by Simon Heffer
architecture 735
armed forces 480
Corn Laws 98
and Disraeli 110–11
divorce 517, 520, 525–6
education 425, 445–6, 460
Foreign and War Office redesign 741–8
as Foreign Secretary 100, 101, 108
Prince Albert Memorial 344, 346, 351–4
and Russell 110
and Scott 741–8, 754
sewers 701, 706
Paradise Place 677–9
parks 696–7
‘parliamentary trains’ 713
Past and Present 54, 58, 95, 171, 377
pauperism 39, 422–3, 467, 566, 599, 618, 633, 668, 671, 770
stigma of 438, 654
paupers 40, 48, 606–7
education of 422, 619, 694
numbers of 94, 378, 633, 668–9, 675
Paxton, Sir Joseph 303, 312, 313, 317, 705
Peabody, George 648, 817
Peabody Trust 800–2
Pearson, Sir Edwin 280–4
Peel, General Jonathan 396, 397
Peel, Sir Robert 208–9, 369, 817
and Ashley 64–6, 68, 70–2
civil unrest 43, 124
company law 201
Corn Laws 38, 46–9, 92, 94, 95–104, 107–10, 265
and Disraeli 269, 272–4
education 75
and Gladstone 47, 95, 100–1, 108, 109, 265
Great Exhibition, the 292, 297–9
railways 717
and the Royal Family 33–6, 100, 103–4, 287–8, 292, 771
and Shaftesbury 258
‘Peelites’ 104, 110, 111, 266, 276, 277
Penal Servitude Act 631, 668
Pennethorne, James 350, 736, 752
penny post xiv, 290, 415 see also mail/post
pensions 472, 477, 489, 666, 674, 812–13
People’s Charter 17, 38, 117, 119
Peterloo 43, 54
Peto, Samuel Morton 304, 317
philanthropy xii, 41, 59, 131, 415, 632, 634, 653, 672, 679, 682, 685, 692, 801
Philip, John Birnie 358, 360, 363, 370, 371
philistinism 18, 431, 594–5, 602, 604, 605, 607, 611, 735, 772
Philosophical Institution of Edinburgh 413
Philpott, Henry 447
Phipps, Colonel Charles 292, 294, 318–19, 332, 346, 355, 357, 358
pills 85, 684
Pitt the Younger’s robe 276–7
Playfair, Lyon 298, 305, 310, 313, 529, 554–5, 692, 787
Pleydell-Bouverie, Edward 530
police force 97, 119, 130, 305, 313, 391, 709
political parties 110–11
Poor Law 37, 39, 113, 124, 537 see also workhouses
1834 xiii, 34, 39, 48, 50
and Carlyle 53
and Chadwick 693–4, 696
Charity Organisation Society, The 671–4
and Chartism 118, 121
Commission 73, 694, 695
and Dickens 636
guardians 670, 671–2
and Hill 680
and Peel 49, 102
population, rise of xi, 39, 60, 74, 160, 378, 417, 421, 470, 668, 691, 714
pornography 266, 267
Portland, Duke of 75, 105, 106, 270
potato famine xiv, 60, 97–8, 101–2, 106, 144, 261, 472
press 723, 773, 806 see also magazines; newspapers; individual publication titles
Pretor, Alfred 27–9
Prince Consort Memorial Committee 344, 345, 358, 361, 366, 369
prisons 102, 631, 639, 641, 642
Privy Council 103, 319, 427, 436, 441, 474
Committee for Education 43, 75, 318, 322, 417–21, 442, 461–2, 548
Judicial Committee 752
staff 164, 166, 320, 414
professions 433, 571 see also doctors
Propagandists 107–8, 272, 381
prostitution xiii, 86, 113, 422, 525
and Booth 662
and Burdett-Coutts 639–47, 649–50
and Butler 551
children 655
Contagious Diseases Act 534–6, 797–9
and Dickens 639–47
and Gladstone 264, 266–8, 280, 390
Protectionists 89, 107, 108, 270, 272
Protestantism 95, 135, 140–2, 149, 154, 176, 189, 190, 233
provident funds 674
Prussia, Crown Princess of 354, 369, 403, 497–8, 770, 805
public executions 404, 624–31 see also capital punishment
public health xiii, 261, 280, 691–7, 774, 800, 802
Public Health Acts 701, 766
Sanitary Act (1866) 708
vaccinations 696
public opinion 35–6, 202, 777, 792
army purchase system 491, 492
Corn Laws 92, 105, 394
electoral reform 408, 534
Great Exhibition, the 302
of Prince Albert 287, 319, 327, 345–6
of Queen Victoria 394, 498
