Njord and Skadi

by Sheena McGrath

  Clunies-Ross, Margaret 2014: "Royal Ideology in Early Scandinavia: A Theory Versus the Texts", JEGP 113/1 (Jan. 2014): 18-33.

  Colarusso, John 2002: Nart sagas from the Caucasus: myths and legends from the Circassians, Abazas, Abkhaz, and Ubykhs, Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.

  Coomaraswamy, Ananda K. 1945: "On the Loathly Bride", Speculum 20/4: 391-404.

  Davidson, Hilda Ellis 1998: Roles of the Northern Goddess, Routledge, London.

  Davidson, Hilda Ellis 1993: The Lost Beliefs of Northern Europe, Routledge.

  Davidson, Hilda Ellis 1990: Gods and Myths of Northern Europe, Penguin, London.

  Davidson, Hilda Ellis 1976: The Viking Road to Byzantium, Allen and Unwin.

  DeAngelo, Jeremy 2010: "The North and the Depiction of the "Finnar" in the Icelandic Sagas", Scandinavian Studies: 257-286.

  de Vries, Jan 1933: The Problem of Loki, F. F. Communications, eds. Walter Anderson, Johannes Bolte, Uno Harva, Knut Liestøl, C. W. von Sydow, and Archer Taylor, Suomalainen Tiedeakatemima, Helsinki, vol. XLIII, no. 110.

  Dillmann, Françios-Xavier 1991: "Les nuits de Njordr et de Skadi: Notes critques sur un châpitre de la Snorra Edda", in Festkrift til Ottar Grønvik pá 75 – årsdagen den 21. oktober 1991, ed. John Ole Askedal et. al., Universitetesforlaget, Oslo: 174 – 182.

  Doniger, Wendy 2008: "The Land East of the Asterisk", The London Review of Books 30/7 (10 April 2008): 27-29.

  Doss-Quinby, Eglal 2001: Songs of the Women Trouvères, Yale University Press.

  Dresbeck, LeRoy J. 1967: "The Ski: Its History and Historiography", Technology and Culture 8/4 (Oct., 1967): 467-479.

  Drobin, Ulf 1968: "Myth and Epical Motifs in the Loki-Research", Temenos 3: 19-39.

  Dronke, Ursula 1962: "Art and tradition in Skírnismál", in Norman Davis and C.L. Wrenn (eds.), English and Medieval studies presented to J. R. R. Tolkien, Allen & Unwin: 250-68.

  Dronke, Ursula 1969: The Poetic Edda Vol. II: Mythological Poems, Clarendon Press, Oxford.

  Dronke, Ursula 1988: "The War of the Æsir and Vanir in Voluspá" in Weber: 223-38.

  Dubois, Thomas A. 2012: "Diet and Deities: Contrastive Livelihoods and Animal Symbolism in Nordic Pre-Christian Religions", in Raudvere and Schjodt, Kindle.

  Dumézil, Georges 1973: From Myth to Fiction: the Saga of Hadingus, trans. Derek Coltman, Chicago, University of Chicago.

  Dumézil, Georges 1955: "Njordr, Nerthus et le folklore scandinave des génies de la mer", Revue de l'histoire des religions 147: 210-26.

  Edred 1999: Witchdom of the True: A Study of the Vana-Troth and the Practice of Seithr, Runa-Raven Press, P.O. Box 557, Smithville, Texas, U.S.A., 78957.

  Edsman, Carl-Martin 2004: "Bears", (trans. Verne Moberg) in Ency. Rel.

  Eggertsdóttir, Margét 2008: "The Anomalous Pursuit of Love in Kormaks saga", in Wolf and Denzin: 81-109.

  Einarsson, Biarni 1969: "The Lovesick Skald: a Reply to Theodore M. Andersson", Medieval Scandinavia 4: 21-41.

  Eldevik, Riandi 2005: "Less Than Kind: Giants in Germanic Tradition", in Shippey: 83-110.

  Enochs, Ross 2004: "Ring, Fetter, Oath", in The Journal of Germanic Mythology and Folklore 1 (Jan. 2014): 4-24.

  Eriksen, Roy 1994: Contexts of Pre-Novel Narrative: The European Tradition, Walter de Gruyter.

  Faulkes, Anthony 1978-9: "Descent from the Gods", Mediaeval Scandinavia: 92-125.

  Finlay, Alison, 2001: "Monstrous Accusations: an Exchange of yki in Bjarnar saga Hítdœlakappa", alvissmal 10: 21 – 44.

