by Linda Gordon
blended family in, 175–86, 212, 339, 365, 413
children placed out in, 173–74, 176–80, 181
Christmas celebrations in, 176, 179, 183–85, 212, 325, 365, 416
family photos in, 380–81, 380, 381, 405, 418–20, 418, 420
family troubles in, 308–11
first meeting in, 155–56
grandchildren in, 365, 383, 394, 398, 415, 418–21, 418, 420, 427
music in, 180–81, 184–85
Paul’s love in, 169–70, 177, 178, 181, 299, 339, 383
residences in, 176, 182–83, 186, 200, 310, 312–13, 380–81
social-justice concerns in, 140, 155, 168–69, 187, 218, 243
Steep Ravine cabin in, 380, 418–21, 419
Thanksgiving celebrations in, 179, 184, 185, 212, 415
wedding in, 173
Lavenson, Alma, 49, 53–54, 118, 295
Lawrence, D. H., 97, 98
Lee, Russell, 199, 206, 207, 210, 293
Let Us Now Praise Famous Men (Agee and Evans), 281–82
Lewis, Sinclair, 124
Life, 128, 198, 280, 325, 347, 360
DL’s photo-essays for, 366–77
London, Jack, 67, 69, 83, 127, 128
Lordsburg, N.Mex., 255
Los Angeles, 39, 78, 93, 94, 124–25, 133, 165, 233
Luce, Henry, 366
Luhan, Mabel Dodge, 97–98
Luhan, Tony, 97, 98
Lummis, Charles, 67–68
Lynd, Robert, 202
McAlpin, David, 337, 359
McCarthy, Barry, 51–52
McCarthyism, xx, 345–46, 355–58, 359, 360, 363, 385
MacLeish, Archibald, 131, 281
McWilliams, Carey, 229, 233, 315, 356
Magnum, 350, 360, 411, 428
Malinowski, Bronislaw, 153
Maricopa County, Ariz., 307
Mather, Margrethe, 49, 53
Maybeck, Bernard, 176, 312
Mellon, Andrew, 94
Meltzer, Milton, 427
Memphis, Tenn., 260
Mexican Americans and Mexican immigrants, 117, 143, 145–46, 148–49, 157–65, 218, 225, 226, 229, 233, 242, 249, 255, 257, 258, 282, 332
in Bracero program, 329, 330, 354
deportation of, 149, 224, 230
see also farmworkers, migrant
Mexican Revolution, 94, 148
Mexico, 94–97, 148, 150, 151, 183, 184, 219, 225
Mieth, Hansel, 49, 127–28, 132, 172
Migrant Mother (Lange), xii, xiii, 235–43, 285, 363, 407, 408, 410, 428
creation of, 236–37, 242–43
iconic meanings of, 238
inner tensions in, 238–39
reproductions of, 237–38, 428–29
subject’s subsequent complaints about, 240–43
Miller, Wayne, 360, 363, 364–65, 428
Mirabal, Antonio, 98, 100
modernism, xx, 28–31, 36, 47, 52, 69, 125–26, 183, 203
cultural-front artists vs., 125
Dixon and, 70, 78, 79, 130
photographic, xviii–xix, 28–29, 51, 59, 85, 87, 112–13, 117, 120, 130, 134, 157, 220, 280
Modotti, Tina, 49, 52
Moe, Henry Allen, 307–8, 411
Moholy-Nagy, László, xvii–xviii, 424
Monticello dam photo-essay, 373–75, 374, 375
Mooney, Tom, 96, 133–34
Mothers of the South (Hagood), 272–73
murals, 128–30, 196, 198, 220
Coit Tower, 129–30
by Dixon, 70, 77–78, 84, 94, 95, 129
Mexican, 94–97, 219
Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), 203, 241, 307, 337, 338, 409–12
DL’s one-woman exhibit at, 401–3, 405, 407, 408, 409–11, 413, 415
“The Family of Man” exhibition at, 345, 358–64, 411
Mydans, Carl, 128, 198, 200, 201
Nasser, Gamal Abd el-, 395–96
Natanson, Nicholas, 136, 220
National Academy of Design, 28, 29
nationalism, 219–20, 326, 361–62, 385
National Labor Relations Act, 132–33
National Recovery Act, 134–35
New Deal, xiv, xx, 55, 56, 105, 121–39, 157–58, 187, 193, 198, 199, 226, 249, 264, 306, 317, 351, 354, 355, 363, 364, 384, 386, 402, 426
end of, 327–28, 339, 346
federal arts programs of, 128–31, 403, 424
federal relief programs of, 115, 121–23, 124, 133, 164–65, 171, 194, 195, 221, 227, 317, 468n–69n
racism in agencies of, 196
Newhall, Beaumont, 338, 358, 359, 412
Newhall, Nancy, 350–51, 358, 359, 369, 413
New Jersey, 6–20
