The Book of Love- The Story of the Kamasutra
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family version of Arabian Nights 142
Life of Burton 174
and Roman Catholicism 79, 95, 107, 120, 142
and travel to India 120–3
Burton, Richard Francis xiii, xiv, xvii, 65–102, 202
and Anthropological Society of London 80–3, 90
appearance 77, 107–9
biographies xv, 246–7
career
British Consul in Damascus 76–7, 105–6
British Consul in Santos (Brazil) 90–2, 105
British Consul in Trieste 105–7, 109–10, 118, 120, 123, 128–9, 142, 172–3
in Indian Army 65–75, 89
and intelligence work 66–7
friendships
and Arbuthnot 92–6, 110, 118–22, 145–6, 172–3
and Milnes 80, 85, 90, 92, 109, 118–19, 122, 143, 156
and Swinburne 68, 79, 89, 110, 184
health and illness 109–10, 121, 173
and Indian erotic tradition 71–5, 92–7, 120, 122
as linguist 65, 66–7, 72, 75, 77, 92, 109, 128
and Mrs Grundyism 140–1
private life
affairs with women 67, 69–71
and book collecting 72–3
and Cannibal Club 83, 88, 90, 122
clandestine marriage 79, 107
and homosexuality 67–9, 97, 184
impotence 121, 142
and sadism 86–7, 89–90, 108–9, 157
and recovery of Kamasutra 66, 75, 76–7, 100–1, 118–20
and sexual education 168–9
and sexual ignorance in marriage 160–1
translations
Ananga Ranga 95–100, 105, 130–2, 144, 169–70, 222
Arabian Nights xiv, 81, 89, 91, 128–30, 141–2, 144, 170–1, 184
Kamasutra 106–7, 123–4, 128–9, 132–3, 140, 142–4, 147–50, 155, 162–3, 174, 179–82, 193, 232–3
The Perfumed Garden of the Sheik
Nefzaoui 172–4, 186, 193, 220
travels
in India 71–2, 76
to Mecca 76–8, 120
Nile expedition 76, 78–80
return to India 120–3
writings
Goa and the Blue Mountains 71, 72
The Kasîdah of Hâjî Abdû El-Yezdi 137–8
A Mission to Gelele, King of Dahome 86
‘Past Loves’ 70
Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah and Mecca 76
Stone Talk 83
‘Terminal Essay’ 81, 92
Vikram and the Vampire 91, 130, 149
Cameron, Charles Duncan 90
Campbell, J. MacNabb 126
Cannibal Club
and Bradlaugh 146
and Burton 83, 88, 90
and Milnes 84, 88–90, 122
Carlile, Richard 163–4
Carpenter, Edward 184
Carracci, Agostino 220
Casada, James 68–9
Castleman, Michael 233
censorship 186–7
and Burton 81, 122, 141–2, 158, 169
Chakladar, Haran Chandra 7, 200–1
Chandra, Moti 201
Chandragupta II ‘Vikramaditya’ 8
Chesser, Eustace 221
Chopra, Deepak 214–15
Christianity, and Hinduism 82–3
cities, of 3rd-century India 9–11
civilization, and sex xviii, 193, 197, 235
Clements, Robert J. 194
clitoris, awareness of xvii, 52, 162, 215
Codrington, Oliver 126
Colebrooke, H.T. 73–4, 111, 113, 115
Comfort, Alex xiv, 170, 195
and The Joy of Sex 196–7, 250–1
Comstock Act 186
conception, and orgasm 160, 167
conduct books xi, xiii, 27
Corsellis, Col. 67–8
courtesans (ganikas) 10, 13, 15–17, 19, 61, 217
theatrical role 39
Crasta, Richard 226–7
creativity, and kama 3–4
cunnilingus 216
Cunningham, Alexander 96
Customs Consolidation Act 1876 146
Daji, Bhau 112, 116–17
