Moby Dick; Or, The Whale

by Herman Melville

  CHAPTER 105

  Does the Whale's Magnitude Diminish? - Will He Perish?

  Inasmuch, then, as this Leviathan comes floundering downupon us from the head-waters of the Eternities, it may befitly inquired, whether, in the long course of his generations,he has not degenerated from the original bulk of his sires.

  But upon investigation we find, that not only are the whalesof the present day superior in magnitude to those whose fossilremains are found in the Tertiary system (embracing a distinctgeological period prior to man), but of the whales found inthat Tertiary system, those belonging to its latter formationsexceed in size those of its earlier ones.

  Of all the pre-adamite whales yet exhumed, by far the largestis the Alabama one mentioned in the last chapter, and thatwas less than seventy feet in length in the skeleton.Whereas, we have already seen, that the tape-measure givesseventy-two feet for the skeleton of a large sized modern whale.And I have heard, on whalemen's authority, that Sperm Whales havebeen captured near a hundred feet long at the time of capture.

  But may it not be, that while the whales of the present hour are anadvance in magnitude upon those of all previous geological periods;may it not be, that since Adam's time they have degenerated?

  Assuredly, we must conclude so, if we are to credit the accountsof such gentlemen as Pliny, and the ancient naturalists generally.For Pliny tells us of Whales that embraced acres of living bulk,and Aldrovandus of others which measured eight hundred feet in length--Rope Walks and Thames Tunnels of Whales! And even in the daysof Banks and Solander, Cooke's naturalists, we find a Danish memberof the Academy of Sciences setting down certain Iceland Whales(reydan-siskur, or Wrinkled Bellies) at one hundred and twenty yards;that is, three hundred and sixty feet. And Lacepede,the French naturalist, in his elaborate history of whales,in the very beginning of his work (page 3), sets down the Right Whaleat one hundred metres, three hundred and twenty-eight feet.And this work was published so late as A.D. 1825.

  But will any whaleman believe these stories? No. The whaleof to-day is as big as his ancestors in Pliny's time.And if ever I go where Pliny is, I, a whaleman (more than he was),will make bold to tell him so. Because I cannot understandhow it is, that while the Egyptian mummies that were buriedthousands of years before even Pliny was born, do not measureso much in their coffins as a modern Kentuckian in his socks;and while the cattle and other animals sculptured on the oldestEgyptian and Nineveh tablets, by the relative proportions inwhich they are drawn, just as plainly prove that the high-bred,stall-fed, prize cattle of Smithfield, not only equal,but far exceed in magnitude the fattest of Pharaoh's fat kine;in the face of all this, I will not admit that of all animalsthe whale alone should have degenerated.

  But still another inquiry remains; one often agitated by the morerecondite Nantucketers. Whether owing to the almost omniscientlook-outs at the mast-heads of the whaleships, now penetratingeven through Behring's straits, and into the remotest secret drawersand lockers of the world; and the thousand harpoons and lances dartedalong all continental coasts; the moot point is, whether Leviathancan long endure so wide a chase, and so remorseless a havoc;whether he must not at last be exterminated from the waters,and the last whale, like the last man, smoke his last pipe,and then himself evaporate in the final puff.

  Comparing the humped herds of whales with the humped herds of buffalo,which, not forty years ago, overspread by tens of thousands the prairiesof Illinois and Missouri, and shook their iron manes and scowled withtheir thunder-clotted brows upon the sites of populous river-capitals,where now the polite broker sells you land at a dollar an inch;in such a comparison an irresistible argument would seem furnished,to show that the hunted whale cannot now escape speedy extinction.

  But you must look at this matter in every light. Though so shorta period ago--not a good lifetime--the census of the buffalo in Illinoisexceeded the census of men now in London, and though at the presentday not one horn or hoof of them remains in all that region;and though the cause of this wondrous extermination was the spearof man; yet the far different nature of the whale-hunt peremptorilyforbids so inglorious an end to the Leviathan. Forty men in oneship hunting the Sperm Whales for forty-eight months think theyhave done extremely well, and thank God, if at last they carry homethe oil of forty fish. Whereas, in the days of the old Canadianand Indian hunters and trappers of the West, when the far west(in whose sunset suns still rise) was a wilderness and a virgin,the same number of moccasined men, for the same number of months,mounted on horse instead of sailing in ships, would have slainnot forty, but forty thousand and more buffaloes; a fact that,if need were, could be statistically stated.

  Nor, considered aright, does it seem any argument in favorof the gradual extinction of the Sperm Whale, for example,that in former years (the latter part of the last century, say)these Leviathans, in small pods, were encountered muchoftener than at present, and, in consequence, the voyageswere not so prolonged, and were also much more remunerative.Because, as has been elsewhere noticed, those whales, influenced bysome views to safety, now swim the seas in immense caravans,so that to a large degree the scattered solitaries, yokes,and pods, and schools of other days are now aggregated intovast but widely separated, unfrequent armies. That is all.And equally fallacious seems the conceit, that because the so-calledwhale-bone whales no longer haunt many grounds in former yearsabounding with them, hence that species also is declining.For they are only being driven from promontory to cape; and ifone coast is no longer enlivened with their jets, then, be sure,some other and remoter strand has been very recently startledby the unfamiliar spectacle.

  Furthermore: concerning these last mentioned Leviathans,they have two firm fortresses, which, in all human probability,will for ever remain impregnable. And as upon the invasion oftheir valleys, the frosty Swiss have retreated to their mountains;so, hunted from the savannas and glades of the middle seas,the whale-bone whales can at last resort to their Polar citadels,and diving under the ultimate glassy barriers and walls there,come up among icy fields and floes! and in a charmed circleof everlasting December, bid defiance to all pursuit from man.

  But as perhaps fifty of these whale-bone whales are harpoonedfor one cachalot, some philosophers of the forecastle haveconcluded that this positive havoc has already very seriouslydiminished their battalions. But though for some time pasta number of these whales, not less than 13,000, have beenannually slain on the nor'west coast by the Americans alone;yet there are considerations which render even this circumstanceof little or no account as an opposing argument in this matter.

  Natural as it is to be somewhat incredulous concerning the populousnessof the more enormous creatures of the globe, yet what shall wesay to Harto, the historian of Goa, when he tells us that at onehunting the King of Siam took 4,000 elephants; that in those regionselephants are numerous as droves of cattle in the temperate climes.And there seems no reason to doubt that if these elephants,which have now been hunted for thousands of years, by Semiramis,by Porus, by Hannibal, and by all the successive monarchs of the East--if they still survive there in great numbers, much more maythe great whale outlast all hunting, since he has a pastureto expatiate in, which is precisely twice as large as all Asia,both Americas, Europe and Africa, New Holland, and all the Islesof the sea combined.

  Moreover: we are to consider, that from the presumed great longevityof whales, their probably attaining the age of a century and more,therefore at any one period of time, several distinct adultgenerations must be contemporary. And what this is, we may soongain some idea of, by imagining all the grave-yards, cemeteries,and family vaults of creation yielding up the live bodies of allthe men, women, and children who were alive seventy-five years ago;and adding this countless host to the present human populationof the globe.

  Wherefore, for all these things, we account the whale immortalin his species, however perishable in his individuality.He swam the seas before the continents broke water; he onceswam over the site of the Tuileries, and Windsor Castle,and the Krem
lin. In Noah's flood he despised Noah's Ark;and if ever the world is to be again flooded, like the Netherlands,to kill off its rats, then the eternal whale will still survive,and rearing upon the topmost crest of the equatorial flood,spout his frothed defiance to the skies.

  CHAPTER 106

  Ahab's Leg