New Mexico, 39–40, 68, 88, 97–100, 113, 117, 245, 250, 253, 255
“new woman” ideology, 31, 39, 40
New York, N.Y., xiv, xv, xx, 6, 7, 8, 21–41, 42, 51, 52, 54, 56, 59, 62, 72, 118, 126, 131, 193–94, 306, 339, 350, 404
Dixon in, 69–70, 84
DL as walker in, 23–25, 26–30, 115
Greenwich Village, 24, 36, 38, 40, 185, 294, 351
Isadora Duncan in, 30–31
Jewish immigrants in, 22–23, 26, 165, 198
Lower East Side, 22–25, 26, 115, 165
photojournalists in, 128
Photo League in, 99, 119, 199, 251, 357–58
public libraries of, 19, 22, 203
New York Times, 150, 411, 428
Niebuhr, Reinhold, 276
Nipomo, Calif, xii, 235–36
Nixon, Richard M., 355
Norris, Frank, 69, 146
North Carolina, 261, 262, 268, 271–72, 271, 273–74, 273, 328, 425
nudes, photographs of, 49, 50, 82, 82, 363–64
Nutzhorn, Henry, 6–10, 25, 42, 74
family “deserted” by, 4–5, 14–17
peculations of, 4, 16, 311, 427
Nutzhorn, Henry Martin, Jr., see Lange, Martin
Nutzhorn, Joan Lange, 6–10, 14–20, 18, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 31–32, 37, 40, 75, 77, 84, 110, 183–84
death of, 365
divorce of, 16, 17, 42
DL’s polio and, 13–14, 17–18
DL’s relationship with, 17–18, 19, 20
marital separation of, 4–5, 14–17
remarriage of, 78, 138, 339
Oakland, Calif., 46, 49–50, 51, 55, 92, 122, 155, 156, 322
defense workers in, 331–36, 333, 334, 375–76, 411
Oakland public defender series, 375–77, 377, 378
Odum, Howard, 271–72
Office of War Information (OWI), 317, 327–31, 332, 346, 347, 355, 361
Oil City, Okla., 167
O’Keeffe, Georgia, 84, 98
Okies, see dust bowl refugees
Oroville, Calif., 158, 159
Orozco, José Clemente, 95
orphanages, 15, 109, 387
Packard, Walter, 291, 298
Page, Homer, 318, 410
Pageant, 378–79
Palestine, 389
Parks, Gordon, 199, 206, 220, 296–97
Partridge, Roi, 41, 49, 50–51, 71, 72, 75, 79, 92, 172, 212
Partridge, Rondal, 50, 91, 107, 180, 190, 212–13, 309, 310, 312, 317, 318, 337, 338, 415
patrons and patronage, of arts, 55, 58, 67, 69, 84, 91–93, 95, 97, 129
Person County, N.C., 261, 271, 273
philanthropists, 198, 291
Philippines, 148, 384
Phoenix, Ariz., 166
PhotoCommontors, 132
Photographic Workroom Handbook (Blumann), 46
photography:
“authentic,” 118–20
avant-garde, 351, 424
DL as teacher of, 37, 232, 352–53, 424
European, 282
greatest, DL’s list of, 424
iconic, 238, 347, 408, 428
objectivity of, 204, 353
realism in, 351–52, 364, 428
subjectivity in, 36, 352, 353
university teaching of, 412
West Coast, 119
photojournalists, 118, 136, 197, 240, 332, 406
female, 45, 51, 128, 130, 280, 294, 316
war photography of, 316, 325
Photo League, 99, 119, 199, 351, 357–58
Photo-Secession, 28–29, 36, 49
photo-textual books, 279–82
see also American Exodus, An
pictorialism, 28–29, 35–36, 57, 59, 61–62, 99, 118–19, 408
f/64 vs., 118, 120
gendered critique of, 46–47
Genthe style of, 32–33
soft focus in, 28, 32, 36
Western, 119
Pictorial Photographic Society of San Francisco, 46
Pinal County, Ariz, 306
“Plantation Owner, The” (Lange), 264, 281, 334
Pleiades Club, 37–38
poliomyelitis, xv–xvi, xx, 3, 4, 5, 10–14, 17–18, 114, 334, 346
damage left by, 4, 12–13, 96
popular front, 126, 219, 246–47, 361, 425
populism, 91, 193, 199, 219–20, 425
Porterville, Calif., 222
portrait photography, xv, xvii, xviii–xix, xxii, xxiii, 21–22, 36, 44–45, 50, 51, 60–63
gendered imagery in, 60–62
Genthe style of, 32–33
Graflex single-lens reflex camera for, 34
interior essence in, 59–60, 62
posing of model in, 35
postmodernism, 281, 406
print culture, commercial, 117–18, 197
Progressivism, 8, 55, 126, 135, 140, 141–43, 145, 170, 194–95, 206, 264–65, 327–28, 346, 428
