by Simon Winder
Philip II, King of Spain
Philip II ‘the Bold’, Duke of Burgundy
Philip III, King of Spain
Philip IV, King of Spain
Philip IV ‘the Fair’, King of France
Philip V, King of France
Philip VI, King of France
Philip Augustus (Philip II), King of France
Philip of Rouvres
Philip of Swabia
Philippa of Guelders
Philips-Radio-Film (1931)
Picardy
Piedmont, Kingdom of
pilgrims
plague
Plantin, Christophe
plesiosaur fossils
Poitiers, Battle of (1356)
Poland
Pomeroon
Pope, office of the
Porta Nigra, Trier
Portugal
Pragmatic Sanction (1549)
Prague
Prague Castle
‘prayer nuts’
predestination
priests, marriage of
printing
Protestant Road
Protestant Union (1608–21)
Protestantism
and capitalism
and Henry VIII
and the Huguenots
iconoclasm
and Montbéliard (Mömpelgard)
and Neuchâtel
Philip II’s war against
Swiss
and the Synod of Dort
and the Thirty Years War
see also Calvinism; Lutheranism
Provence
Prüm, Imperial Abbey of
Prussia
and Austria
and France
and Treaty of Xanten (1614)
see also Austro-Prussian War (1866); Franco-Prussian War (1870–71)
railways
Raoul, Duke of Lorraine
Raphael
Rastatt
Rastatt, Siege of (1849)
Rastatt, Treaty of (1714)
Ravaillac, François
Ravensberg, County of
Ravenstein
Recknitz, Battle of (955)
Reformation
Regensburg
Reginar ‘Longneck’
‘Reginarids’
Reichsland Elsaß-Lothringen
relics
religion
see also specific religions
Rémy, Georges (Hergé)
René II, Duke of Lorraine
René of Chalon, Prince of Orange
Revolvierkanone (gun)
Reynaud, Paul
Rheims
Rhine, River
Allied Occupation after WWI
Falls
flood plains
‘Rhine Gold’
Roman era
Tulla’s modernisation of
see also Middle Rhine
Rhine Province, Prussian
Rhineland
and Albrecht Dürer
and Charles the Bold
and the French Revolution
and the Reformation
remilitarization (1936)
Rhodes, Cecil
Rhône, River
Ribbon Lords (Basle)
Ribemont, Treaty of (880)
Richard III, King of England
Richier, Ligier
Flayed Man monument
Ring of the Huns
Röckel, August
Rocroi, Battle of (1643)
Rodin, August: Burghers of Calais
Roland
Rolin, Nicolas
Roma (film,)
Roman Empire
invasion of Britain
Romans
graveyards/plague pits
Rome
sack of
Rotterdam
Roubaix
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques
Royal Air Force
Royal Navy
Royal Palace, Brussels
Rubens, Peter Paul
Rudolf I, Holy Roman Emperor
Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor
Ruhr
Occupation (1923)
Ruhr Valley
Rupert of the Rhine, Prince
Russia
and the First World War
Napoleon’s invasion of (1812)
see also Soviet Union
Ryswick, Treaty of (1697)
’s-Hertogenbosch
St John’s Cathedral
Saalburg, the (Roman fort)
Saarland
and France
and the Treveri
St Elizabeth church, Neroberg
St Eustatius
Saint-Exupéry, Antoine de: Flight to Arras
St George’s Memorial Church, Ypres
Saint Gotthard Pass
St Lambert’s Cathedral, Liège
St Leodegar’s church, Luzern
St Luke, Guild of
St-Martin
St Matthias’ Abbey, Trier
St Nicholas’ Church, Ghent
St Paulinus’ Church, Trier
St Petersburg
St Quentin, Battle of (1557)
St Servatius’ Basilica, Maastricht
St Ursula’s church, Cologne
St Vith
Saint-Hubert
Saint-Pol, County of
Sakuzaemon, Takahashi
Salian dynasty
Salins, Guigone de
Sarcosuchus imperator
Savery, Roelant
Noah Thanking God for Saving Creation
Savoy
Saxons
Saxony
Schaffhausen
Scheldt River
estuary
Schlemmer, Oskar
Schlettstadt (Sélestat)
Schlieffen, Alfred von
Schlieffen plan
Schloß Hochkönigsburg
Schmalkaldic League
Schoolmasters, Guild of
Schwitters, Kurt
Schwyz
Scotland
Reformation
Spanish Armada (1588)
Stuart dynasty
Sealion, Operation (1940)
Second French Empire
Second World War
Sedan, Battle of (1870)
Sedan, Principality of
absorbed by Francen
Academy
Seine, River
Sélestat see Schlettstadt
Sempach, Battle of (1386)
Senfl, Ludwig
Senlis, Treaty of (1493)
Serbia
Séré de Rivières system
Seven Years War (1756–63)
Seventeen Provinces
Seyss-Inquart, Arthur
Sicily
Siebold, Philipp Franz von
Siegfried
Siegfried Line (West Wall)
Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
Silesia
Slankamen, Battle of (1691)
Slavs
Sluis
Sluis, Battle of (1340)
Smollett, Tobias
Travels through France and Italy
Snellius, Willebrord
Somme, First Battle of the (1916)
Somme, River
Sonderbund War (1847)
Song of Roland, The (poem)
Sophia, Electress of Hanover
Sorel, Agnès
Spa
Spain
treasure fleet
