Historical Dictionary of Chan Buddhism

by Youru Wang

  Zhang Wenliang 張文良. “Hanyue Fazang Lun Rulai Chan Yu Zushi Chan 漢月法藏論如來禪與祖師禪 (Hanyue Fazang on Tathāgata Chan and Patriarch Chan).” Fayin 3 (1995): 29–35.

  Zhang Wenliang 張文良. Yongzheng yu Chanzong 雍正與禪宗 (Yongzheng and Chan Buddhism). Taibei: Laogu Wenhua Shiye Gufen Youxian Gongsi, 1997.

  Zhang Yong 張勇. Fudashi Yanjiu 傅大士研究 (A Study of Fu Dashi). Chengdu: Bashu Shushe, 2000.

  Zhang Yong 張勇. Zhaozhou CongshenYanjiu Ziliao Jizhu 趙州從諗研究資料輯注 (Editorial Studies on the Mateirials about Zhaozhou Congshen). Chengdu: Bashu Shushe, 2006.

  Zhang Yunjiang 張雲江. Fayan Wenyi Chanshi 法眼文益禪師 (The Chan Master of Fayan Wenyi). Fuzhou: Xiamen Daxue Chubanshe, 2010.

  Zhao Dekun 趙德坤. Zhiyue Yu Huachan: Xuedou Chongxian Yanjiu 指月與話禪: 雪竇重顯研究 (Pointing to the Moon and Talking about Chan: Studies on Xuedou Chongxian). Beijing: Zhongguo Shehui Kexue Chubanshe, 2014.

  Zhou Yukai 周裕鍇. Songseng Huihong Xinglü Zhushu Biannian Zongan 宋僧惠洪行履著述編年總案 (The Critical Edition of the Chronicle of Song Monk Huihong’s Life and Works). Beijing: Gaodeng Jiaoyu Chubanshe, 2010.

  Studies on Monastic Institutions and Practices

  Ahn, Juhn Y. “Who Has the Last Word in Chan? Transmission, Secrecy and Reading During the Northern Song Dynasty.” Journal of Chinese Religions 37, no. 1 (2009): 1–72.

  Buswell, Jr., Robert E. “The ‘Short-cut’ Approach of K’an-hua Meditation: The Evolution of a Practical Subitism in Chinese Ch’an Buddhism.” In Sudden and Gradual Approaches to Enlightenment in Chinese Thought, edited by Peter N. Gregory, 321–77. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1987.

  Buswell, Jr., Robert E.. “The Transformation of Doubt (yiqing 疑情) in Chinese Buddhist Meditation.” In Love and Emotions in Traditional Chinese Literature, edited by Halvor Eifring, 225–36. Leiden: Brill, 2004.

  Chappel, David W. “Formless Repentance in Comparative Perspective.” In Fo Kuang Shan Report of International Conference on Ch’an Buddhism, 251–67. Kao-hsiung, Taiwan: Fo Kuang Publisher, 1990.

  Chen, Jinhua. “An Alternative View of the Meditation Tradition in China: Meditation in the Life and Works of Daoxuan (596–667).” T’oung Pao 88, nos. 4–5 (2002): 332–95.

  Ch’en, Kenneth. “The Sale of Monk Certificates during the Sung Dynasty: A Factor in the Decline of Buddhism in China.” Harvard Theological Review 49 (1956): 307–27.

  Collcutt, Martin. “The Early Ch’an Monastic Rule: Ch’ing-kuei and the Shaping of Ch’an Community Life.” In Early Ch’an in China and Tibet, edited by Whalen Lai and Lewis R. Lancaster, 165–83. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley Buddhist Studies Series, 1983.

  DeBlasi, Anthony. “A Parallel World: A Case Study of Monastic Society, Northern Song to Ming.” Bulletin of Sung-Yuan Studies 28 (1998): 155–75.

  Donner, Neal. “The Mahayanization of Chinese Dhyāna.” The Eastern Buddhist 10, no. 2 (1977): 49–64.

  Faure, Bernard, ed. Chan Buddhism in Ritual Context. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003.

  Faure, Bernard. “One-Practice Samādhi in Early Chan.” In Traditions of Meditation in Chinese Buddhism, edited by Peter N. Gregory, 99–128. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1986.

  Faure, Bernard. “Relics and Flesh Bodies: The Creation of Ch’an Pilgrimage Sites.” In Pilgrims and Sacred Sites in China, edited by Susan Naquin and Chun-fang Yu, 150–89. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.