schools 223, 444, 446, 543
public schools 1–10, 23–6, 444, 453–6
curriculum 8–10, 445, 448–9, 456–7, 459, 460
Public Schools Act (1868) 416, 431, 461, 462
Pugin, Augustus W. N. 135, 315, 348, 728–9, 754, 764
pursuit of perfection xi, xv, 602, 817
Pusey, Edward 140, 142, 734
Quakers 18, 90, 149, 254, 256, 258, 432, 629, 710
Queen’s College 188, 539, 541, 543, 546
Queen’s Speeches 102, 318, 395–6, 435, 517, 692, 775
Radical Reform Association 117
Radicals 110, 205, 356, 399, 596, 786, 810
ragged churches 147
Ragged Schools 76–9, 415, 418, 429, 443, 466, 639, 640, 642, 653–4, 676, 679, 711
railways 18, 403, 406, 626, 706, 712–24 see also stations
cartels 725–6
effects of 39, 41, 43, 124, 151, 692, 816
gauges 290, 719
Great Exhibition, the 294, 307
prices 160, 713, 724–7
Railway King 721–2
speculation 98, 716–18, 720–1
rates 90, 398, 401, 402, 408, 440–2, 526, 695, 697, 706, 711, 726, 767 see also taxation
rationalism 198, 199, 220, 241, 578
Record Commission 289–90
Reform Act (1832) 15, 40, 51, 61, 64, 97, 110, 114, 118, 125
Reform Act (1867) 114, 204, 269, 377, 380–404, 411, 579, 765, 768, 812
qualifications 395, 401
Reform League 381, 385, 391–4, 397, 399–401
reformatories 423
Reid, Elizabeth Jesser 539, 541–3, 544
Reid, Lt Colonel William 296, 297, 304, 305
religion xii, 1, 4, 79, 203, 215, 416, 564–5, 589–91
and education 417–24, 430, 436, 438, 440–3, 711, 789, 790
Report on the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population 73, 694
Repton School 25–6
Revised Code (education) 424–6, 429, 435, 599, 783
Reynolds, George 658–9, 660
Richmond, Duke of 410, 805
riots 42, 52, 119, 392–3, 394, 410, 607
Ripon, Lord 47–8, 148, 410, 495
roads 102, 280
Robertson, D. A. 195
Robinson, Henry Crabb 539, 541, 542, 543
Roman Catholicism 4, 14, 60, 139, 141, 144, 145, 183, 501, 789 see also Catholicism
Romanes, George 246–7
Ros, Lord de 260, 461
Rose, Rev. Hugh James 139
Rothschild, Lionel de 253, 256, 259, 260, 262
Royal Academy 237, 312, 344, 364
Royal Academy of Music 319, 337, 338
Royal Albert Hall, the see Albert Hall
Royal College of Music 321, 324, 336, 338
Royal Commissions see also Clarendon Commission on Public Schools; Taunton Commission on middle-class schools
on the army 480
into the Army Medical Service 562–3
&
nbsp; on the education of the poorer classes (Newcastle Com) 418, 420–3, 430, 462, 463, 596
to embank the Thames 704
on Fine Arts 287–8
on the law courts 752
into the operation of the Poor Law 693
to oversee the Exhibition 292, 295–301, 305, 314, 315, 318, 320, 321, 324, 471
on public executions 629–30
on Railways 725
on Sanitary Laws 404
Royal Family 121, 128–9, 289, 308, 498, 679, 772 see also individual members
Royal Holloway College 686–90
Royal Society 318, 460
Rugby School 2, 3, 5–12, 19–20, 22, 26, 154, 164, 170, 171, 226, 446, 448, 450, 453, 454, 457, 466, 735, 775
Ruskin, John v, 228, 582, 593, 604, 611–19, 817 see also Seven Lamps of Architecture, The; Stones of Venice, The; Time and Tide
architecture 327, 664, 714–15, 719, 729–33, 748–9
and Butler 237
Capitalism 614–16, 667
and Carlyle 233, 611, 618, 619
and Cowper 328
Crystal Palace, the 305
education 205, 377
and Hill 676–82
and Mill 202
philanthropy 633, 634, 672, 676–82
railways 714–15, 719
reform 377, 623
and Scott 748–9
and Smiles 209
and Street 753
writings 190, 237, 613–17, 729–31
Russell, Bertrand 197, 198–9
Russell, Lord John
architecture 737
and Ashley 71
Chartism 123–8
civil unrest 118
civil weddings 519, 520