Spanish Armada (1588)
Spanish Empire
Spanish flu pandemic (1918)
Spanish (Habsburg) Netherlands
and Austria
Charles II in exile
and France
and Germany
and Twelve Years Truce
see also Austrian Netherlands
Spanish Road
Spanish Succession, War of the (1701–14)
Spanish Truce see Twelve Years Truce
spas
Speyer
Cathedral
Spinola, Ambrogio
Splinter Sands, Dunkirk
SS Charlemagne Division
Stanley, Henry Morton
Statue of Liberty
Stavelot
Stavelot Abbey
Stavelot-Malmédy
Stellingabund
Sterne, Laurence
A Sentimental Journey
Tristram Shandy
Stevinus, Simon
Stiftskirche, Baden-Baden
Strasbourg
Astronomical Clock
Cathedral
Siege of (1870)
Struve, Gustav von
Stuart dynasty
Suchard, Philippe
Suebi
Sundgau
Swabia
Swabians
Swiss Confederation, northern part
Switzerland
army
cantons
and the First World War
formation
and Napoleon III
nationalism
neutrality
and Savoy
and the Second World War
and the Sonderbund War
and the Thirty Years War
Sydney, Sir Philip
tapestries
tea
Ternate
Teutberga
Teutonic Knights
Thames, River
Dutch raid (1667)
The Hague (Den Haag)
Theban Legion martyrs
thériaque (‘Venetian treacle’)
Thiepval, Lutyens’ monument at
Thionville, Merlin de
Third Reich
Thirty Years War (1618–48)
Thomas à Kempis: The Imitation of Christ
Three Bishoprics
see also Metz; Tull; Wirten
Three Kings Hotel, Basle
Thurgau
Timor
Tintin
Tirailleurs Sénégalais
Toul
Cathedral
Touré, Samory
Tournai (Doornik)
Musée des Beaux Arts
part of the Department of Jemappe
plague (1349)
tapestry museum
Trafalgar, Battle of (1805)
Treitschke, Heinrich
Trent, Council of (1543–63)
Treveri
Triadic Ballet
tribal duchies (stem duchies)
Tribschen
Trier (Trèves)
abbey of St Mathias
church of St Maximin
church of St Paulinus
Golden Bull (1356)
massacres of Jews
part of the Rhine Province
Roman capital
and the Treveri
Tromp, Admiral Maarten
Tuileries palace
Tull, Bishopric of
Tulla, Johann
Tuscany, Grand Duchy of
Twelve Years Truce
Union Minière du Haut Katanga
United Provinces see Dutch Republic
United States
independence
nationalism
Unterwalden
Urban II, Pope
Uri
Ursula, St, and Her Eleven Thousand virgins
Ussher, Archbishop: The Annals of the Old Testament
Utrecht
and Amsterdam
and Charles the Bold
and Charles V
Concordat of Worms (1122)
and Roelant Savary
Utrecht, Bishopric of, see Overijssel
Utrecht, Treaty of (1713–15)
V-weapons
Valmy, Battle of (1792)
van Balen, Hendrick: Saint John Preaching in the Wilderness
van Coehorn, Menno
van der Werf, Pieter
van der Weyden, Rogier
van Doesburg, Theo
van Dyck, Anthony
van Eyck, Jan
Arnolfini Marriage
van Gogh, Vincent
van Oldenbarnevelt, Johan
Vauban, Sébastien, Marquis de
Vaudemont, Hugues de
Vaughan, Henry
Velázquez, Diego
Venice
Verdun
First World War
Séré de Rivières system
Verdun, Siege of (1792)
Verdun, Treaty of (843)
Vermeer, Johannes
Veronese, Paolo: The Wedding at Cana
Versailles
Versailles, Treaty of (1919)
Vichy regime
Victor, St
Vienna
and the Ottoman Empire
tomb of Frederick III
Vienna, Battle of (1683)
Vienna, Siege of (1529)
Vikings
Christianization
raids
visions, mystical
Vos, Maerten de: The Wedding at Cana
Vottem
Waal River
Waasland
Wagner, Cosima
Wagner, Richard
Lohengrin
Siegfried Idyll
The Ring of the Nibelung
Walcheren
Walcheren expedition (1809)
Waldburg, Gebhard von, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne
Waldensians
Waldrada
Walloon Church
Walloon Legion
Water Hall, Bruges
Watergeuzen
Waterloo, Battle of (1815)
Weber, Max
Wellesley, Arthur, Duke of Wellington
Wenzel, King of the Germans
Werth, Léon: Days
West Francia
creation of
and Lotharingia
West Roosebeke, Battle of (1382)
Western Europe
and Charles the Bold
and continuity of religious belief
and famine
and the Reformation
and religion
and the territories of France
Westphalia, Province of
Westphalia, Treaty of (1648)
White Canons, Abbey of
Wibold, Abbot
Wiesbaden
Wilhelm I, Kaiser
Wilhelm II, Kaiser
‘Wilhelm III’, Kaiser
Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands
William I, Count of Holland
William I, King of England (William the Conqueror)
William I, King of the Netherlands
William II, Count of Holland
William II, Duke of Bavaria, Count of Holland, Zeeland and Hainaut
William III, King of England (William of Orange)
William III, King of the Netherlands
William V, Prince of Orange
