-india-missile-defense-systems/
[367] DNA (2017, December 10). Army closes ammunition deals worth Rs 11K crore. https://www.defencenewsindia.com/army-closes-ammunition-deals-worth-rs-11k-crore/
[368] US Army. (1998). Field Manual 20-32 Mine/countermine operations - Part One: Chapter 2 Mine-warfare Principles. https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/fm/20-32/chap2.html
[369] US Army. (2007, July 11). Field Manual FM 3-34.214 – Explosives and Demolitions. https://info.publicintelligence.net/USArmy-Explosives.pdf)
[370] Army Knowledge Online (2018). The General Dennis J. Reimer Training and Doctrine Digital Library. at www.train.army.mil
[371] Vats, R. (2017, August 27). “Pakistan: Defense Canals in South Punjab and Sindh-II (Rahim Yar Khan). http://vatsrohit.blogspot.com/2012/08/canal-based-defenses-in-south-punjab-ii.html
[372] Vats, R. (2017, August 14). ”Pakistan-Defense Canals in South Punjab and Sindh-1 (Sulemanki-Fort Abbas).” http://vatsrohit.blogspot.com/2012/08/pakistan-defensive-canals-in-south.html
[373] Border Security Force (2017, January 1). “Awards and Honors”. BSF Jammu Frontier. http://jmu.bsf.gov.in/honors.htm
[374] US Army. (2007). Army Training Publication FM3-21 Infantry Platoon and Squad. http://www.benning.army.mil/infantry/DoctrineSupplement/ATP3-21.8/
[375] US Defense Intelligence Agency (1984). Handbook of the People’s Liberation Army. https://fas.org/irp/world/china/pla/handbook.pdf
[376] Blasko, D. (2017, June 13). “Recent Developments in the Chinese Army’s Helicopter Force. Jamestown Foundation. https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2017/06/13/recent_developments_in_the_chinese_armys_helicopter_force_111580.html
[377] Baldwin, H. (1964, May 16). “Pentagon Weighs A Guard Shake‐Up”. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1964/05/16/pentagon-weighs-a-guard-shakeup.html
[378] Worsnop, R. (1965, January 20). “Reserve forces and the draft”. US Library of Congress.
http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre1965012000
[379] Khan, A.Z. (2011, April). “Weapons and Tactice: Chapter 6.” Defense Jojurnal (Pakistan). http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/apr/weapons.htm
[380] Moore, H., and Galloway, J. (1991). We were soldiers once and young. Ballantine Books, New York.
[381] Hasenbein, R. (2004). “Wear and erosion in large caliber gun barrels.” www.dtic.mil/get-tr-doc/pdf?AD=ADA440980
[382] (2016). “The Field Artillery Cannon Battery: ATP 3-09.50.” Army Publishing Directorate. http://www.apd.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/pdf/web/atp3_09x50.pdf
[383] Thomas, S. (2016, January 1). “Infantry Unit Frontages during WW2. Steven’s Balagan. http://balagan.info/infantry-unit-frontages-during-ww2
[384] Subramanian, L. (2006, October 12). “Battle of Chushul. Bharat-rakshak.com. https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/ARMY/history/1962war/264-chushul.html
[385] Ladakhdekho.com. (n.d.). “Rezang La”. http://www.ladakhdekho.com/rezang-la.html
[386] Barash, D. (2018, January 18). “Nuclear deterrence is a myth. And a lethal one at that. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jan/14/nuclear-deterrence-myth-lethal-david-barash
[387] Kanwal. G. (2016, October 3). “Pakistan´s Tactical Nuclear Warheads and India´s Nuclear Doctrine.” Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses, New Delhi. https://www.ethz.ch/content/specialinterest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/en/services/digital-library/articles/article.html/be4e0dcc-cfb9-49d1-bb90-ce485cb6f67b
[388] Keck, Z. (2017, November 3). “Pakistan Says It's Ready to Use Nuclear Weapons—Should India Worry?” National Interest. http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/pakistan-says-its-ready-use-nuclear-weapons—should-india-23034
[389] Kanwal, G. (2016, September 21). “Pakistan’s Tactical Nuclear Warheads and India’s Nuclear Doctrine”. Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses, Issue Brief. https://idsa.in/issuebrief/pakistan-tactical-nuclear-warheads-and-india-nuclear-doctrine_gkanwal_210916
[390] Kanwal, G. (2018). “Sharpening the arsenal: India’s evolving nuclear deterrence policy. Harper Collins.