in education, 22, 26, 32, 82, 177
Public Works of Art Project (PWAP), 129
Pulich, Martin, 376–77
racial inequality, 164–65, 225–27, 263
racial segregation, 142–43, 196, 230, 233, 276–77, 297, 307, 403
racism, xx, xxiii, 124, 220, 257–58, 375–76
anti-Chinese, 92, 148
anti-Indian, 66, 78
anti-Japanese, 148, 314, 315, 316–17, 325–26, 359
anti-Mexican, 143–44, 149
antiracism vs., 92, 165, 194, 201, 263, 271, 320, 424, 425
of dust bowl refugees, 226, 229
FSA and, 196, 199
Nazi, 220
in New Deal agencies, 196
railroad travel and, 39–40
southern, 196, 261, 263–65, 276–77, 278, 328
Raper, Arthur, 201, 266, 268, 272, 277, 417
Raphael Weill School, 319
Ray, Man, 351, 424
realism, xix, 125, 351–52, 364, 428, 429
social, 219–24, 282
Reclamation Act (1902), 354–55
relief, New Deal emergency, 93, 106, 115, 123–24, 128, 131, 133–34, 147, 149, 164, 171, 194–95, 199, 206, 221, 226–27, 253, 256–57, 276, 308, 317, 355
in the service of large growers, 147
Remington, Frederic, 66, 67
Resettlement Administration (RA), 194–95
Rexroth, Kenneth, 126, 128–29
Richman, Julia, 22
Richmond, Calif., 331–36, 333, 335, 411
Riis, Jacob, 23, 118, 280
Rivera, Diego, 53, 94–97, 112, 198
murals of, 95–97, 198
Robinson, Earl, 356
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 129, 140, 285, 346
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 56, 88, 140, 155, 164, 194, 213, 239, 263, 265, 275, 314, 328, 354
death of, 346–47
“Indian New Deal” of, 55
1932 election campaign of, 113–14, 158
polio contracted by, 11, 114
see also New Deal
Rosenblum, Naomi, 112–13
Ross, E. A., 141–42, 153
Rosskam, Ed, 196, 197, 199, 207–8, 294
Rothstein, Arthur, 198, 200, 201, 203, 206, 239, 264, 292
Rustin, Bayard, 316
Ryan, Beatrice Judd, 92–93
Salinas, Calif., 214
Sandburg, Carl, 133, 328, 348, 359
Sanderfield, Emily, 22, 417
San Francisco, xiv, xv, xx, 4, 7, 31, 42–64, 75–100, 89, 102, 105–20, 116, 121–39, 165, 186–87, 245, 302, 310, 319, 358, 404, 425
Artists’ and Writers’ Union established in, 126
Bohemian Club, 68–69, 70, 79, 93
cable cars of, 378–79
California School of Fine Arts, 89, 95, 96–97, 352
Chinatown, 33, 43, 92, 118, 185
Coit Tower murals, 129–30
de Young Museum, 43, 53, 55
DL as walker in, 115, 131
DL’s journey to, 38–41
Galerie Beaux Arts, 93, 106
Genthe in, 32–33, 43, 44, 45, 118
German Jewish community in, 55–56, 82, 91–92, 106
Golden Gate Bridge, 122, 313, 427
high culture of, 43, 54, 58, 60
Marsh & Company, 41, 42, 44, 49
Monkey Block art colony, 68–69, 70, 127, 130
1906 earthquake in, 33, 40, 43, 69, 76, 176, 186
1934 longshoremen’s strike in, 134–36, 138
Nob Hill, 32, 55, 67
Pacific Stock Exchange, 95–96
Palace of the Legion of Honor, 96, 106
Presidio Open Air School, 82–83
United Nations founding in, 330, 346–47, 354
San Francisco Camera Club, 44
San Francisco Chronicle, 43, 46, 55, 91, 159, 427
Sanger, Margaret, 195, 294
San Joaquin Valley, 148, 151, 164, 229, 354
Schuster, Ethel Rose, 153, 171–72, 179
Sekula, Allan, 60, 361
sentimentality, in photography, 28, 46, 53, 263, 325, 361
Shahn, Ben, 171, 198–99, 205, 206, 292, 298, 412
sharecroppers, xiv, xix, 194, 201, 219, 221, 263, 264–78, 280, 281, 285
average income of, 277
children of, 269, 272, 273, 273, 274
evictions of, 266–67, 275, 276, 285
FSA aid to, 268, 274, 277
quoted comments of, 265, 267, 268–69
tobacco production of, 270–74, 273
unionizing of, 274–78
women, 265, 269, 270, 272–73, 274, 277
Sinclair, Upton, 133
Siqueiros, David Alfaro, 95
Sledge, Leonard, 310–11
