Book Read Free

Escaping Utopia

Page 25

by Lalich, Janja; McLaren, Karla;


  Goffman, Erving. Asylums. Garden City, NY: Anchors Books, 1961.

  Gregoire, Carolyn. “The Surprising Benefit of Going Through Hard Times.” The Huffington Post (January 6, 2016). http://huffingtonpost.com/entry/post-traumatic-growth-creativity_us_568426c0e4b014efe0d9d8e8.

  Hall, John R. Gone from the Promised Land: Jonestown in American Cultural History. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 1987.

  Hamilton, Marci A. God vs. The Gavel: Religion and the Rule of Law. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

  Heimlich, Janet. Breaking Their Will: Shedding Light on Religious Child Maltreatment. New York: Prometheus Books, 2011.

  Herman, Judith Lewis. Trauma and Recovery. New York: BasicBooks, 1992.

  Jacobs, Janet Liebman. Divine Disenchantment: Deconverting from New Religions. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989.

  Keillor, Garrison. Lake Wobegon Days. New York: Penguin Books, 1985.

  Kelman, Herbert C, and V. Lee Hamilton. Crimes of Obedience: Toward a Social Psychology of Authority and Responsibility. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989.

  Kent, Stephen A. “Generational Revolt by the Adult Children of First-Generation Members of the Children of God/The Family.” Cultic Studies Journal 3, no. 1 (2004): 56–72.

  Kent, Stephen A, and Deanna Hall. “Brainwashing and Re-Indoctrination Programs in the Children of God/The Family.” Cultic Studies Journal 17 (2000): 56–78.

  Krakauer, Jon. Under the Banner of Heaven: A Story of Violent Faith. New York: Anchor Books, 2004.

  Kristina, Celeste and Juliana. Not Without My Sister. London: Harper Element, 2007.

  Kutz, Paddy. “What Are the Effects of Child Abuse on the Brain?” (n.d.). http://newarkadvocate.com/fdcp/?unique=1334335352843.

  Lalich, Janja. “The Cadre Ideal: Origins and Development of a Political Cult.” Cultic Studies Journal 9, no. 1 (1992): 1–77.

  Lalich, Janja. “Pitfalls in the Sociological Study of Cults.” In Misunderstanding Cults: Searching for Objectivity in a Controversial Field, edited by B. Zablocki and T. Robbins, 123–155. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001.

  Lalich, Janja. Bounded Choice: True Believers and Charismatic Cults. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004.

  Lalich, Janja, and Madeleine Tobias. Take Back Your Life: Recovering from Cults and Abusive Relationships. Berkeley, CA: Bay Tree, 2006.

  Latta, Susan. “Adult Children of Cults: The Experiences of Individuals Born and Raised in a Cult as They Transition into Mainstream Society.” Master’s thesis, California State University, Chico, 2011. http://csuchico-dspace.calstate.edu/bitstream/handle/10211.4/365/Final%20-%20Susan%20Latta.pdf?sequence=1

  Layton, Deborah. Seductive Poison: A Jonestown Survivor’s Story of Life and Death in the Peoples Temple. New York: Anchor Books, 1998.

  Lifton, Robert Jay. Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism: A Study of “Brainwashing” in China. New York, Norton, 1961.

  Lifton, Robert Jay. The Protean Self: Human Resilience in an Age of Fragmentation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.

  Lifton, Robert Jay. Destroying the World to Save It: Aum Shinrikyo, Apocalyptic Violence, and the New Global Terrorism. New York: Metropolitan Books, 1999.

  McCants, William. The ISIS Apocalypse: The History, Strategy, and Doomsday Vision of the Islamic State. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2015.

  McWilliams, Nancy. Psychoanalytic Diagnosis: Understanding Personality Structure in the Clinical Process. New York: Guilford, 2011.

  Milgram, Stanley. Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.

  Narisetti, Innaiah. Forced into Faith: How Religion Abuses Children’s Rights. New York: Prometheus Books, 2009.

  Oakes, Len. Prophetic Charisma: The Psychology of Revolutionary Religious Personalities. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1997.

  Oswaks, M. “Tiny Tombstones: Inside the FLDS Graveyard for Babies Born from Incest.” Broadly, March 9, 2006. https://broadly.vice.com/en_us/article/tiny-tombstones-inside-the-flds-graveyard-for-babies-born-from-incest.

  Perez-De-Albeniz, Alberto, and Jeremy Holmes. “Meditation: Concepts, Effects and Uses in Therapy.” International Journal of Psychotherapy 5, no. 1 (2000): 49–58.