Corn Laws 38, 45, 89, 98, 100, 103, 107, 109, 272
education 416, 417
as Foreign Secretary 359, 446
Great Exhibition, the 292, 294, 299, 306, 308
Jews 254, 256, 260
and Layard 359
Liberals 110, 270
and Palmerston 98, 110
Poor Laws 694
and Prince Albert 128–31
reform 381–3, 389, 390, 393, 396
and Smiles 209
Rutland, Duke of 56, 57, 108, 260, 739
Salisbury, Bishop of 258, 410, 452
Salisbury, Marquess of 409, 416, 418, 503–4, 771, 805
as Cranborne 396–9, 403–4
Salomons, David 253–6, 262, 767
Salt, Titus 663–7
Saltaire 663–7
Salvation Army 148, 661, 662
Sandhurst 485, 486, 487, 787
Sandon, Lord 415, 559, 785–6, 788, 789, 790
sanitary reform 73, 76, 88, 190, 343, 404, 566, 647, 665, 668, 691, 695, 774, 775, 816
Savage, Eliza 237, 238, 239, 248
‘Say Not, the Struggle’ 192–3
Schiller, Friedrich 55, 227, 610
school boards 222, 439, 441–4, 783–6, 788, 790, 792
School of Mines 218, 222, 298, 318
schools xiv, 75, 415–17, 419, 425, 441, 580, 597, 614, 666, 677, 698, 816 see also curriculum, school; education; Privy Council, Education Committee; Ragged Schools
and Ashley/Shaftesbury 76–8
attendance 421, 437–8, 439, 784–8
certificate of attendance 75
compulsory attendance 415, 419, 768, 782–4, 787, 790–1
and Lambton 67–8
schools inspectors 17, 162, 163, 418, 425, 428–9, 432, 436, 593, 606, 713
Schools of Design 315–16
science 8–9, 16, 136, 190, 211–22, 286, 318, 321, 430, 433, 447, 452, 456–60, 650
Science and Art Department 324, 326, 328
Science Museum 321, 338
scientific naturalism 227
Scotland xii, 37, 71, 413, 447, 515, 519, 651, 785
Scott, Ann 540, 541
Scott, Colonel Henry 334, 335
Scott, George Gilbert 327, 332, 334–5, 347–55, 358–72, 692, 719, 730–2, 735–57, 786
Scott, Sir Walter 56, 351, 612, 619, 729
Scott Russell, John 291–3, 295, 297, 304, 313, 354
Scourfield, John 528, 785
screws 311, 710, 712
secret ballot xiii, 61, 117, 382, 404–11, 505
secularisation 8–9, 23, 135–6, 138, 204, 229, 234, 419, 424, 435, 436, 499, 505, 688
Secularism 146, 150, 153, 184, 197, 227, 232
self-flagellation/whipping 267–8
self-help 130
Self-Help, with Illustrations of Conduct and Perseverance 206–7
Servants’ Provident and Benevolent Society 128, 130
Seven Lamps of Architecture, The 237, 613, 714, 730, 734
Sewell, William 180, 181, 182, 184
sewers 691, 695, 696, 701–8, 712, 751, 780, 816
Seymour, Lord 696
Shaftesbury, Lord 80 see also Ashley, Lord
and Barnardo 655, 659
and Booth 663
child labour 778, 780–1, 796–7
and Graham 48
and Holloway 685
Jews 257–8
philanthropy 633, 647, 655, 663
public executions 630
Ragged Schools 415, 443, 639
secret ballot 407–8
Shairp, J. C. 164
Shrewsbury School 234, 446, 453, 457
Sibthorp, Colonel 107, 127, 301, 302, 317, 715, 719
Sidgwick, Henry 445, 451, 500, 547, 550–5, 623
Skeleton Army 662
slums 60, 648, 654, 693, 694, 712, 751, 752, 800, 802, 803
Smiles, Samuel 205–10, 678
Smirke, Sydney 347, 349, 350, 351, 764
Smith, Adam 89, 90, 413, 414, 615
Smith (later Clough), Blanche 162, 164, 167, 168
Smith, Julia 540
Smollett, Patrick 23, 535
Smythe, George 56, 57
Snow, John 701, 706
social class xii, 1, 15, 53, 633 see also aristocracy; gentry; middle class; upper class; working class
social control 431, 587
social work 668, 671, 676, 678
Socialism 64, 198, 223, 381
English 619
Society for the Improvement of the Condition of the Labouring Classes 75–6, 128, 647
Society of Arts 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 295, 338
Solly, Henry 670–1
South Kensington Museum 322, 326, 331