  Foley, Helene P. 2013: The Homeric "Hymn to Demeter": Translation, Commentary, and Interpretive Essays, Princeton University Press.

  Frank, Roberta 2007: "The Lay of the Land in Skaldic Praise Poetry": in Myth in Early Northwest Europe, ed. Stephen O. Glosecki, Arizona Studies in the Middle Ages and Renaissance 21: 175-196.

  Frank, Roberta 1970: "Onomastic Play in Kormakr's Verse: The Name Steingerđr", Mediaeval Scandinavia 3: 7-34. (Also available as a reprint booklet.)

  Frank, Roberta 1990: "Why Skalds Address Women", in Pároli: 67-83.

  Frankki, James 2012: "Cross-Dressing in the Poetic Edda: Mic muno Æsir argan kalla", Scandinavian Studies 84/4: 425-37.

  Frazer, James George 1922: The Golden Bough: a study in magic and religion, abridged ed., Macmillan, New York.

  Freyjasgodhi, Alfgeir 1998: "The Rest of the Vanir", Idunna: a Journal of the Northern Tradition 35 (Spring 1988): 9 – 18.

  Friðriksdóttir, Jóhanna Katrín 2013: Women in Old Norse Literature: Bodies, Words, and Power, Palgrave MacMillan.

  Frog and Jonathan Roper 2011: "Verses versus the 'Vanir': Response to Simek's "Vanir Obituary"", RMN Newsletter 2 (May): 29-36.

  Gade, Kari Ellen 1985: "Skjalf", Arkiv för Nordisk Filologi 100: 59–71.

  Gardenstone 2012: The Nerthus Claim, Books on Demand GmbH, Nordstedt, Germany.

  Gatwood, Lynn E. 1985: Devi and the Spouse Goddess, Manohar Publications, 1 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002.

  Gilkus, Ingvild Saelid 1997: Laughing Gods, Weeping Virgins: Laughter in the History of Religion, Routledge.

  Glendenning, Robert James, and Haraldur Bessason eds. 1983: Edda: A Collection of Essays, University of Manitoba Press.

  Grãslund, Anne-Sofie 2006: "Wolves, serpents and birds: Their symbolic meaning in Old Norse belief, " in Andrén, Jennbert and Raudven, 2006: 124-9.

  Grimes, Yvette 2010: The Norse Myths, Hollow Earth Publishing.

  Grimm, Jacob (George Bell, trans.) 1882: Teutonic Mythology I, Google eBook.

  Grimstad, Karen (trans.) 2000: Volsunga saga: The Saga of the Volsungs, AQ Verlag, Saarbrucken, Germany.

  Gudmundsdóttir, Adalheidur 2007: "The Werewolf in Medieval Icelandic Literature", JEGP 106: 3: 277-303.

  Guerber, Hélène Adeline 1994: Myths of the Norsemen, Senate. (reprint)

  Gundarsson, Kvedulf 2006: Our Troth: History and Lore, BookSurge Publishing, North Charleston, North Carolina, USA.

  Gundarsson, Kvedulfr 1998: "The Wanes", Idunna: a Journal of the Northern Tradition 35 (Spring 1988): 33 – 41.

  Gunnell, Terry 1995: The Origin of Drama in Scandinavia, Cambridge University Press.

  Hamer, Andrew 1973: "Legendary Fiction in Flateyjarbók" in Proceedings of the First International Saga Conference, University of Edinburgh, eds. Peter Foote, Hermann Pálsson, Desmond Slay, Viking Society for Northern Research: 184-211.

  Harris, Joseph 2009: "Myth and Meaning in the Rök Inscription", in Analecta Septentrionalia, Papers on the History of North Germanic Culture and Literature, eds. Wilhelm Heizmann, Klaus Böldl, and Heinrich Beck: Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York: 467-501.

  Heinrichs, Anne 1994: "The Search for Identity: A Problem After Conversion", alvíssmál 3: 43–62.

  Henninger, Joseph 2004: "Scapegoat", (trans. Matthew J. O'Connell) in Ency. Rel.

  Henry, P. L. 1990: "Verba Scáthaige", Celtica 21: 191-207.

  Hermann, Pernille, Jens Peter Schjødt, and Rasmus Tranum Kristensen: 2007: Reflections on Old Norse myths, Studies in Viking and medieval Scandinavia 1, Brepols, Turnhout.