  Perry, Bruce Duncan, and Maia Szalavitz. The Boy Who Was Raised as a Dog and Other Stories from a Child Psychiatrist’s Notebook. New York: BasicBooks, 2006.

  Pfeffer, Jeffrey, and Robert B. Cialdini. “Illusions of Influence.” In Power and Influence in Organizations, edited by R.M. Kramer and M.A. Neale, 1–20. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1998.

  Rosen, Shelly. “Cults: A Natural Disaster—Looking at Cult Involvement Through a Trauma Lens.” International Cultic Studies Journal 5 (2014): 12–29.

  Shaw, Daniel. Traumatic Narcissism: Relational Systems of Subjugation. New York: Routledge, 2014.

  Shaw, Daniel. “The Insanity of Narcissism.” The Huffington Post, August 15, 2016. http://hufFingtonpost.com/entry/the-insanity-of-narcissism_us_57b25a19e4b0567d4f12b90b.

  Smith, Daniel W, Michael R. McCart, and Benjamin E. Saunders. “PTSD in Children and Adolescents: Risk Factors and Treatment Innovations.” In The Psychobiology of Trauma and Resilience Across the Lifespan, edited by Douglas L. Delahanty, 69–88. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson/Rowman & Littlefield, 2008.

  Southwick, Steven M, and Dennis S. Charney. Resilience: The Science of Mastering Life’s Greatest Challenges. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015.

  Stein, Alexandra. “Mothers in Cults: The Influence of Cults on the Relationship of Mothers to Their Children.” Cultic Studies Journal 14, no. 1 (1997): 40–57.

  Stein, Alexandra. Terror, Love and Brainwashing: Attachment in Cults and Totalitarian Systems. East Sussex, UK: Routledge, 2016.

  Stein, Alexandra, and Mary Russell. “Attachment Theory and Post-Cult Recovery.” Therapy Today, September (2016): 18–21.

  Stern, Jessica. Terror in the Name of God: Why Religious Militants Kill. New York: HarperCollins, 2003.

  Tavris, Carol, and Elliot Aronson. Mistakes Were Made (but Not by Me): Why We Justify Foolish Beliefs, Bad Decisions, and Hurtful Acts. New York: Mariner Books, 2015.

  Tourish, Dennis. The Dark Side of Transformational Leadership: A Critical Perspective. East Sussex, UK: Routledge, 2013.

  Tourish, Dennis, and Naheed Vatcha. “Charismatic Leadership and Corporate Cultism at Enron: The Elimination of Dissent, The Promotion of Conformity and Organizational Collapse.” Leadership 1, no. 4 (2005): 455–80.

  Tourish, Dennis, and Tim Wohlforth. On the Edge: Political Cults Right and Left. New York: Sharpe, 2000.

  Weber, Max. “The Sociology of Charismatic Authority.” In From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, edited by H. H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills, 196–252. New York: Oxford University Press, 1946.

  Weber, Max. The Sociology of Religion. Translated by Ephraim Fischoff. Boston: Beacon Press, 1947/1968.

  Weber, Max. “The Nature of Charismatic Authority and Its Routinization.” In Max Weber: On Charisma and Institution Building, edited by S. N. Eisenstadt, 48–65. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968.

  West, Louis J, and Margaret T. Singer. “Cults, Quacks, and Nonprofessional Therapies.” In Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry/III, edited by Harold I. Kaplan, Alfred M. Freedman, and Benjamin J. Sadock, 3245–57. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1980.

  West, Louis J, and Paul R. Martin. “Pseudo-Identity and the Treatment of Personality Changes in Victims of Captivity and Cults.” In Dissociation: Clinical and Theoretical Perspectives, edited by S.J. Lynne and J.W. Rhue, 269–88. New York: Guilford Press, 1994.

  Williams, Miriam. Heaven’s Harlots: My Fifteen Years in a Sex Cult. New York: Morrow, 1998.

  Zablocki, Benjamin. “Hyper-Compliance in Charismatic Groups.” In Mind, Brain and Society: Toward a Neurosociology of Emotion, edited by D.D. Franks and T.S. Smith, 287–310. Stamford, CT: JAI Press, 1999.

  Zablocki, Benjamin, and Thomas Robbins, eds. Misunderstanding Cults: Searching f
or Objectivity in a Controversial Field. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001.

  Zimbardo, Philip G, and Michael R. Leippe. The Psychology of Attitude Change and Social Influence. New York: McGraw Hill, 1991.