dance, and sex 39–40, 48–9, 61, 71
Dane, Lance 224
Daniélou, Alain xviii, 203–10, 244, 250
Dattaka 19, 20–1, 24
Dennett, Mary Ware 187–8
devadasis (temple-dancer prostitutes) 61, 71, 80
dharma
definition 23–4
and kama 26, 29, 199
Doniger, Wendy xv, 22, 232–4, 239, 240, 241, 245–6
Drujon, Fernand 151
Drysdale, George 164–5
Dubois, Jean-Antoine 114
Duncan, J. Matthews 160–1
Durgaprasad, Pandit 181–2, 199
Dutton, E.P. 191
East India Company 73, 120–1
Eden, George 61
editions of the Kamasutra
1883 Kama Sutra xv, 106, 123, 132, 184, 187, 202–3, 209, 215, 225, 232–3, 239
Burton’s footnotes 19, 129, 132, 149
publication/first printing xv–xvi, 137, 140, 143–4, 147–58, 179
second printing 154–6, 180
of Archer 192–5
Bengali 199
of Daniélou 203–10, 250
of Doniger and Kakar xv, 22, 232–4, 239
Hindi–Sanskrit 199–200
illustrated xi, 20, 58–60, 189, 214, 223–5
metrical version 57
popular xi–xii, 213–4, 250–1
pirated xiv, 133, 180–1, 186, 204
Sanskrit 181–3, 199
of Schmidt 183–4, 189, 199
of Upadhyaya 201–2, 223–4
education, sexual 14, 158–9, 161–2, 164, 167–9, 187, 204–5
The Elements of Social Science 164–5, 167
Elliott, Henry 77
Ellis, Havelock 149, 184–5, 186, 201, 224
Every Woman’s Book 163, 167
fellatio 209, 216
Fellowship of the New Life 184, 185
Fitzgerald, Edward, The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam 137, 170–1, 232–3
flagellation 87, 88–90, 94, 99, 151
flirtations 28
Forberg, Friedrich-Karl 219
Foucault, Michel 250
Freely, Maureen 233
Gaball, James Henry 99, 148–9
Gambers, H. S. 201
Gandhi, Mohandas K. 199, 201
ganikas (courtesans) 10, 13, 15–16, 19, 61
Gentry, Curt 193
Ghotakamukha 19, 63
Gitagovinda 48–9, 62, 198, 244
Golden Book of Love 220
Golden Fountain Press 189–90
Gonardiya 103
Goncourt, Edmond and Jules de 85–87
Gonikaputra 19
Gulistan 144
Gupta dynasty 7, 8, 35, 58
Haldeman-Julius, Emanuel 187
Hamilton 222
Hand, Augustus 186–7
Hankey, Frederick 85–7, 89–90, 94, 128, 180, 220
Instruction Libertine 99, 156
Harappa, discovery 96–7
Harris, Frank 108
A Hindu Book of Love 187
Hinduism
and asceticism and sensuality 4–6, 44–9, 166, 194, 197–9, 231
and Christianity 82–3
creation myth 3–4
and homosexuality 207–8
and Islam 55
and religious significance of lingam 45, 72, 130
see also trivarga
Hirsch, Charles 148
Hodgson, Studholme 89–90, 94
homosexuality
and Burton 67–9, 97, 184
and Daniélou 206–10
and Kamasutra 15, 200, 207–10, 213, 251
Hooper, Anne 214
The Horn Book: A Girl’s Guide to Good and Evil 220
Houghton, Lord see Milnes, Richard Monckton
Hunt, Jam
es 80
Index Librorum Prohibitorum xvi, 99–100, 148, 152–3
India
3rd-century 8–11, 35–6
and British Raj 69, 110–13, 121, 192, 198
conflicting modern attitudes to sex xii, 44, 226–31, 251–2
erotic tradition xiii, 17–19, 35–62, 71–2, 115, 181–5, 189, 195, 197–200, 221, 224–5, 230, 241, 243
and homosexuality 207–10, 251
and Islam 55, 92, 198, 209–10
pre-Classical 96–7
traditional scholarship 110, 112, 126, 199
