Historical Dictionary of Chan Buddhism
Page 33
Fascicles 1 and 2 are records of the seven Buddhas of the past, the 28 Indian Chan patriarchs, and the 6 Chinese patriarchs. Starting in fascicle 3, the book documents various Chan lineages derived from Huineng, while including some records for the lineages that were not derived from Huineng, such as Niutou Farong, Shenxiu, and Hui’an. Fascicle 3 includes records of Huineng’s eight disciples, beginning with the two most important, Qingyuan Xingsi and Nanyue Huairang, who link Huineng to Shitou Xiqian and Mazu Daoyi. From fascicles 4 to 20, the book is devoted to the two great lineages of Shitou and Mazu. Reflecting the compilers’ own factional preferences, 10 fascicles and 104 entries are devoted to the lineage of Shitou. Specifically to promote the lineage of Xuefeng Yicun, the book covers eight generations of descendants from Shitou, rather than seven generations of other lineages, to include Yicun’s disciples and the abbot Wendeng himself.
Although only seven fascicles and 84 entries are devoted to the lineage of Mazu, in his verse commemorating Mazu, Wendeng showed that he and his lineage embraces, and were part of, the new trend represented by Mazu. As the book demonstrates, many masters of the Shitou lineage used similar methods of shouting and beating and were indistinguishable in style and teaching from those in the lineage of Mazu. Being a multilineal model, the narrative of the book thus focuses on the collective approach and heritage of this new Chan movement, rather than on the differences in individual styles and teachings that would be the focus of the later yulu texts, and also distinguishes itself from early transmission records that exclusively championed a particular lineage. Although in about 50 years it would be overshadowed by the compilation of the more comprehensive and imperially sanctioned Jingde Chuandeng Lu (Jingde Era Record of the Transmission of the Lamp), the Zutang Ji contains a greater wealth of idiomatic prose than the latter without being subjected to editorial standardization. In addition to the study of its language, contemporary scholars have called attention to the nature of its narrative as Chan hagiographical writing serving the didactic purposes of Chan Buddhism and helping to define the identity of the new movement. The Zutang Ji is also seen from a formerly forgotten angle as the record of the political associations of Chan’s most prominent masters: how they developed their relationships with local authorities, won political patronage, and benefited from regionalism during the period of the late Tang and Five Dynasties.
ZUTING SHIYUAN
Anecdotes from the Patriarchs’ Halls, the earliest dictionary of Chan, completed by Mu-an Shanqing (d.u.) of the Northern Song dynasty in 1108, after 20 years of writing and research. It was reprinted in 1154. Arranged in eight fascicles, the Zuting Shiyan collected more than 2,400 entries—anecdotes, quotes, events, proverbs, dialects, personal names, names of places, technical terms, difficult vocabularies—taken from 17 important Chan texts in the early Song (some were later lost). Most of these texts were from the Yunmen school, but some were also from the Linji and Fayan schools, including the recorded sayings (yulu), poems (jisong), and commentaries on the gong’an, with regard to Yunmen Wenyan, Xuedou Chongxian, Fayan Wenyi, Yongjia Xuanjue, and others. Each entry was provided with a definition, explanation, source or origin, and correction of errors. The author offered clarifications, utilized various evidence, and checked and cited more than 300 sources, scriptures and treatises, both Buddhist and non-Buddhist, religious and secular.
The purpose of this book, as Shanqing indicated, was to help students who were at the beginning stage and had no knowledge of the origin and meaning of the Chan teachers’ many sayings or cases of the gong’an. Although Shanqing worried that his project as a literary work might go against the Chan tradition of “not establishing letters and words” and “the transmission from the mind to mind,” he believed that the key to the study of Chan was not to abandon words, but to acquire meaning beyond words after utilizing words. The later Chan books did cite the Zuting Shiyuan from Song to Qing, even though some extremists wanted to destroy it. Modern scholars of Chan also acknowledge its usefulness, including the use of materials that cannot be found elsewhere.