  INDEX

  abandonment issues 49

  abuse see child abuse; child labor; sexual abuse

  acceptance 118, 119–120

  accessible resources 121

  addiction 7, 9n10

  Aesthetic Realism 35–36, 54–55

  aftereffects 112–114

  alienation and loss, sense of 107–109

  all-encompassing belief systems 32

  all-exclusive belief systems 32

  all-or-nothing belief systems 93

  alternative social structures 37–38

  American Buddhist Movement 4

  anger 24, 59–60n1, 66, 124n6

  anxiety 15, 16, 89, 97, 115, 158

  apocalyptic groups 93, 103n7 see also end-times predictions

  Arizona, Fundamentalist Mormons in 12

  Arquette, Alexis 1, 9n1

  Arquette, David 1, 9n1

  Arquette, Patricia 1, 9n1

  Arquette, Richmond 1, 9n1

  Arquette, Rosanna 1, 9n1

  Assemblies of God 90–91

  Asylums (Goffman) 63

  atheist cults 4

  attachment behavior system 47

  attachment theory 46–47

  Aum Shinrikyo 103n7

  authoritarianism 51

  authority 6, 87 see also charismatic authority

  bankruptcy metaphor 125–126

  Bardin, Livia 121

  Beatles 14

  behavioral modification processes 93

  belief issues, post-cult 114–115

  believe in yourself 137

  Berg, David “Moses” 20, 21, 35–36, 45–46, 54, 124n6

  bonding: healthy 7, 46–47; with parents, not permitted 10, 19, 21, 25, 34–35, 34–35n10, 46, 55–56, 68

  boundaries, loss of 94

  boundary violations 52

  bounded choice 3, 8, 9n4, 58; four dimensions 5–6, 11, 24, 31–33, 39–40; see charismatic authority; systems of control; systems of influence; transcendent belief system

  Bounded Choice: True Believers and Charismatic Cults (Lalich) 9n4, 40n6, 59n13, 59n14, 60n24, 103n4, 144

  bounded reality 7, 45

  Bowlby, John 46

  brainwashing 88

  Branch Davidians 68

  Braxton, Toni 1, 9n1

  Brotherhood of the Spirit/Renaissance Community 45, 53

  Buddhism 4

  Camping, Harold 2, 9n2

  capturing and retaining followers 33–37

  career issues 120–121

  caregiving system 47

  Celestial Kingdom 12

  Celestial Marriage (plural marriage) 12

  Centennial Park (FLDS) 104, 123

  changing the world 3

  charisma, concept of 42–44

  charisma by proxy 6, 54–55

  charismatic authority 5, 6–7, 31, 41–60; coping mechanisms for surviving 55–56; defined 42; dynamics 52–53; egotism of leader 43–44, 51–54; evaluating in your own life 56–58; followers required 43; healthy 58; how charism becomes toxic 44–48; narcissism in 51–54; toxic narcissism of cultic groups 54–55; Weber on 42–44

  Charney, Dennis 127

  checks and balances, lack of 44, 57, 58, 80, 90

  child abuse 68, 75

  childcare duties 10, 15

  child labor 16, 75, 76–77

  child protection agencies 26

  children of cults 1; caretaking roles assumed by 34, 37; children of cult leaders 48–50; not there by choice 10 see also sexual abuse of children

  The Children of God (The Family) 20–22, 30, 35, 56

  ChildTrauma Academy (Houston) 68

  China 103n7

  Chinese Communist schools 93

  Chopra, Deepak 123

  Christian groups 2, 9n2 see also Children of God; Church of the Living Word; Fundamentalist Mormons (Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, FLDS); New Early Christian Church; Worldwide Church of God

  Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (LDS) 12

  Church of the Living Word 36–37, 90, 131–132

  Cialdini, Robert 86–87, 97

  Close, Glenn 1, 9n1

  closed high-demand groups (CHDGs) 132

  codes, secret 37, 38

  cognitive dissonance 97

  collective homes 10

  College of Learning (Jung SuWon martial arts) 25–27, 34, 44, 45, 46, 55–56, 74; escape from 108, 116–117, 121; families separated 69–71; system of control 79

  Colorado City (FLDS) 104, 123, 134

  commitment 97, 101; testimony of 32

  communal intimacy 88

  communication, control of 63, 93, 100, 101

  compartmentalization 129

  Complex-PTSD (C-PTSD) 127–128, 132

  compliance 91; hyper-compliance 96–97

  confession, public 89, 94, 100

  conscience 138

  consistency 87, 97

  control 38 see also systems of control

  coping mechanisms for survival: charismatic authority 55–56; systems of control 78–79; systems of influence 98–99; transcendent belief system 37–38