Indian Penal Code 198, 229
Indraji, Bhagvanlal xvi, 149, 193, 224, 232–3, 247
and Arbuthnot 117–18, 122, 127
and Bühler 115–17, 124–6, 181
and Indian palaeography 126–7
and translation of Kamasutra 123–5, 127, 128, 133, 181–3
intercourse, in painting 60
Irwin, Robert 129
Islam
and Burton 76–78, 145
and India 55, 57–9, 92, 144, 230
and sex 198, 209–10
Iyengar, K. Rangaswami 199, 200
Jacobi, Hermann 114–15
Jayadeva, Gitagovinda 48–9, 62, 198, 244
Jayamangala 7–8, 53–5, 118, 122–3, 181, 205
Jones, Sir William 61–2, 73, 110
The Joy of Sex (manual) 196–7, 250–1
Kakar, Sudhir xv, 22, 231–2, 241, 251, 252
Kalidasa 198
Raghuvamsa 41
The Recognition of Shakuntala 11, 42–3, 73, 242
Kalyanamalla, Ananga Ranga 55–7, 92, 94–101, 105, 114, 131–2, 139, 169–70
kama
and Buddhism 5
as life-goal 23–4, 28–9, 44–5
medieval manuals xvii, 49–57
as pleasure 22, 54
preservation of teaching 19–22
as primal desire 3–4
in Sanskrit drama 36
as sex 22–4, 54
Kama, son of Brahma 4–5, 51, 55
Kama Shastra (1873 printing) see Ananga Ranga
Kama Shastra Society 122–3, 143–9, 155, 169–70, 172–4, 179, 193
kama shastra 52–7, 60–1, 72, 92, 100, 114, 118–20, 167, 198, 243
kama-kalas (ways to make love) 14
Kamasutra
author see Vatsyayana
books
Aphrodisiacs 19, 21, 211
Courtesans 15, 20, 177, 216–17
General Observations 11–14
Other Men’s Wives 15, 25–6, 135, 198
Sex 14, 20, 30, 33
Virgins 15
Wives 15, 20, 63–4, 103, 216–17
commentaries on 7–8, 53–4, 57, 118, 122–3, 205, 228
commodification 174–5, 213–35
date 5, 7–8, 38
English translations xv, xvii, 100, 106–7, 123–30, 132–3, 137, 174, 179–80, 181, 199, 239
as exotic sexual compendium xiv, 153, 194
genealogy 17–19, 24, 37–8
and homosexuality 15, 200, 207–10, 213, 251
and illustration xi, 20, 58–60, 189, 214, 223–5
influence on Sanskrit literature 38–44, 55–8
and medieval literature xvii, 49–56, 223
in modern India 227–31
and nagarakas 11–14, 24, 28, 39, 202
neglect 57–8, 61
pronunciation of word 237
rediscovery xiii, 66, 73–7, 100–2, 114–15, 118–20, 122, 181
as religious tract 204–6
as repository of erotic wisdom xiv, 153, 194
reviews and reactions 151–5, 194
structure 22, 27
style 20–1, 28, 53–4, 129, 154
success 35
and trivarga 23–4
in the West xiii–xiv, xvi–xviii, 73–5, 100–2, 106–7, 174–5, 181–95, 202–3, 210, 213–27
and women xiii, 15, 26, 51, 169, 185, 215–18, 226, 233
see also editions
KamaSutra condom 229–230
Kapoor, Indira 228
Kautilya, Arthashastra 26–8
Kennedy, Dane xv, 246
Khajuraho, temple complex 46–7
Khanna, Girija 231
Kimber, William 191–2
Knight, Joseph 152
Knowlton, Charles 146, 163
Kokkoka, Ratirahasya 51–3, 114, 195–6
Krishna, love-dance see rasa-lila
Kucumara 19
kula prakriya rite 45
Kumbha, King 48
Kundalini serpent 44, 47
lady-boys 15
Lalitavistara 12–13
Lamairesse, Pierre Eugène 204
Lawrence, D. H., Lady Chatterley’s Lover xvii, 188, 190
Laws of Manu 24–5, 28, 72, 115, 198, 207, 240
libertarianism, sexual xviii, 147, 155, 164