Spedding, Thomas Story 37, 52
St Paul’s 280, 300, 341, 730, 741
St Paul’s School 446, 453, 455, 730
stables 414, 648–9
Stanhope, Earl 260, 362, 367, 368
Stanley, Dean 458, 504
Stanley, Lady Augusta 547
Stanley, Lord Arthur Penrhyn
and Butler 249
and Clough 157–8, 160
on Dr Arnold 3, 6, 7, 9–13, 15, 20–2, 25, 207, 340
Foreign Secretary 391
Great Exhibition, the 292, 299
and Jowett 19
and Nightingale 164
and Stephen 229
and Vaughan 26, 29
State/Government, role of 56, 95, 126–7, 198, 203, 274, 467, 757, 765, 801, 805, 807
stations xiv, 335, 714–15, 719, 724, 751
Stephen, James Fitzjames see also Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
and Arnold 422, 426, 593, 595, 598, 604, 617
and Carlyle 377, 578
and Dr Arnold 11
the law 581, 766
and Mill 202–3, 231–2, 582–91, 620–1
religion 229–31
women 620–3
Stephen, Sir James 229, 415, 470, 471, 581
Stephenson, Robert 713, 719, 721
Stockmar, Baron 287, 302
Stones of Venice, The 612, 613, 617, 729, 732
Strachey, Lytton 2, 5, 8, 10, 12, 14–15, 20, 22–4, 153–4, 191, 815
Strangford, Lord 56, 57
Street, George Edmund 204, 329, 348, 753–64
str
eet lighting and pavements 712
street traders 648–9
Subjection of Women, The 567–8, 588, 620
suburbs xiv, 305, 324, 693, 697, 699, 714, 804
Sunday schools 148, 419
Sundays 150–1, 649, 794 see also church attendance
Surplus Scheme, the 319
‘sweetness and light’ 597–600, 602–3, 605, 607, 617, 664, 772, 813
Sybil 14, 57–8, 59, 60, 160, 270
Sylvester, D. W. 429
Symonds, Dr 28–9
Symonds, John Addington 27–9
Talfourd, Sergeant 510–11
Tallack, William 629–30
Tamworth Manifesto 97, 270
Taunton, Lord 367–8
Taunton Commission on middle-class schools 432, 433, 464, 544, 546
taxation xiv, 102, 274–6, 385, 413–16, 436, 527, 632, 768–9, 788 see also rates
Taylor, Helen 532, 545, 551, 567
teachers 417, 418, 419, 420–2, 423, 425, 428, 435, 546, 784
pupil-teacher scheme 418, 421, 429, 450
technical colleges 224
telegraph 127, 404, 713, 720, 816
temperance movement 655
Temperance Society 151, 639
Temple, Dr Frederick 226, 448, 475
ten-hours measure 65–6, 75, 664
Tennyson, Alfred 162, 167, 187, 191–2, 341, 342, 479, 813
Ternan, Ellen 646, 651, 652
Thackeray, W. M. 158, 415, 614, 616
Thames, the 261, 700–8, 761
Thesiger, Sir Frederic 254, 258, 301
Thirty-nine Articles 4, 5, 135, 139, 140, 152, 156, 157, 170, 180, 187, 499, 500
Time and Tide 377, 616, 617, 677
Tite, William 333, 349, 350, 351, 738, 739, 740
Tories 110
armed forces 192, 489, 496
Arnold on 50, 593, 596, 599
Corn Laws 47, 92, 104, 107
and Gladstone 47, 265–6, 274, 769
reform 50, 398–9, 401, 409–11
Toryism 13, 92, 270, 501, 619
tourism 313, 317, 705
Tractarianism 143, 149, 178, 179, 266, 268
Tracts for the Times 140–1, 142, 187, 188
trades unions 14, 116, 125, 189, 198, 200, 223, 386, 580, 605, 665
Trafalgar Square 346, 361, 363, 391, 392
transportation 34, 35, 116, 120, 631, 668
treason 35
Trevelyan, George 442, 471, 473–5, 481–4, 487–91
Trevelyan, Sir Charles 669, 672, 674, 736
Trilling, Lionel 594, 608
Trollope, Anthony 148, 270, 415, 476, 720, 808
Turner, William 612–14
typhoid 343, 694, 697
Unconscious Memory 242, 246, 247
unemployment 34, 39, 42, 126, 615, 633
Unitarians 14–15, 158
Universal League for the Material Elevation of the Industrious Classes 381
universal suffrage xiii, 117–18, 120, 123–4, 380–411, 505, 526, 567, 592 see also enfranchisement; household suffrage; Reform Acts; votes for women
universities xiv, 210–11, 221, 224, 413, 431, 445–8, 469, 499–503, 554, 816