[391] Mishra, S. (2017, June). “Pakistan’s Nuclear Threshold: Not as Low as Perceived”. India Strategic Global, 3(6) http://www.indrastra.com/2017/06/FEATURED-Pakistan-s-Nuclear-Threshold-Not-as-Low-as-Perceived-003-06-2017-0018.html
[392] US Navy Judge Advodate General (1994, June 12). “San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflicts at Sea”, http://w
ww.jag.navy.mil/distrib/instructions/San_Remo_Manual[1].pdf
[393] Bethlehem, D. (2012). “Principles relevant to the scope of a state’s right of self-defense against an imminent or actual armed attack by nonstate actors”. The American Journal of International Law. Vol. 106, p. 1-8. http://www.un.org/law/counsel/Bethlehem%20-%20Self-Defense%20Article.pdf
[394] Gupta, S. (2008). “The Doctrine of Pre-emptive Strike: Application and Implications During the Administration of President George W. Bush”. International Political Science Review (2008), 29(2), 181–196. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0192512107085611
[395] Khilani, S. (1999). The Idea of India. Farrar, Straus, and Giroux: New York.
[396] US Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016, May 9). “History of U.S. Chemical Weapons Elimination”. https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/demil/history.htm
[397] Nuclear Threat Initiative. (2018, April). “North Korea: Chemical”. http://www.nti.org/learn/countries/north-korea/chemical/
[398] Farrell, R. (2017, April). “Thunder Run to Seoul: Assessing North Korea’s War Plan”. Modern War Institute at West Point.
https://mwi.usma.edu/thunder-run-seoul-assessing-north-koreas-war-plan/
[399] Pellerin, C. (2015, April 15). “Asia-Pacific Shift Creates Opportunities, Security Needs”. US Department of Defense. https://www.defense.gov/News/Article/Article/604466/asia-pacific-shift-creates-opportunities-security-needs/
[400] Catlin, A., and Cowen C. (2015, November 19).) “History of Health Spending in the United States, 1960-2013”. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/Downloads/HistoricalNHEPaper.pdf
[401] Fleming, C. (2011, July 28). “U.S. Health Spending Projected to Grow 5.8 Percent Annually”. Health Affairs. https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20110728.012690/full/
[402] Belsie, L., and Trumbull, M. (2018, February 18). “Why fixing US infrastructure matters: $9 per household per day.” Christian Science Monitor. https://www.csmonitor.com/Business/2018/0118/Why-fixing-US-infrastructure-matters-9-per-household-per-day
[403] Heritage Foundation. (2016). “U.S. Navy:
The Navy continues to be marginally capable of defending U.S. interests. Its fleet remains undersized and readiness challenges have grown”. 2016 index of US military strength. http://index.heritage.org/military/2016/assessments/us-military-power/us-navy/
[404] Seck, H. (2017, December 2). “Amid Shortfalls, Most USMC Requests for Ship Training Denied Last Year.” Military.com. https://www.military.com/daily-news/2017/12/02/amid-shortfalls-most-usmc-requests-ship-training-denied-last-year.html
[405] Ward, H. (2016, December 6). “Specialty Coffee Shops: Market Size in the U.S”. Scan News Coffee. http://www.scanews.coffee/2016/12/06/specialty-coffee-shops-market-size-in-the-u-s/
[406] Zhen, L. (2018, January 16). “What’s China’s ‘nine-dash line’ and why has it created so much tension in the South China Sea?” South China Morning Post. http://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/1988596/whats-chinas-nine-dash-line-and-why-has-it-created-so
[407] Mizokami, K. (2015, April 29). “Inside the New U.S.-Japan Defense Guidelines”. US Naval Institute. https://news.usni.org/2015/04/29/inside-the-new-u-s-japan-defense-guidelines
[408] Sayuri Umeda. (2015, September). “Japan: Interpretations of Article 9 of the Constitution”. US Library of Congress. https://www.loc.gov/law/help/japan-constitution/interpretations-article9.php
[409] Claiborne, G. (2017, December 9). E-mail.