Glossary of Chinese Terms
Anban Shaoyi Jing 安般守意經
Anhui 安徽
An Lushan 安祿山
An Shigao 安世高
Ayuwang Si 阿育王寺
Bai Juyi 白居易
Baiyun Shouduan 白雲守端
Baiyun Zixiang 白雲子祥
Baizhang Guanglu 百丈廣錄
Baizhang Huaihai 百丈懷海
Baizhang Qinggui 百丈清規
Banzhou Sanmei Jing 般舟三昧經
Baojing Sanmei 寶鏡三昧
Baolin Si 寶林寺
Baolin Zhuan 寶林傳
Baotang zong 保唐宗
bazhi toutuo 八指頭陀
beiming 碑銘
Beishan Lu 北山錄
Bei Zang 北藏
Bei zong 北宗
ben 本
Benjing 本淨
benjue 本覺
benlai mianmu 本來面目
benlai wuyiwu 本來無一物
benseyu 本色語
benti 本體
ben xiangtong 本相同
benxin 本心
benxing 本性
benyuan 本源
benze 本則
Bianrong 辨融
biaozong zhang 標宗章
bielu 別錄
bieyu 別語
biguan 壁觀
bin 賓
bin kan bin 賓看賓
bin kan zhu 賓看主
Biyan Ji 碧巖集
Biyan Lu 碧巖錄
Boshan Heshang Canchan Jing- yu 博山和尚參禪警語
bu’er 不二
bu’er famen不二法門
bujia wenzi 不假文字
bujing guan 不淨觀
buju wenzi 不拘文字
buli sengzhi huo fashen 不歷僧祇獲法身
buli wenzi 不立文字
bushiwu 不是物
bushuopo 不說破
buxiu buzuo 不修不坐
buyan zhijiao 不言之教
Cangjing Lou 藏經樓
Cantong Qi 參同契
Caodong zong 曹洞宗
Caoshan Benji 曹山本寂
Caoxi 曹溪
Caoxi Dashi Zhuan曹溪大師傳
chan 禪
Chang’an 長安
Changlu Congxin 長蘆崇信
Changlu Zongze 長蘆宗賾
Changuan Cejin 禪關策進
Chanjiao yizhi 禪教一致
Chanjing shuangxiu 禪淨雙修
Chanlin Baoxun 禪林寶訓
Chanlin Beiyong Qinggui 禪林備用清規
Chanlin Sengbao Zhuan 禪林僧寶傳
Chanmen Guishi 禪門規式
Chanmen Miyaojue 禪門密要訣
chanxue 禪學
Chanyuan Qinggui 禪苑清規
Chanyuan Zhuquanji Duxu 禪源諸詮集都序
Chanzong 禪宗
chaofo 超佛
chen 臣
Chengdu 成都
chengfo 成佛
Chengguan 澄觀
Cheng Hao 程灝
Cheng Yi 程頤
Chixiu Baizhang Qinggui 敕修百丈清規
Chongyuan 崇遠
Chuan Fabao Ji 傳法寶記
chuanfa ji 傳法偈
Chuanfa Zhengzong Dingzu Tu傳法正宗定祖圖
Chuanfa Zhengzong Ji 傳法正宗記
Chuanfa Zhengzong Lun 傳法正宗論
Chuanxin Fayao 傳心法要
chuishi 垂示
Chuji 處寂
chulei shidao er renxin 觸類是道而任心
Chu Sanzang Ji Ji 出三藏記集
chushi 出世
cibei guan 慈悲觀
Ciyun 慈運
Cizhou Fangnian 慈舟方念
Cizhou Zhiru 磁州智如
Conglin Jiaoding Qinggui Zong- yao 叢林校訂清規總要
Congrong Lu 從容錄
Dachuan Puji 大川普濟
Daguan Tanying 達觀曇穎
Daguan Zhenke 達觀真可
Dahong Bao’en 大洪抱恩
Dahui Chanshi Chanzong Zaduhai 大慧禪師禪宗雜毒海
Dahui pai 大慧派
Dahui Pujue Chanshi Yulu 大慧普覺禪師語錄
Dahui Pujue Chanshi Zongmen Wuku 大慧普覺禪師宗門武庫
Dahui Pushuo 大慧普說
Dahui Shu 大慧書
Dahui Zonggao 大慧宗杲
daiyu 代語
Daizong 代宗
Dajian Chanshi 大鑒禪師
Daji Chanshi 大寂禪師
Damei Fachang 大梅法常
Damoduoluo Chan Jing 達摩多羅禪經
Danxia Tianran 丹霞天然
Danxia Zichun 丹霞子淳
dao 道
Dao’an 道安
daochang 道場
Dao De Jing 道德經
Daojia 道家
Daojiao 道教
Daosheng 道生
Daoxin 道信
Daoxuan 道宣
dao xu tongliu 道須通流
Dasheng Qixin Lun 大乘起信論
Dasheng Wu Fangbian Beizong 大乘五方便北宗