  Heslop, Kate 2009: "Seeing things in the shield poems and other skaldic ekphrases", presented at Mediale Auffälligkeit/Conspicuous mediality, Zurich, Switzerland, 14-16 September 2009, conference paper. (http://kate-heslop.com/media/seeing_things_in_the_ shield_poems.pdf)

  Heusler, Andreas 1991: "The Story of the Völsi, an Old Norse Anecdote of Conversion" (trans. Peter Nelson), in Salisbury: 187-200.

  Hines, John 2000: "Myth and Reality: the Conclusions of Archaeology", in Barnes and Clunies Ross: 19-39.

  Holm, Ingunn 2002: "A Landscape beyond the Infield/Outfield Categories: An Example from Eastern Norway", Norwegian Archaeological Review 35/2: 67-80.

  Hopkins, Joseph S. 2012: "Goddesses Unknown I: Njǫrun and the Sister-Wife of Njǫrðr" in RMN Newsletter 5 (Dec): 39-44.

  Hrafnhild, Nicanthiel 2009: Boar, Birch and Bog: Prayers to Nerthus, Gullinbursti Press.

  Hull, Eleanor 1901-3: "The Episodes in Icelandic L
iterature", Saga-Book of the Viking Society 3: 235-70.

  Jacobs, M. A. 2014: "Hon stođ and starđi: Vision, Love and Gender in Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu, Scandinavian Studies 86/2: 148-169.

  Jakobsson, Armann 2008: "A contest of cosmic fathers: God and giant in Vafþrúðnismál”, Neophilologus 92: 263–77.

  Jakobsson, Ármann 2008: "The Trollish Act of Thorgrímr the Witch: the Meanings of Troll and Ergi in Medieval Iceland, Saga-Book 32: 39-68.

  Jakobsson, Ármann 2009: "Identifying the Ogre: the Legendary Saga Giants", in Fornaldarsagaerne: Myter og virkelighed, Ármann Jakobsson, Annette Lassen & Agneta Ney (eds.), Museum Tusculanum Press, University of Copenhagen, 181-200.

  Jakobsson, Ármann 2005: "The good, the bad and the ugly: Bárdar saga and its giants", Medieval Scandinavia 15: 1-15.

  James, Alan 1997: The Trial of Loki: A study in Nordic heathen morality, ORA Australia, ORA, PO Box 4333, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.

  Jennbert, Kristina 2011: Animals and Humans: Recurrent symbiosis in archaeology and Old Norse Religion, trans. Alan Crozier, Vägar till Midgard 14, Nordic Academic Press, Lund, Sweden. (also on Scribd)

  Jesch, Judith 1991: Women in the Viking Age, Boydell Press, PO Box 9, Woodbridge, Suffolk, IP12 3DF, UK, 1991.

  Jochens, Jenny 1986: "The Medieval Icelandic Heroine: Fact or Fiction?", Viator 17: 35-50.

  Jochens, Jenny 1991: "Before the Male Gaze: the Absence of the Female Body in Old Norse", in Salisbury: 3-29.

  Jochens, Jenny 1996: Old Norse Images of Women, Mariner Books.

  Jochens, Jenny 1998: Women in Old Norse Society, Cornell University Press.

  Jochens, Jenny 2008: "Romance, Marriage, and Social Class in the Saga World", in Wolf and Denzin: 65-79.

  Johnson, Buffie, 1988: Lady of the Beasts: Ancient Images of the Goddess and Her Sacred Animals, Harper San Francisco, New York and San Francisco, USA.

  Jones, Lindsay, editor-in-chief, 2005, The Encyclopaedia of Religion, MacMillian Reference, Detroit, USA.

  Kaldera, Raven 2007: Jotunbok: Working with the Giants of the Northern Tradition, Asphodel Press.

  Kalinke, Marianne 1990: Bridal-Quest Romance in Medieval Iceland, Islandica XLVI, Cornell University Press, Ithaca.

  Kaplan, M., and T. R. Tangherlini 2012: News from Other Worlds: Studies in Nordic Folklore, Mythology and Culture, North Pinehurst Press.

  Karlsdottir, Alice 1992: "Njordr and Skadhi: the Marriage of Light and Darkness", Mountain Thunder 7 (Winter): 19-21.

  Kellogg, Robert 1973: "Sex and the Vernacular in Medieval Iceland", in Proceedings of the First International Saga Conference, University of Edinburgh, eds. Peter Foote, Hermann Pálsson, Desmond Slay, Viking Society for Northern Research: 244-58.

  Klingenberger, Heinz 1983: "Types of Eddic Mythological Poetry", in Glendenning and Bessason: 13-64.