  Faure, Bernard. “Substitute Bodies in Chan/Zen Buddhism.” In Religious Reflections on the Human Body, edited by Jane Marie Law, 211–29. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995.

  Foulk, T. Griffith. “The ‘Ch’an School’ and Its Place in the Buddhist Monastic Tradition.” PhD diss., University of Michigan, 1987

  Foulk, T. Griffith. “Chanyuan Qinggui and Other ‘Rules of Purity’ in Chinese Buddhism.” In The Zen Canon: Understanding the Classic Texts, edited by Steven Heine and Dale S. Wright, 275–312. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.

  Foulk, T. Griffith. “The Daily Life in the Assembly (Ju-chung jih-yung) and Its Place Among Ch’an and Zen Monastic Rules.” Ten Directions 12, no. 1 (1991): 25–34.

  Foulk, T. Griffith. “Myth, Ritual, and Monastic Practice in Sung Ch’an Buddhism.” In Religion and Society in T’ang and Sung China, edited by Patricia Buckley Ebrey and Peter N. Gregory, 147–208. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press. 1993.

  Foulk, T. Griffith, and Robert H. Sharf. ‘‘On the Ritual Use of Ch’an Portraiture in Medieval China.’’ Cahiers d’Extrême-Asie 7 (1993–1994): 149–219.

  Gimello, Robert M. “Early Hua-yen, Meditation, and Early Ch’an: Some Preliminary Considerations.” In Early Ch’an in China and Tibet, edited by Whalen Lai and Lewis R. Lancaster, 149–64. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley Buddhist Studies Series, 1983.

  Gregory, Peter N., ed. Traditions of Meditation in Chinese Buddhism. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1986.

  Gregory, Peter N. “Tsung-mi’s Perfect Enlightenment Retreat: Ch’an Ritual During the T’ang Dynasty.” Cahiers d’Extrême-Asie 7 (1994): 115–47.

  Groner, Paul. “The Ordination Ritual in the Platform Sūtra within the Context of the East Asian Buddhist Vinaya Tradition.” In Fo Kuang Shan Report of International Conference on Ch’an Buddhism, 220–50. Kao-hsiung, Taiwan: Fo Kuang Publisher, 1990.

  Heine, Steven, and Dale Wright, eds. Zen Ritual: Studies of Zen Buddhist Theory in Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

  Huang Kui 黃奎. Zhongguo Chanzong Qinggui 中國禪宗清規 (The Rules of Purity of Chinese Chan). Beijing: Zongjiao Wenhua Chubanshe, 2008.

  Ishii Shūdō 石井修道. “Chūgoku no gozan jissetsu seido no kiso teki kenkyū 中國の五山十剎制度の基礎的研究 (Studies on the Foundation of the Chinese System of Five Mountains and Ten Monasteries).” Parts 1–4. Komazawa Daigaku Bukkyō Gakubu ronshū 駒沢大學仏教學部論集 13–16 (1982–1985).

  Jia, Jinhua. “The Creation and Codification of Monastic Regulations at Mount Baizhang.” Journal of Chinese Religions 33 (2005): 39–59.

  Ji Zhe and Philip Liddell. “The Establishment of a Lay Clergy by the Modern Chan Society: Some Logics in the Field of Modern Chinese Buddhism.” China Perspectives 59 (2005): 56–65.

  Jorgensen, John. “The ‘Imperial’ Lineage of Ch’an Buddhism: The Role of Confucian Ritual and Ancestor Worship in Ch’an’s Search for Legitimation in the mid-Tang Dynasty.” Papers on Far Eastern History 35 (1987): 89–133.

  Kiechnick, John. “The Symbolism of the Monk’s Robe in China.” Asia Major, 3rd ser., 12, no. 1 (1999): 9–32.

  King, Winston L. “A Comparison of Theravada and Zen Meditational Methods and Goals.” History of Religions 9 (1970): 304–15.

  Kondō Ryōichi 近藤良一. “Hyakujō shingi no seiritsu to sono genkei 百丈清規の成立とその原型 (The Establishment and Provenance of Baizhang’s Rules of Purity).” Hokkaidō Komazawa Daigaku kenkyū kiyō北海道駒澤大學研究紀要 3 (1968): 19–48.

  Lee Kit-wah 李潔華. “T’ang-Sung Ch’an-tsung chih ti-li fen-pu 唐宋禅宗之地理分佈 (The Geographical Spread of the Chan School in Tang and Song).” Hsin Ya Hsueh-pao 新亞學報 13 (1979): 211–362.

