Day of the Rangers: The Battle of Mogadishu 25 Years On
Page 38
21. Karcher, Major Timothy M., Understanding the Victory Disease, from the Little Bighorn, to Mogadishu, to the Future; www.dtic.mil/get-tr-doc/pdf?AD=ADA416034
22. Kassinger, Jack, Holding Hands with Heroes (Pittsburgh: Dorrance Publishing, 2010), p. 154
23. Ernst Presentation, MOUT 2000 Conference
24. http://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/intelligence-challenges-in-urban-operations
25. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/magazine/2000/02/27/after-action-report/3c474a43-ea21-4bf5-afc5-02820b8579e5/?utm_term=.fbffa8f6d588
26. Wasdin and Templin, SEAL Team Six, p. 197
27. Ibid, p. 209
28. Smith, Michael, Killer Elite: The Inside Story of America’s Most Secret Special Operations Team (London: Orion, 2006), p. 187
29. Faust, Task Force Ranger in Somalia: Isaiah 6:8
30. Ibid
31. http://www.pacom.mil/Media/Speeches-Testimony/Article/795839/special-operations-command-pacific-change-of-command/
32. Ernst Presentation, MOUT 2000 Conference
33. Naylor, Sean, Relentless Strike: The Secret History of Joint Special Operations Command (New York: St Martins, 2015), p. 59
34. Allard, Kenneth, Somalia Operations: Lessons Learned (Washington DC: National Defense University Press, 1995), p. 51
35. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ambush/interviews/haad.html
36. Rysewyk, Experiences of Executive Officer from Bravo Company
37. Smith, Task Force Ranger in Somalia
38. Department of Defense, Subject: After Action Report for TASK FORCE RANGER Operations in Support of UNOSOM II
39. Ibid
40. Faust, Task Force Ranger in Somalia: Isaiah 6:8
41. Smith, Task Force Ranger in Somalia
42. Rysewyk, Experiences of Executive Officer from Bravo Company
43. Senate Review
44. Ibid
45. Smith, Task Force Ranger in Somalia
46. Faust, Task Force Ranger in Somalia: Isaiah 6:8
47. Ibid
48. Smith, Task Force Ranger in Somalia
49. Ibid
50. Ibid
51. Faust, Task Force Ranger in Somalia: Isaiah 6:8
52. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-holy-warrior/
53. Sangvic, Major Roger N., Battle of Mogadishu: Anatomy of a Failure (Fort Leavenworth: School of Advanced Military Studies United States Army Command and General Staff College, 1999); www.dtic.mil/get-tr-doc/pdf?AD=ADA366316
54. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ambush/interviews/montgomery.html
55. Sangvic, Battle of Mogadishu: Anatomy of a Failure
56. Lechner, A Monograph of Combat Operations in Mogadishu
57. Faust, Task Force Ranger in Somalia: Isaiah 6:8
58. Department of Defense, Subject: After Action Report for TASK FORCE RANGER Operations in Support of UNOSOM II
59. Levin, C. and Warner, J., Subject: Review of Circumstances Surrounding the Ranger Raid on October 3-4 1993 in Mogadishu, Somalia (Washington: Senate Committee on Armed Services, 1995)
Chapter 3
1. Faust, Task Force Ranger in Somalia: Isaiah 6:8
2. Smith, Killer Elite, p. 188
3. Faust, Task Force Ranger in Somalia: Isaiah 6:8
4. Senate Review
5. DiTomasso, The Battle of the Black Sea
6. https://www.dvidshub.net/news/165185/career-sof-senior-nco-receives-2015-bull-simons-award
7. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/black-hawk-down-site-revisited-20-years-later/
8. http://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/interview-michael-j-durant-2/
9. Ibid
10. Smith, Task Force Ranger in Somalia
11. https://www.army.mil/article/135695/Soldiers_reflect_on_Battle_of_Mogadishu/
12. Smith, Task Force Ranger in Somalia
13. Ibid
14. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ambush/interviews/haad.html
15. Thomas, Get It On!, p. 53
16. http://edition.cnn.com/2001/LAW/04/23/embassy.bombings.trial.01/index.html
17. Bowden, Black Hawk Down, p. 53
18. Butler Jr., Captain Frank, Hagmann, Lieutenant Colonel John H. and Richards, David T., “Tactical Management of Urban Warfare Casualties in Special Operations” (Military Medicine, 165, Supplement 1, 2000)
19. https://www.brooksidepress.org/Products/.../DATA/.../SOMALIA7May1999.doc
20. Ibid
21. Ibid
22. McKnight, Streets of Mogadishu, p. 127
23. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2002-01-19/news/0201190359_1_blackburn-commandos-rangers
24. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ambush/rangers/berendsen.html