Smith, Eugene, 424
snapshots, 41, 57, 87, 175
social realism, 219–24, 282
Social Security, 133, 227, 243, 286, 297
soil erosion, 262, 267
see also dust bowl
Sommer, Anna, 107–8
Soule, Fred, 230, 289–90
South, 221, 259–78, 260, 261, 262, 272, 283, 285, 297–98
beauty of, 261–63, 281
DL’s captions on, 264, 265, 267, 273
FSA and, 196, 268–69
housing in, 269–70, 271
local general stores of, 264, 269, 328
lynching in, 201, 263, 277, 363
racism in, 196, 261, 263–65, 276–77, 278, 328
soil erosion in, 262, 267
tenant farmers in, 194, 209, 264–78; see also sharecroppers
voting rights in, 196, 256, 266, 403
Southern Tenant Farmers’ Union (STFU), 274–78
Soviet Union, 84, 109, 126, 220, 223, 359, 385, 393, 403, 429
art of, 125, 127, 131, 216–17, 220
Spanish Americans, 330
Spencer-Beatty, Madame A., 34, 417
Spivey, Mary, 181–82, 467n
Sproul, Robert, 356–57
Stackpole, Peter, 95, 96, 118, 126, 128, 129
Starr, Kevin, 249, 256
State Department, U.S., 384–87, 392, 394, 399
Steichen, Edward, 29, 345, 358–65, 410, 412, 417
Stein, Sally, 119, 238–39, 338
Steinbeck, John, 146–47, 150, 166, 230, 233, 279, 282
Stieglitz, Alfred, 28–29, 36, 45, 49, 84, 99, 119, 203, 358, 424
Stolz, H
erbert Rowell, 153, 173
stoop labor, 214, 215, 274
Strand, Paul, 98–99, 118, 119, 126, 203, 286, 357, 358, 408, 410
street photography, 99, 102, 115–18, 116, 117, 119, 131–32, 138, 245
Stryker, Roy,171, 193–208, 211, 217, 224, 227, 233–34, 241, 257, 263–64, 273, 305, 338, 352, 367
authenticity defended by, 239, 240
control exercised by, 287
DL’s relationship with, 287–300, 360, 417
Evans’s relationship with, 291–92
hiring criteria of, 197–98
photographs killed by, 206–7
“shooting scripts” of, 201–2, 351
Sturtevant, Roger, 44, 53, 57, 79, 92, 116, 172
Survey Graphic, 166, 175, 196, 230–31
Switzerland, 397–98, 401
Szarkowski, John, 360, 372, 409–11, 409, 412, 417, 421
Taos, N. Mex., 88, 97–100, 185
Taylor, Anne Wegman “Onnie,” 181, 184, 394, 414
Taylor, Dyanna, 180, 181
Taylor, Katharine “Kathy,” 153, 173–85, 339, 365, 394
Taylor, Katharine Whiteside, 151–54, 177, 180, 182, 187, 414
children of, see Fanger, Margot Taylor; Taylor, Katharine “Kathy”; Taylor, Ross
divorce of, 171–74, 175–76
as parent, 173–74, 177, 178, 181
Taylor, Paul Schuster, xv, xvi, 105, 136, 140–87, 194, 264, 267, 272, 273, 276, 339, 353–58, 364, 367, 367, 381, 404, 412, 425, 427
anti-Communist views of, 356, 384–85
death of, 354, 384
DL’s posthumous promotion by, 428
economist career of, 140, 142–43, 145, 151, 249, 252–53
FBI dossier on, 355–56, 384
first marriage of, see Taylor, Katharine Whiteside
foreign agrarian reform consultantships of, 382–400, 421
in FSA photography project, 199–200, 201, 207, 209, 210, 211, 224, 226, 230–31, 232, 244, 257–58, 292, 295, 297–99
Japanese American internment and, 314–15, 325
McCarthyism and, 355–58
military service of, 142, 152 ,357, 394
in mustard gas attack, 142, 394
as parent, 151, 154, 177, 178, 180, 181, 309–10
personality of, 140, 141, 169, 170
in political campaign, 354–55
social-justice advocacy of, 140, 145, 194, 231, 243
at University of Alexandria, 394–97
in Utah project, 367–70
water politics and, 286, 354, 355, 373, 387
work drive of, 160, 353–54, 383–84, 392
see also Lange-Taylor relationship
Taylor, Paul Schuster, research projects of, 143–71
agricultural labor relations, 147–51
dust bowl migration, 165–68
Guggenheim Fellowship for, 307
hardships of, 159–60, 161
interviews in, 143, 144–45, 144, 161
Mexican migration, 143–46, 148, 149, 157–65