Dayang Jingxuan 大陽警玄
Dazang Jing 大藏經
Dazhi Chanshi 大智禪師
Dazhu Huihai 大珠慧海
denglu 燈錄
dengshi 燈史
Deshan Yuanmi 德山緣密
Deshan Xuanjian 德山宣鑒
Dezong 德宗
ding 定
dinghui bu’er 定慧不二
diyi chanhui 第一懺悔
Donglin Changzong 東林常總
Dongshan Famen 東山法門
Dongshan Liangjie 洞山良价
Dongshan Shouchu 洞山守初
Dongshan Yulu 洞山語錄
Dongyang Dehui 東陽德輝
Duanqiao Miaolun 斷橋妙倫
Du Fei 杜朏
Dunhuang 敦煌
dunjiao 頓教
dunwu 頓悟
Dunwu Yaomen 頓悟要門
Dunwu Rudao Yaomen Lun 頓悟入道要門論
dunxiu 頓修
Ehu Dayi 鵝湖大義
Erru Sixing Lun 二入四行論
fa 法
Fachi 法持
Fahai 法海
Fahua Xuanyi 法華玄義
fangbian 方便
fangbian you duomen 方便有多門
fangzhang 方丈
Fan Zhongyan 范仲淹
Faru 法如
fashen 法身
Fashuo bu’er 法說不二
fasi 法嗣
fatang 法堂
fati 法體
Faxiang 法相
Fayan Wenyi 法眼文益
Fayan zong 法眼宗
fayou 法友
Fayu 法語
Fayuan 法遠
feibuli yuyan 非不離語言
feili yuyan 非離語言
fei wuyan 非無言
feixin feifo 非心非佛
Feiyin Tongrong 費隱通容
fenbie 分別
fengfo shafo 逢佛殺佛
Fenggan 豐干
Fengqiao Yepo 風橋夜泊
Fengxue Yanzhao 風穴延沼
fengzu shazu 逢祖殺祖
Fenyang Shanzhao 汾陽善昭
fodian 佛殿
fofa 佛法
Fojian Huiqin 佛鑒慧勤
Foku Weize 佛窟惟則
Fori Qisong 佛日契嵩
Fotuobatuoluo 佛陀跋陀羅
foxin 佛心
foxing 佛性
foxing lun 佛性論
foxing wei jiexing 佛性為戒性
Foxue Jingshe 佛學精舍
Foyan Qingyuan 佛眼清遠
Fozu Lidai Tongzai 佛祖歷代通載
Fozu Tongcan Ji 佛祖同參集
Fozu Tongji 佛祖統紀
Fu Fazang Yinyuan Zhuan 付法藏因緣傳
Fujian 福建
Fujiao Bian 輔教編
Funiu Zizai 伏牛自在
Furong Daokai 芙蓉道楷
Fushan Fayuan 浮山法遠
Fuyan Jingshe 福巖精舍
Fu Zai 苻載
Fuzhou 福州
Gansu 甘肅
Gao’an Dayu 高安大愚
Gaofeng Dashi Yulu 高峰大師語錄
Gaofeng Yuanmiao 高峰原妙
Gaoseng Zhuan 高僧傳
Gaozong 高宗
geduan liangtou ju 隔斷兩頭句
geteng 葛藤
geteng Chan 葛藤禪
geyi 格義
gong’an 公案
gongfu 功夫
gou 垢
Guangdong 廣東
guanglu 廣錄
Guangxi 廣西
Guangxiao Si 光孝寺
guangyu 廣語
Guang Yuanjiao 廣原教
Guangzhou 廣州
guanxin 觀心
Guanxin Lun 觀心論
guanxin shimen 觀心十門
Guanxi Zhixian 灌溪志閑
Guifeng Zongmi 圭峰宗密
Guishan Jingce 潙山警策
Guishan Lingyou 潙山靈祐
Guiyang zong 潙仰宗
gui yuanxing wu’er 歸元性無二
Gulin Qingmao 古林清茂
Guo’an Shiyuan 郭庵師遠
guoshi 國師
gu qinggui 古清規
Gushan 鼓山
Gushan Chan 鼓山禪
Guyin Yuncong 古隱蘊聰
Guze 古則
Guzunsu Yulu 古尊宿語錄
Haichao Yin 海潮音
Hanshan Deqing 憨山德清
Hanshan Laoren Mengyou Quanji 憨山老人夢遊全集
Hanshan 寒山
Hanshan Si 寒山寺
Hanshanzi Shiji 寒山子詩集
Hanyue Fazang 漢月法藏
Hebei 河北
Helin Xuansu 鶴林玄素
Henan 河南
Heze Shenhui 荷澤神會
Heze zong 荷澤宗
Hongren 弘忍
Hongzhi Chanshi Guanglu 宏智禪師廣錄
Hongzhi Lu 宏智錄
Hongzhi Zhengjue 宏智正覺
Hongzhou 洪州
Hongzhou zong 洪州宗
Hongbian 弘辯
Huangbo Xiyun 黃蘗希運
Huanglong Huinan 黃龍慧南
Huanglong pai 黃龍派
Huanglong sanguan 黃龍三關