25. Durant, Chief Warrant Officer 4 Michael J. and Hartov, Steven, In the Company of Heroes (New York: GP Putnam’s Sons, 2003), p. 39
26. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=97hbJzK7SU8
27. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ambush/interviews/haad.html
28. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ambush/rangers/berendsen.html
29. http://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/interview-michael-j-durant-2/
30. Perino, Captain Larry D., The Battle of the Black Sea: Mogadishu Somalia (Fort Benning: Infantry Officer’s Advanced Course, 1994); www.benning.army.mil/library/content/Virtual/.../PerinoLarryD%20%20CPT.pdf
31. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ambush/interviews/haad.html
32. Eversmann, Matt and Schilling, Dan, The Battle of Mogadishu: Firsthand Accounts from the Men of Task Force Ranger (New York: Presidio Press, 2004), p. 185
33. Ibid, p. 69
Chapter 4
1. Lechner, A Monograph of Combat Operations in Mogadishu
2. DiTomasso, The Battle of the Black Sea
3. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/black-hawk-down-site-revisited-20-years-later/
4. Boykin, Lieutenant General William G., Never Surrender (New York: Hachette, 2008), p. 265
5. This is a direct quote from a Delta operator who wished to remain anonymous
6. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ambush/etc/script.html
7. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/black-hawk-down-site-revisited-20-years-later/
8. Butler, Hagmann and Richards, “Tactical Management of Urban Warfare Casualties in Special Operations”
9. Boykin, Never Surrender, p. 266
10. Butler, Hagmann and Richards, “Tactical Management of Urban Warfare Casualties in Special Operations”
11. https://www.army.mil/article/108840
12. http://www.24sow.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/162683/pj-scott-fales-receives-2012-bull-simons-award/
13. https://www.army.mil/article/156778/Veterans_reflect_on_Battle_of_Mogadishu/
14. Smith, Task Force Ranger in Somalia
15. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/black-hawk-down-site-revisited-20-years-later/
16. http://www.24sow.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/162683/pj-scott-fales-receives-2012-bull-simons-award/
17. Ibid
18. Ibid
19. http://www.24sow.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/162683/pj-scott-fales-receives-2012-bull-simons-award/
20. http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,163897,00.html
21. http://arits.org/biographies/279-sfc-earl-fillmore
22. Smith, Task Force Ranger in Somalia
23. Ibid
24. Thomas, Get It On!, p. 106
25. Perino, The Battle of the Black Sea: Mogadishu Somalia
26. Ibid
27. Ibid
28. Ibid
29. Ibid
30. http://www.24sow.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/162683/pj-scott-fales-receives-2012-bull-simons-award/
Chapter 5
1. http://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/interview-michael-j-durant-2/
2. Ibid
3. Bowden, Black Hawk Down, p. 167
4. Grau, Lester W., �
��A Weapon For All Seasons: The Old But Effective RPG-7 Promises to Haunt the Battlefields of Tomorrow” (Infantry Magazine, May–August 1998); http://fmso.leavenworth.army.mil/documents/weapon.htm
5. Rottman, Gordon L., The Rocket Propelled Grenade (Oxford: Osprey, 2010), p. 46
6. DeKever, Andrew J. and Durant, Chief Warrant Officer 4 Michael J., Here Rests in Honored Glory: Life Stories of Our Country’s Medal Of Honor Recipients (Merriam Press Military, 2012), p. 322
7. https://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/socom-year-in-review-2008-2009/
8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ioo3HnN8rKI
9. http://www.socnet.com/showthread.php?t=75147
10. http://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/interview-michael-j-durant-2/
11. http://edition.cnn.com/2016/03/14/us/mike-durant-rewind/index.html
12. DeLong, Kent and Tuckey, Steven, Mogadishu! Heroism and Tragedy (Westport: Praeger Publishers, 1994), p. 43
13. http://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/interview-michael-j-durant-2/
14. Ecklund, Marshall V. and McNerney, Michael A., Personnel Recovery Operations for Special Operations Forces in Urban Environments: Modeling Successful Overt and Clandestine Methods of Recovery (California: Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, 2004); https://calhoun.nps.edu/handle/10945/1159