  Levering, Miriam. “Guanyin/Avalokiteśvara in Encounter Dialogues: Creating a Place for Guanyin in Chinese Chan Buddhism.” Journal of Chinese Religion 34, no. 1 (2006): 1–28.

  Pachow, W. “Chinese Ch’an: A Transformation of Indian Dhyāna.” Chinese Culture 26, no. 2 (1985): 45–58.

  Poceski, Mario. “Chan Rituals of the Abbots’ Ascending the Dharma Hall to Preach.” In Zen Ritual: Studies of Zen Buddhist Theory in Practice, edited by Steven Heine and Dale Wright, 83–111. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.

  Poceski, Mario. “Xuefeng’s Code and the Chan School’s Participation in the Development of Monastic Regulations.” Asia Major, n.s., 16, no. 2 (2003): 33–56.

  Robson, James. “A Tang Dynasty Chan Mummy (Roushen) an
d a Modern Case of Furta Sacra? Investigating the Contested Bones of Shitou Xiqian.” In Chan Buddhism in Ritual Context, edited by Bernard Faure, 151–78. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003.

  Rošker, Jana S. “Mindfulness and Its Absence—The Development of the Term Mindfulness and the Meditation Techniques Connected to It from Daoist Classics to the Sinicized Buddhism of the Chan School.” Azijske študije (Spletna izd) 4, no.2 (2016): 35–56.

  Schlutter, Morten. “Vinaya Monasteries, Public Abbacies, and State Control of Buddhism under the Song Dynasty (960–1279).” In Going Forth: Visions of Buddhist Vinaya: Essays Presented in Honor of Professor Stanley Weinstein, edited by William M. Bodiford, 136–60. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2005.

  Shahar, Meir. “‘Ancestral Transmission’ in Chinese Buddhist Monasteries: The Example of the Shaolin Temple.” In India in the Chinese Imagination: Myth, Religion, and Thought, edited by John Keischnick and Meir Shahar, 110–24. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013.

  Shahar, Meir. The Shaolin Monastery: History, Religion, and the Chinese Martial Arts. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2008.

  Sharf, Robert H. “The Idolization of Enlightenment: On the Mummification of Ch’an Masters in Medieval China.” History of Religions 32, no. 1 (1992): 1–31.

  Sharf, Robert H. “On Pure Land Buddhim and Ch’an/Pure Land Syncretism in Medieval China.” Toung Pao 88, no. 4–5 (2002), 282–331.

  Shengkai 聖凱. “Tangdai Chanzong Chanfa Xintan 唐代禪宗懺法新探 (New Studies on the Methods of Repentance in Tang Chan Buddhism).” In Zhongguo Fojiao Chanfa Yanjiu 中國佛教懺法研究 (Studies in the Methods of Repentance in Chinese Buddhism), 307–29. Beijing: Zongjiao Wenhua Chubanshe, 2004.

  Wang Dawei 王大偉. Songyuan Chanzong Qinggui Yanjiu 宋元禪宗清規研究 (Studies in the Chan Rules of Purity in the Song and Yuan Dynasties). Beijing: Zongjiao Wenhua Chubanshe, 2013.

  Wong Ngai-ying. “The Gradual and Sudden Paths of Tibetan and Chan Buddhism: A Pedagogical Perspective.” Journal of Thought 33, no. 2 (1998): 9–23.

  Wu Zhou 吳洲. Zhongwan Tang Chanzong Dili Kaoshi 中晚唐禪宗地理考釋 (The Geographical Investigation on the Chan School in the Mid and Late Tang Dynasty). Beijing: Zhongjiao Wenhua Chubanshe, 2012.

  Yifa. “From the Chinese Vinaya Tradition to Chan Regulations: Continuity and Adaptation.” In Going Forth: Visions of Buddhist Vinaya, edited by William M. Bodiford, 124–35. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2005.

  Yü, Chün-fang. “Buddha-invocation (nien-fo) as Koan.” Journal of Dharma 2 (1977): 189–203.

  Yü, Chün-fang. “Ch’an Education in the Sung: Ideals and Procedures.” In William T. de Bary and John W. Chaffee, eds. Neo-Confucian Education: The Formative Stage, 57–104. New York, Columbia University Press, 1989.

  Yü, Lu K’uan (Charles Luk). The Secrets of Chinese Meditation. London: Rider, 1964.