[410] Mizokami, K. (2016, October 1). “Why Japan’s Soryu-Class Submarines Are So Good”. The National Interest. http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/why-japans-soryu-class-submarines-are-so-good-17898
[411] Nikkei. (2015, June 15). “High-tech weapons Japan plans Aegis-fleet upgrade to defend US ships”. Nikkei Asian Review. https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/Policy-Politics/Japan-plans-Aegis-fleet-upgrade-to-defend-US-ships?page=2
[412] For details of air inventory, see Flight Gobal World Air Forces 2018, https://www.flightglobal.com/asset/21905/waf/
[413] Military UAS. (2018, April 10). Germany to Buy MQ-4C Triton Systems for $2.5B. https://www.uasvision.com/2018/04/10/germany-to-buy-mq-4c-triton-systems-for-2-5b/
[414] Fassmer. (2018). “90-meter Offshore Patrol Vessel: Technical Data”. https://www.fassmer.de/fileadmin/user_upload/9_Technical_Data_PDFs/fassmer-90m-offshore-patrol-vessel-technical-data.pdf
[415] Australian Army. (2018, January). “Army Order of Battle”. https://www.army.gov.au/our-people/army-order-of-battle
[416] Mohan, V. (2017, January 11). “4 new mechanized battalions for Army”. Tribune. http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/4-new-mechanised-battalions-for-army/349271.html
[417] Banerjee, A. (2017, September 25). “Army changes tack, puts tanks at Akhnoor”. Tribune. http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/army-changes-tack-puts-tanks-at-akhnoor/472976.html
[418] Riza, Shauket (1989). The Pakistan Army 1947-49. p. 294-296. Services Book Club: Lahore
[419] Varma, K. (2017, July 6). “Amid Sikkim standoff, Chinese army conducts exercises in Tibet”. Rediff News. http://www.rediff.com/news/2017/jul/06amid-sikkim-standoff-chinese-army-conducts-exercises-in-tibet.htm
[420] Zhen Liu. (2017, July 19). “Was China’s military drill on Tibet really just an exercise in logsitics?” South China Morning Post. http://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/2103135/was-chinas-military-drill-tibet-really-just-exercise
[421] Associated Press, and You, T. (2017, August 4). “China flaunts heavy artillery guns and military drones during live-fire drills as Beijing warns India that their 'restraint has its limits' in border standoff.” Daily Mail (U.K.). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4760610/China-conduct-live-fire-exercises-warns-India.html
[422] KC, Andrew. (2014, May 10). “OE update of the day: 54th Mechanized Brigade, Tibet MD, Chengdu MR”. China Defense Blogspot. http://china-defense.blogspot.com/2014/05/toe-update-of-day-54th-mechanized.html
[423] Mason, S. (2016, October 26). “Military Budgets in India and Pakistan: Trajectories, Priorities, and Risks”. Stimson Center. Washington, DC. https://www.stimson.org/content/military-budgets-india-and-pakistan-trajectories-priorities-and-risks-0
[424] US Congressional Research Service (2017). “Direct Overt U.S. Aid Appropriations for and Military Reimbursements to Pakistan, FY2002-FY2018”. Federation of American Scientists. https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/pakaid.pdf Please note these are appropriated sums, disbursed is often less.
[425] North American Aerospace Defense Command. (1997, April 22, declassified.) “NORAD/CONAD History, Jan-Jun 60”. (http://www.northcom.mil/Portals/28/Documents/Supporting%20documents/(U)%201960%20NORAD%20CONAD%20History%20Jan-Jun.pdf
[426] Bill. (n.d.). “Nike Missile Base W-25, Maryland”. The Military Standard. http://www.themilitarystandard.com/missile/nike/w25.php
[427] Central Intelligence Agency. (1958, June 5). “Strength and composition of the Soviet long range number force”. p1. Special National Intelligence Estimate Number 11-7-58.
https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/DOC_0000267654.pdf
[428] Farley, R. (2017, August 11). “Why the U.S. Military Didn’t Use Nuclear Weapons During the Korean War”. http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/why-the-us-military-didnt-use-nuclear-weapons-during-the-21863?page=2
[429] Xu Yan, (2003, July 29). “Korean War: From the Perspective of Cost-effectiveness”. China through a lens. http://www.china.org.cn/english/2003/Jul/71093.htm
[430] Indian Planning Commission. (2014). “GDP actual value at current prices”. p.2 (Column 2 from left). Data-book Compiled for use of Planning Commission. http://planningcommission.nic.in/data/datatable/0814/table_4.pdf
[431] Trueman, C. (2015, March 9). Nazi Germany Military Expenditure”. The History Learning Site.
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/nazi-germany/nazi-ger
many-military-expenditure/
[432] Chantrill, C. (2018). “US Defense Spending Spikes from FY 1792 to 2020”. US GovernmentSpending.com. https://www.usgovernmentspending.com/defense_spending
[433] Nuclear weapon Archive. (2006). “Complete List of All U.S. Nuclear Weapons”. http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Usa/Weapons/Allbombs.html
[434] Yankelovitch, D. (1972). “The McNamara Fallacy”. Wikipedia.https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmXoypizjW3WknFiJnKLwHCnL72vedxjQkDDP1mXWo6uco/wiki/McNamara_fallacy.html
[435] Asian News International. (2017, December 19). “Army well equipped with adequate stock of ammunition: MoS Defence Bhamre”. http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/army-well-equipped-with-adequate-stock-of-ammunition-mos-defence-bhamre-117121900340_1.html
[436] Thapliyal, S. (2015, August 29). “Return of Haji Pir Pass in 1965 – Myth and the Reality”. Indian Defense Review. http://www.indiandefencereview.com/spotlights/return-of-haji-pir-pass-in-1965-myth-and-the-reality/