15. Lechner, A Monograph of Combat Operations in Mogadishu, Somalia Conducted by Task Force Ranger
16. Smith, Task Force Ranger in Somalia
17. http://edition.cnn.com/2016/03/14/us/mike-durant-rewind/index.html
18. https://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/interview-michael-j-durant-2/
19. Ecklund and McNerney, Personnel Recovery Operations for Special Operations Forces In Urban Environments
20. https://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/interview-michael-j-durant-2/
Chapter 6
1. https://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/interview-michael-j-durant-2/
2. Lechner, A Monograph of Combat Operations in Mogadishu, Somalia Conducted by Task Force Ranger
3. Eversmann and Schilling, The Battle of Mogadishu: Firsthand Accounts from the Men of Task Force Ranger, p. 185
4. McKnight, Streets of Mogadishu, p. 164
5. Smith, Task Force Ranger in Somalia
6. https://www.dvidshub.net/news/printable/165185
7. https://www.army.mil/article/135695/soldiers_reflect_on_battle_of_mogadishu
8. Ibid
9. Whetstone, Lieutenant Colonel Michael, Madness in Mogadishu: Commanding the 10th Mountain Division’s Quick Reaction Company during Black Hawk Down (Mechanicsburg: Stackpole Books, 2015), p. 215
10. Ibid
Chapter 7
1. Perino, The Battle of the Black Sea: Mogadishu Somalia
2. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/black-hawk-down-site-revisited-20-years-later/
3. https://www.brooksidepress.org/Products/.../DATA/.../SOMALIA7May1999.doc
4. Carney and Schemmer, No Room for Error, p. 254
5. http://www.airforcemag.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/1994/June%201994/0694heroes.aspx
6. Carney and Schemmer, No Room for Error, p. 255
7. http://www.courier-tribune.com/news/20161105/bray-lived-dream-he-wanted-to-be-soldier
8. Smith, Task Force Ranger in Somalia
9. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ambush/interviews/montgomery.html
10. Ibid
11. Ibid
12. Ferry, Captain Charles P., “Mogadishu, October 1993: A Company XO’s Notes on Lessons Learned” (Infantry Magazine, November-December 1994); https://www.benning.army.mil/magazine/1994/1994_6/fa02.pdf
13. Ibid
14. Ibid
15. Casper, Colonel Lawrence E., Falcon Brigade: Combat and Command in Somalia and Haiti (Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2001), p. 79
16. Ferry, “Mogadishu, October 1993: A Company XO’s Notes on Lessons Learned”
17. Whetstone, Madness in Mogadishu, p. 168
18. http://www.battleofmogadishu.com/Cms_Data/Contents/mog/Media/.../JAN_APR_98.pdf
19. Ibid
20. Smith, Task Force Ranger in Somalia
21. Rysewyk, Experiences of Executive Officer from Bravo Company
22. https://www.dvidshub.net/news/165185/career-sof-senior-nco-receives-2015-bull-simons-award
23. http://www.homeofheroes.com/valor/02_awards/silverstar/6_PostRVN/10_somalia.html
24. https://www.army.mil/article/135695/soldiers_reflect_on_battle_of_mogadishu
Chapter 8
1. Smith, Task Force Ranger in Somalia
2. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ambush/rangers/ramaglia.html
3. Smith, Task Force Ranger in Somalia
4. Perino, The Battle of the Black Sea: Mogadishu Somalia
5. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/magazine/2000/02/27/after-action-report/3c474a43-ea21-4bf5-afc5-02820b8579e5/?utm_term=.517e38c186d4
6. www.drum.army.mil/mountaineer/Article.aspx?ID=7891
7. Ecklund and McNerney, Personnel Recovery Operations for Special Operations Forces In Urban Environments
8. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ambush/interviews/haad.html
9. Faust, Task Force Ranger in Somalia: Isaiah 6:8
10. Ibid
11. http://www.governmentattic.org/2docs/Army_160thSOAR_Histories_1991-2001.pdf
12. http://www.dailylife.com.au/news-and-views/dl-culture/black-hawk-down-us-prisoner-of-war-mike-durant-reunites-with-the-aid-worker-who-saved-him-20150518-gh41z5.html
Chapter 9
1. McKnight, Streets of Mogadishu, p. 169
2. Senate Review
3. Ibid
4. Ibid
5. Ibid
6. Ibid
7. Ibid
8. Ernst Presentation, MOUT 2000 Conference
9. Senate Review
10. Ibid
11. Baumann and Yates with Washington, My Clan Against the World, p. 22
12. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1993/10/31/the-words-behind-a-deadly-decision/061d5a21-d93a-4c7d-8ad5-4a0c10688595/?utm_term=.65ae1a4b6a57
13.http://www.worldaffairsboard.com/showthread.php?t=41259
14. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ambush/etc/script.html
15. Galdorisi, George and Phillips, Thomas, Leave No Man Behind: The Saga of Combat Search and Rescue (St Paul: Zenith Press, 2009), p. 505
16. Ibid, p. 505
17. Sangvic, Battle of Mogadishu: Anatomy of a Failure
18. Eversmann, MOUT 2000 Conference
19. http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2009/07/06/the-kill-company
20. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/21/world/middleeast/21abuse.html
21. http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2009/07/06/the-kill-company
22. Ricks, Thomas E., The Gamble: General Petraeus and the Untold Story of the American Surge in Iraq (New York: Penguin, 2009), p. 35
23. Interview with Task Force Ranger participant September 23, 2017
24. Interview with Task Force Ranger participant August 2, 2017
25. Interview with Task Force Ranger participant July 27, 2017
26. Kilcullen, David, Out of the Mountains: The Coming Age of the Urban Guerrilla (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013), p. 75
27. Ibid
28. http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2011/12/shabaab_leader_recou.php#
29. Duffield, Major Mark F., Into the Beehive: The Somali Habr Gidr Clan As An Adaptive Enemy; www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a374653.pdf
30. http://edition.cnn.com/2001/LAW/04/23/embassy.bombings.trial.01/index.html
31. http://www.weeklystandard.com/showstoppers/article/4846
32. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1993/10/31/the-words-behind-a-deadly-decision/061d5a21-d93a-4c7d-8ad5-4a0c10688595/?utm_term=.65ae1a4b6a57
33. Ibid
34. Senate Review
35. http://www.militaryhallofhonor.com/honoree-record.php?id=1973
36. Kragh, John F. and others, Tragedy into Drama: An American History of Tourniquet Use in the Current War (Fort Sam Houston: United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 2013); www.dtic.mil/get-tr-doc/pdf?AD=ADA614535
37. Regimental Training Guidance
38. Couch, Sua Sponte
39. Eversmann, MOUT 2000 Conference
40. Adcock, Gene, CCT – Eye of the Storm Volume 2: The GWOT Years (Author House, 2012)
41.Senate Review
REFERENCES
INTERVIEWES
John Belman, 75th Ranger Regiment
Tom DiTomasso, 75th Ranger Regiment
Mike Durant, 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne)
Matt Eversmann, 75th Ranger Regiment
Norman Hooten, 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta (Airborne)
Gerry Izzo, 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne)
Gary Keeney, 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta (Airborne)
Paul Leonard, 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta (Airborne)
Karl Maier, 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne)
Michael Moser, 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta (Airborne)
Jim Smith, 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta (Airborne)
Jeff Struecker, 75th Ranger Regiment
Kelly Venden, 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta (Airborne)
A number of additional interviewees chose to remain anonymous due to their continuing work in the field of special operations.
BOOKS
Adcock, Gene, CCT – Eye of the Storm Volume 2: The GWOT Years (Author House, 2012)
Allard, Kenneth, Somalia Operations: Lessons Learned (Washington DC: National Defense University Press, 1995)
Baumann, Robert F. and Yates, Lawrence A. with Washington, Versalle F., My Clan Against the World: US and Coalition Forces in Somalia 1992–1994 (Leavenworth: Washington Combat Studies Institute Press, 2003)
Bolger, Lieutenant General Daniel P., Death Ground: Today’s American Infantry in Battle (Novato: Presidio Press, 1999)
Bolger, Lieutenant General Daniel P., Savage Peace: Americans at War in the 1990s (Novato: Presidio Press, 1995)
Bowden, Mark, Black Hawk Down (London: Bantam Press, 1999)
Boykin, Lieutenant General William G., Never Surrender (New York: Hachette, 2008)
Carney, Colonel John T. and Schemmer, Benjamin F., No Room for Error: The Covert Operations of America’s Special Tactics Units from Iran to Afghanistan (New York: Ballantine Books, 2002)