  Social-Political, Cultural, and Gender Studies

  Abe Chōichi 阿部肇一. Zenshū shakai to shinkō: Zoku Chūgoku zenshūshi no kenkyū 禅宗社會と信仰－続中國褝宗史の研究 (Chan Buddhist Society and Faith: A Continuous Study of the History of Chinese Chan Buddhism). Tokyo: Kindai bungeisha 1993.

  Abe Chōichi 阿部肇一. Zōtei Chūgoku zenshūshi no kenkyū: Seiji shakaishi-teki kōsats 增訂中國褝宗史の研究: 政治社會史的考察 (The Revised Study of the History of Chinese Chan Buddhism: An Examination of Its Political-Social History). Tokyo: Kenbun shuppan, 1986.

  Araki Kengo 荒木見悟. “Confucianism and Buddhism in the Late Ming.” In The Unfolding of Neo-Confucianism, edited by William Theodore de Bary, 39–66. New York: Columbia University Press, 1975.

  Capitanio, Joshua. “Portrayals of Chan Buddhism in the Literature of Internal Alchemy.” Journal of Chinese Religions 43, no. 2 (2015): 119–60.

  Chan, Agnes S. The Shaolin Chanwuyi: a Chinese Chan Buddhism. Hong Kong: Chanwuyi Publishing House, 2010.

  Ch’en, Kenneth K. S. “The Economic Background of the Hui-ch’ang Suppression.” Harvard Journal of Asian Studies 19 (1956): 67–105.

  Du Songbai 杜松柏. Chanxue Yu Tangsong Shixue 禪學與唐宋詩學 (The Study of Chan and the Poetics of Tang and Song). Taibei: Liming Wenhua Shiye Gongsi, 1976.

  Faure, Bernard. “Chan/Zen Egalitarianism.” In The Power of Denial: Buddhism, Purity, and Gender, 127–42. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003.

  Faure, Bernard. The Rhetoric of Immediacy: A Cultural Critique of Ch’an/Zen Buddhism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991.

  Faure, Bernard. “Voices of Dissent: Women in Early Chan and Tiantai.” Zenbunka kenkyūjo kiyō 褝文化研究所紀要 24 (1998): 25–66.

  Ferrara, Mark S. “Ch’an Buddhism and the Prophetic Poems of William Blake.” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 24, no. 1 (1997): 59–73.

  Fritz, Claudia. “An Interpretation of the Relationship between Chan-Buddhism and the State with Reference to the Monastic Code at the End of the Yuan Era.” Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Asienkunde. Asiatische Studien 70, no. 1 (2016): 13–74.

  Fu, Charles Wei-hsun 傅偉勳. “Chandao Yu Dongfang Wenhua 禪道與東方文化 (The Way of Chan and Eastern Culture).” In Cong Chuangzhao De Quanshixue Dao Dasheng Fojiao—Zhexue Yu Zongjiao 4 從創造的詮釋學到大乘佛學－哲學與宗教 四集 (From Creative Hermeneutics to Mahayana Buddhism—Philosophy and Religion 4), 243–63. Taibei: Dongda Tushu Gongsi, 1990.

  Fu Shaoliang 傅紹良. Shengtang Chanzong Wenhua Yu Shifo Wang Wei 盛唐禪宗文化與詩佛王維 (Chan Buddhist Culture in the Golden Age of Tang and the Poetic Buddha Wang Wei). Taibei: Foguang Chubanshe, 1999.

  Gengjian 耿鑒. Chanzong Yu Zhongguo Hualun 禪宗與中國畫論 (Chan and the Chinese Theory of Painting). Taiyuan: Beiyue Wenyi Chubanshe, 2002.

  Ge Zhaoguang 葛兆光. Chanzong Yu Zhongguo Wenhua 禪宗與中國文化 (The Chan School and Chinese Culture). Shanghai: Shanghai Renming Chubanshe, 1986.

  Gimello, Robert M. “Chang Shang-ying on Wu-t’ai Shan.” In Pilgrims and Sacred Sites in China, edited by Susan Naquin and Chun fang Yü, 89–149. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.

  Gimello, Robert M. “Marga and Culture: Learning, Letters, and Liberation in Northern Sung Ch’an.” In Path to Liberation: The Marga and Its Transformations in Buddhist Thought, edited by Robert E. Buswell, Jr. and Robert M. Gimello, 371–437. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1991.