  core self 95

  corporal punishment 19, 20, 21, 26, 35; touted as benefit 36–37

  corporate cults 5, 31, 63

  countries, as cults 52

  critical judgment 96–97

  critical-thinking capacities 94

  criticism 30, 38, 52, 84, 88–89, 92; self-criticism 40n6, 88, 89

  Cult Awareness Network (CAN) 138, 142n20

  cult behavior, as human behavior 1, 8

  cults: defined 5–8; as term 3–4; what cults are not 4–5

  Cultural Revolution 103n7

  daily rules 64, 73–78

  Deadheads 17, 88

  “death-to-outsiders” feature 6, 9n9

  dedication/devotion 14, 31, 93–94, 101

  defense mechanisms 95

  defiance 56

  “Deliverance Ministry” 74–75

  Delphi (Scientology school) 88–89, 135

  Democratic Worker’s Party 81n3, 103n4

  denial 33

  deprogramming 130–131

  deviance, inner 52

  dialectic of freedom and necessity 92

  disability 19–20, 21, 65–66

  discipline 19, 20, 33, 57; corporal punishment 19, 20, 21, 26, 69–70, 74; systems of control 69

  discretion 125

  disfellowshipping 78

  dispensing of existence 96

  dissociation 37, 60n30, 112, 131

  doctrine over person 94

  double and triple standards 51

  Durkheim, Emile 40nn2, 4, 5

  duty and obedience 43–44, 64; systems of influence 91

  education/schools: after escape 118, 119–120; College of Learning 27; Exclusive Brethren 23–24; for healing 134–135; public, Fundamentalist Mormon 15; re-indoctrination of public school students 66; Transcendental Meditation 15–16

  The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life (Durkheim) 40nn2, 4, 5

  end-times predictions 2, 9n3; Children of God 20, 35; The Family 36; Twelve Tribes 18

  Enron 5, 31, 63

  entrapment 38, 40, 42, 45, 56, 64, 73

  escape from cults 16, 19, 104–124; acceptance 118, 119–120; alienation and loss 107–109; helpful resources 117–120; identity and self-esteem 114–117; plan for leaving 125; reading supportive literature 118; roller-coaster of world outside 109–112; second-and third-generation cult members 106–107; stigma about cults 106, 107, 108, 109; what would have helped 120–121; work experience 111, 114 see also surviving and thriving

  evaluation: charismatic authority 56–58; systems of control 79; systems of influence 99–101; transcendent belief systems 38–39

  exceptionalism 32

  exclusion 39; disfello
wshipping 78

  Exclusive Brethren 22–24, 28n12, 29, 32, 41, 46, 56, 61–62, 66; escape from 104–105, 107, 110, 114–115, 119, 120, 122, 133, 139; social restrictions 72

  excommunication 22, 24, 41; after escape from group 105, 107

  “exorcism” 74–75, 95

  expulsion, threats of 15, 16, 53, 57, 77–78

  extremism 93, 96

  Fairfield, Iowa 15

  false sense of freedom 7

  The Family International, The Family, Children of God 20–22, 30, 35, 46, 56, 61; child labor 75; education 65; escape from 104, 109–113, 121, 122, 132–133, 134, 137; “Flirty Fishing” 20; Law of Love 20, 21, 75; murder/suicide 112, 124n6; rebellion 79; social restrictions 72; system of influence 85, 95; teen training camps 67; Turkish compound 69–70

  family life: control of 64; restrictions on 68–71 see also parents

  Family Radio station 9n2

  family units, as cults 5

  fatigue, debilitation through 63

  “favorites” not allowed 76, 110

  fear, state of 73, 91–92

  Fellowship Tabernacle 66

  first-, second-, third-, and fourth-generation members 140

  First Amendment rights 4

  “Flirty Fishing” 20

  food stamps 12, 27n3

  foster families 104

  four dimensions of bounded choice 5–6, 11, 24, 31–33, 39–40

  freedoms, restriction of 66–67

  free will 96

  friends 16, 18; contact not allowed or difficult 25, 26, 36, 71–72, 83–84; loss of through excommunication 83; as recruits 86

  friendship communities for child raising 118

  Fromm, Erich 52, 60n27

  fundamental attribution error 59n7

  Fundamentalist Mormons (Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, FLDS) 11–14, 27n3, 30, 34, 56, 61; escape from 104, 109, 123, 129–130; increase in groups 13–14; systems of influence 89–90

  Furnari, Leona 132

  Gabriel of Sedona 45

  Gallaudet University for the Deaf 20

  GED (General Educational Development) 120, 121

  “gentile world” 30

  Germany, Nazi 52

  Goffman, Erving 63

  goodness, cult’s definition of 47

  Grandmaster Kim (Tae Yun Kim) 25, 41, 44, 45, 55–56, 65, 74, 108

  Grateful Dead 17, 88

  Greater Bethel Temple 51, 53–54

 

‹ Prev