William VII, Lord of Chalon
William, Prince, Duke of Gloucester
William the Silent, Prince of Orange
as Hercules
and Leiden University
born William of Nassau
Windsor Castle, Waterloo Chamber
Wolffortt, Artus: Adoration of the Magi
World Congress of Esperanto
World’s Fair (1913)
Worms
First Crusade and massacre of Jews
and the meeting of Charles V and Martin Luther
and the Rhine
Worms, Concordat of (1122)
Worms, Diet of (1521)
Worms, Synod of (1076)
Worms Cathedral
Wurlitzer, Franz Rudolph
Württemberg, Dukes of
Württemberg, Kingdom of
Xanten
Cathedral
Colonia Ulpia Traiana
‘The Immunity’
Xanten, Treaty of (1614)
Yaakov ha-bahur
York, Frederick, Duke of
Ypres (Ieper)
Cloth Hall
and the English wool trade
St Georg
e’s Memorial Church
Siege of (1383)
war museum
and the ‘year of the great death’
Ypres Salient
Zeebrugge (Bruges-sur-Mer)
Zeeland
and Canary Islands
floods in
Second World War
Walcheren Expedition (1809)
Zeeland, County of
Zeelandic Flanders
Zierikzee, Siege of (1575–6)
Zimmerman, Arthur
zinc mines
Zola, Émile
Zuiderzee
Zurich (Zürich)
Cabaret Voltaire
Great Minster
Lenin stays in
and Reformation iconoclasm
and Theban Legion
Zürich, Lake
Zutphen
Zutphen, Battle of (1586)
Zutphen, County of
Zuyderzée
Zwolle
Illustration Credits
The title page shows a detail from the funeral of Archduke Albert, engraved by Cornelis Galle after Jacques Franckaert, 1623 (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam). The image immediately preceding the introduction is a medieval miniature from the Croniques des rois de France somewhat schematically showing Louis the Pious (right) posthumously blessing the Empire’s split into West Francia (Charles the Bald), Lotharingia (Lothair I) and East Francia (Louis the German) (Alamy). Chapter one: Objects recovered from the tomb of Childeric I in Tournai. From Jean-Jacques Chifflet’s Anastasis Childerici I. Francorum Regis, siue Thesaurus Sepulchralis Tornaci Nerviorum … (The Resurrection of Childeric the First, King of the Franks, or the Funerary Treasure of Tournai of the Nervians), published in Antwerp in 1655 by Moretus (the family that inherited the Plantin business – see chapter seven). Chapter two: A somewhat conjectural image of Godfrey de Bouillon at the Siege of Jerusalem. From Hutchinson’s History of the Nations, published 1915. (Design Pics Inc/REX/Shutterstock). Chapter three: An illustration from Hildegard von Bingen’s Scivias showing the Trinity (Jesus at the centre and the two circles representing unillustratable God and the Holy Ghost), from the Rupertsberg Codex – the twelfth-century original disappeared, probably destroyed during the bombing of Dresden, but fortunately the nuns of the abbey of Eibingen painted accurate copies in the 1920s and early 1930s (akg-images). Chapter four: Jan van Eyck’s Saint Barbara, 1437 (Royal Fine Arts Museum, Antwerp/Alamy). Chapter five: Niklas Reiser’s portrait of Mary the Rich, c. 1500 (Ambras Castle, Innsbruck/Alamy). Chapter six: Hans Holbein’s Dance of Death, c. 1526 – the old man being helped to his grave. Chapter seven: sketches of dodos by Roelandt Savery, c. 1626 (Crocker Art Museum, Sacramento/Alamy). Chapter eight: mid-eighteenth-century engraving of different forms of fortification by Blaise François Pagan and Sébastian Le Prestre de Vauban (akg-images). Chapter nine: drawing of Anton van Leeuwenhoek and tiny friends by Gaetano Gandolfi, eighteenth century (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York). Chapter ten: Detail from an engraving, c. 1801, showing how Napoleon might attack England using a Channel tunnel and an armada of hot-air balloons (Pictorial Press/Alamy). Chapter eleven: A still of Bruno S. in Werner Herzog’s The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser (Jeder für sich und Gott gegen alle), 1974. Chapter twelve: The Strasbourg Statue in the Place de la Concorde draped in mourning, May 1871 (Roger-Viollet/TopFoto). Chapter thirteen: British tanks from the Allied occupation forces by the west front of Cologne Cathedral, c. 1919 (The Tank Museum, Bovington). Chapter fourteen: the ruins of St Laurentius Church and the inner city of Rotterdam after the aerial bombing of the city, 14/15 May 1940 (akg-images/ullstein bild).