  Krappe, Alexander H. 1943: "Yngvi-Frey And Aengus Mac Oc", Scandinavian Studies, Vol. 17, No. 5, pp. 174-178.

  Kress, Helga 2002: "Taming the Shrew: The Rise of Patriarchy and the Subordination of the Feminine in Old Norse Literature", in Anderson and Swenson: 81-92.

  Kries, Susanne 2002: "Laughter and Social Stability in Anglo-Saxon and Old Norse Literature" in A History of English Laughter: Laughter from Beowulf to Beckett and Beyond, ed. Manfred Pfister, Rodopi: 1-15.

  Kristensen, Rasmus Tranem 2007: "Why was Ođinn Killed By Fenrir? A Structural Analysis of Kinship Structures in Old Norse Myths of Creation and Eschatology", in Hermann, Schjødt, and Kristensen: 149-69.

  Kroesen, Riti 1996: "Ambiguity in the relationship between heroes and giants", Arkiv för nordisk filologi 111: 57-71.

  Kurman, George 1974: "Ekphrasis in Epic Poetry", Comparative Literature 26/1 (Winter 1974): 1-13.

  Kusemko, Jurij 2009: "Sámi and Scandinavians in the Viking Age", in Approaching the Viking Age: Proceedings of the international conference on Old Norse literature, mythology, culture, social life and language 11–13 October 2007, Vilnius, Lithuania, eds. Ērika Sausverde and Ieva Steponavičiūtė, Vilnius University Publishing House: 65-94.

  Lady Gregory 1904: Gods and Fighting Men, Forgotten Books.

  Langeslag, Paul Sander 2012: Seasonal Setting and the Human Domain in Early English and Early Scandinavian Literature, University of Toronto, thesis. (http://hdl.handle.net/1807/32801)

  Larrington, Carolyne 1992a: ""What Does Woman Want? ": Maer and munr in Skirnismal", alvissmal 1: 3–16.

  Larrington, Carolyne 1992b: "Scandinavia", in The Feminist Companion to Mythology, Pandora Press: 137-61.

  Larrington, Carolyne 2006: "Loki’s Children" in McKinnell, Ashurst and Kick: 541-50.

  Laurence Marcellus Larson (trans.) 2011: The Earliest Norwegian Laws, The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. (reprint)

  Lieberman, Anatoly 1995: "A Laughing Teuton", in Across the Oceans: Studies in Honor of Richard K. Seymour, eds. Irmengard Rauch and Cornelia Niekus Moore, University of Hawaii Press: 133-50.

  Lieberman, Anatoly 1992: "Snorri and Saxo on Útgardloki, with Notes on Loki Lafeyjarson’s Character, Career, and Name", in Saxo Grammaticus: Tra Storiografia e letteratura: Bevangna, 27-29 settembre 1990, ed. Carlo Santini, Editrice "Il Calmo", Rome: 91 – 158.

  Lieberman, Anatoly 2002: "What Happened to Female Dwarfs?", in Simek and Helzmann, 257-63.

  Lincoln, Bruce 1999: "Gautrek’s Saga and the Gift-Fox", in Theorizing Myth, University of Chicago, 1999. (Reprinted from The Ship as Symbol in Prehistoric and Medieval Scandinavia): 171-82.

  Lindow, John 1992: "Loki and Skadi" in Snorrastefna, ed. Ulfar Bragason, Stofnunn Sigurdar Nordals, Reykjavik: 130–141.

  Lindow, John 1997, Murder and Vengeance Among the Gods: Baldr in Scandinavian Mythology, FF Communications 262, Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia/Academia Scientiaram Fennica.

  Lindow, John 2001: Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals and Beliefs, OUP, New York and Oxford.

  Lindow, John 2008: "When Skaði Chose Njǫrðr", in Wolf and Denzin: 165-81.

  Litvinskii, B.A. 2005: "Sheep and Goats" (trans. Syvia Juran), in Ency. Rel.

  Lönnroth, Lars 2002: "The Founding of Miđgarđr (Völuspá 1-8)", in Acker and Larrington: 1-26.

  Lothursdottir, Alfta Svanni 2003: "Loki: Friend of Othinn", http://www.northvegr.org/northern/book/loki.php.

  Luhrmann, T. M. 2001: "The Ugly Goddess: Reflections on the Role of Violent Images in Religious Experience", History of Religion 41/2: 114-41.