  Grant, Beata. Eminent Nuns: Women Chan Masters of Seventeenth-Century China. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2008.

  Grant, Beata. “Female Holder of the Lineage: Linji Chan Master Zhiyuan Xinggang (1597–1654).” Late Imperial China 17, no. 2 (1996): 51–76.

  Gu Weikang 顧偉康. Chanzong: Wenhua Jiaorong Yu Lishi Xuanze 禪宗: 文化交融與歷史選擇 (Chan Buddhism: Cultural Interaction and the Choice of History). Shanghai: Zhishi Chubanshe, 1990.

  Guo Shaolin 郭紹林. Tangdai Shidafu Yu Fojiao 唐代士大夫與佛教 (Literati-Officials and Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty). Zhengzhou: Henen Daxue Chubanshe, 1987.

  Halperin, Mark. Out of the Cloister: Literati Perspectives on Buddhism in Sung China, 960–1279. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2006.

  Hao Chunwen 郝春文. Tanghouqi Wudai Songchu Dunhuang sengni de shehui shengh 唐後期五代宋初敦煌僧尼的社會生活 (The Social Lives of Monks and Nuns at Dunhuang in the Late Tang, Five Dynasties and Early Song Dynasty). Beijing: Zhongguo Shehui Kexueyuan Chubanshe, 1998.

  Hartman, Charles. “Han Yu and the Chan Movement: Points of Contact.” In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Sinology, 289–306. Taipei: Academia Sinica, 1989.

  Hsieh, Ding-hwa Evelyn. “Images of Women in Ch’an Buddhst Literature of the Sung Period (960–1279).” In Buddhism in the Sung, edited by Peter N. Gregory and Daniel Getz, 148–187. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1999.

  Huang Jingjia 黃敬家. “Zhihui De Nüxing Xingxiang—Chanmen Denglu Zhong Chanpo Yu Chanshi De Duihua
智慧的女性形象－禪門燈錄中禪婆與禪師的對話 (The Images of Wise Women: The Conversations of Chan Women and Chan Masters in the Chan Records of the Lamp).” Foxue Yanjiu Zhongxin Xuebao 9 (2004): 127–54.

  Ji Xianlin 季羨林. Chan Yu Wenhua 禪與文化 (Chan and Culture). Beijing: Zhongguo Yanshi Chubanshe, 2006.

  Kondō Ryōichi 近藤良一. “Tōdai zensho no keizai kiban 唐代禪宗の經濟基盤 (The Economic Foundation of Chan Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty).” Nippon Bukkyō gakkai nenpō 日本佛教學會年報 37 (1972): 137–51.

  Lauer, Uta. “Zhao Mengfu Yu Zhongfeng Mingben 趙孟頫與中峰明本 (Zhao Mengfu and Zhongfeng Mingben).” In Zhao Mengfu Guoji Shuxue Yantaohui Lunwen Ji 趙孟頫國際書學研討會論文集, edited by Zhejiang Calligraphers Association, 26–32. Shanghai: Shanghai Shudian, 1994.

  Levering, Miriam L. “The Dragon Girl and the Abbess of Mo-Shan: Gender and Status in the Ch’an Buddhist Tradition.” Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 5, no. 1 (1982): 19–33.

  Levering, Miriam L. “Lin-Chi (Rinzai) Ch’an and Gender: The Rhetoric of Equality and the Rhetoric of Heroism.” In Buddhism, Sexuality, and Gender, edited by José Ignacio Cabézon, 137–56. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1992.

  Levering, Miriam L. “Miao-Tao and Her Teacher Ta-Hui.” In Buddhism in the Sung, edited by Peter N. Gregory and Daniel Getz, 188–219. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1999.

  Levering, Miriam L. “Stories of Enlightened Women in Ch’an and the Chinese Buddhist Female Bodhisattva/Goddess Tradition.” In Women and Goddess Traditions in Antiquity and Today, edited by Karen L. King, 137–76. Minneapolis, Minn.: Fortess Press, 1997.

  Li Xinhua 李新華. Gudai Chanzong Moji Jingdian 古代禪宗墨跡經典 (Classics of Ancient Chan Buddhist Calligraphy). Beijing: Zhongguo Shudian, 2007.

  Lin Xianghua 林湘華. Chanzong Yu Songdai Shixue Lilun 禪宗與宋代詩學理論 (Chan Buddhism and the Poetics of the Song Era). Taibei: Wenjin Chubanshe, 2002.