  Malm, Mats 2000: "Baldrs draumar: literally and literarily", in Barnes and Clunes Ross: 277-89.

  Malm, Mats 2007: "The Notion of Effeminate Language in Old Norse Literature", in Qunin, Heslop and Wills: 305-20.

  Marinatos, Nanno 2000: The Goddess and the Warrior: The Naked Goddess and Mistress of the Animals in Early Greek Religion, Routledge and Kegan Paul.

  Mártinez-Pizarro, Joaquín 1990: "Woman-to-Man "Senna"", in Poetry in the Scandinavian Middle Ages, The Seventh International Saga Conference, Presso la Sede del Centro Studi, Spoleto: 339–350.

  McGrath, Caroline 2012: "The Apple in Early Irish Narrative Tradition: A Thoroughly Christian Symbol?", Studia Celtica Fennica 7: 18-25.

  McGrath, Sheena 1998: "Are the Vanir Fertile?" Idunna 35 (Spring 1998): 42.

  McGrath, Sheena 1997: Asyniur: Women’s Mysteries of the North, Capall Bann, Auton Farm, Milverton, Somerset, TA4 1NE.

  McKinnell, John 2000: "Encounters with Völur", in Barnes and Clunies Ross: 239-51.

  McKinnell, John 2007: "Ögmundar þattr: Version, Structure and Ideology" in Hermann, Egilsdóttir, and Simek: 159-74.

  McKinnell, John 2002: "Thorgerdr Högabrúdr and Hyndlúljód", in Simek and Helzmann, 265-90.

  McKinnell, John 1994: Both One and Many, Il Calamo, Rome.

  McKinnell, John 1996: "The Trouble with Father: Hervararkvida and Cross-Sexual Encounters with the Other World", in Myth and its Legacy in European Literature, eds. N. Thomas and F. Le Saux, Durham : University of Durham: 63-92.

  McKinnell, John 2014: Essays on Eddic Poetry, with eds. Do
nna Kick and John D. Shafer, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Buffalo, London.

  McKinnell, John, David Ashurst and Donata Kick (eds.) 2006: The fantastic in old Norse/Icelandic literature: sagas and the British Isles, 13th International Saga Conference: Durham and York, Durham University Press.

  McKinnell, John 1986-9: "Motivation in Lokasenna", Saga-Book, XXII: 234 – 262.

  McKinnell, John 2005: Meeting the other in Norse myth and legend, .D.S. Brewer, Woodbridge.

  McKinnell, John, and Rudolf Simek, with Klaus Düwel, 2004: Runes, magic and religion: a sourcebook, Fassbaender, Wien.

  McLeod, Mindy, and Bernard Mees 2006: Runic Amulets and Magic Objects, Boydell Press, London.

  McTurk, Rory (ed.) 2005: A companion to Old Norse-Icelandic literature and culture, Blackwell, Malden, MA, USA.

  McTurk, Rory 1974-7: "Sacral Kingship in Ancient Scandinavia: a Review of Some Ancient Writing", Saga-Book of the Viking Society XIX: 139-69.

  McTurk, Rory 2005: Chaucer in the Norse and Celtic Worlds, Ashgate, Aldershot.

  Miller, William Ian 1990: Bloodtaking and Peacemaking: Feud, Law and Society in Saga Iceland, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

  Mees, Bernard 2009: "Alu and hale II: 'May Thor bless'" in Ney, Williams and Ljungqvist: 683-90.

  Mitchell, Stephen 1983: "For Scírnis as Mythological Model: frid at kaupa", Arkiv för Nordisk Filologi 98: 108 – 122.

  Mitchell, Stephen 2007: "Skírnismál and Nordic Charm Magic", in Hermann, Schjødt, and Kristensen: 75-94.

  Mosher, Arthur D. 1985: "The Story of Baldr's Death: The Inadequacy of Myth in the Light of Christian Faith", Scandinavian Studies 55: 305-15.

  Motz, Lotte 1975: "The King and the Goddess: An Interpretation of Svipdagsmal", Arkiv för nordisk filologi 90: 133-150.

  Motz, Lotte 1979-1980: "The Rulers of The Mountain: A Study of the Giants of the Old Icelandic Texts", Mankind Quarterly 20: 393-416.

  Motz, Lotte 1980: "Sister in the Cave: the stature and the function of the female figures in the Edda", Arkiv för nordisk filologi 95: 168–182.

  Motz, Lotte 1981a: "Aurboda-Eyrgjafa: Two Icelandic Names", The Mankind Quarterly 22: 93-105.