libertines (type of man) 10, 13
lingams 45, 72, 129–30, 204
Liseux, Isidore 172, 180–1
Little Blue Book series 187
The Little Clay Cart (Sanskrit play) 10, 41
Lodi dynasty 55
love bites 39, 41, 52, 191, 217, 296
Love in a Dead Language (novel) 127, 227, 252
love marks 39, 41, 43, 52, 156–7, 217–18
Lovell, Mary S. xv, 246
Macaulay, Thomas Babington 111
McLynn, Frank 142
McQueen, Norman 193
Madhavacharya, Pandit 199–200, 208
Magha, Sisupalavadha 43
magic, and Tantrism 50–1
Mahabharata 4, 17, 114, 239–40, 241
Malayavati, Queen 7
Mallanaga see Vatsyayana (Mallanaga)
Manavadharmashastra see Laws of Manu mantras 44
Manu see Laws of Manu
manuals, sex xi, 49–57, 162, 185, 188, 194–197, 210, 214–15, 221, 226
manuscripts
illuminated 57, 58–9
palm-leaf 20, 59
Markun, Leo 187
marriage, and sexual ignorance 158–62, 228
marriage manuals 162, 194, 195
see also manuals, sex
Martial (Marcus Valerius Martialis) 218
Martin, H. Newell 161
massage 15, 16, 207, 214
masseurs 15, 207
meditation, and distraction of kama 4–5, 6
Milnes, Richard Monckton and Arbuthnot 94
and Burton 80, 85, 90, 92, 109, 118–19, 122, 143, 156
and Cannibal Club 84, 88–90, 122
biography 249
collection of erotica 84–5, 118–19, 153, 180, 220
and Kamasutra 118, 155–6
Palm Leaves 84–5
The Rodiad 87
and sadism 86–7, 88–9
and Swinburne 85, 87–9
miniature paintings, erotic xi, 57, 59, 202, 224
moaning 30
monogamy 25
Moraes, Dom 222
Morley, John 87
Mrs Grundyism 140–1, 164, 171
Mughal dynasty 55, 59, 197–8
Müller, F. Max 144–5, 182–3
My Secret Life 99, 156, 162
Mylius, Klaus 202–3
nagarakas (citizens) 10–11, 25
and art 58
and erotic techniques 14, 169
and homosexuality 207–9
and Kamasutra 11–17, 24, 28, 39, 202
and sex for sex’s sake 26
and theatre 38, 41
and women 15–16
Nair, Mira xii, 230–1
Nandi, and original Kamasutra 17
Napier, Sir Charles 67
National Secular Society 83, 146
Natyashastra 21, 36–41, 48–9, 57, 58, 242
nautch girls 61, 71, 80
nayaka/nayika (male/female protagonists)
in Ananga Ranga 57
in Natyashastra 38, 41, 57
and Rajput art 59–60
Nehru, Jawaha
rlal 199, 209
Nicholson, E.W.B. 182
Nietzsche, Friedrich 24–5
Obscene Publications Act 1857 146–7, 152, 190
Oldenberg, Hermann 124–5
Olympia Press 190
orgasm 43, 96, 166–7
and conception 160, 167
kama as 23
in Kamasutra 43, 54, 215, 217–18, 234
in Tantrism 44
Oriental Translation Fund 183
Orientalism 111, 128, 141, 144–5, 177, 205
Ovid (Publius Ovidius Naso), Ars
Amatoria 97, 106, 179, 218–19
Owen, Robert Dale 163
Padamsee, Alyque 229–30
Padmasri, Nagarasarvasva 49–50, 53
painting, Persian 58–9
see also miniature paintings, erotic
Pataliputra (Patna), and origins of
Kamasutra 7–8, 19
Patanjali
Mahabhasya 21
Yoga-sutras 44
Paterson, James 193
patriarchy, Western xiv, 111, 197, 204
Payne, John 132, 143
translation of Arabian Nights 128, 141, 147–8
The Pearl (pornographic magazine) 87
perfume, importance 12–13, 36
permissiveness 29–30, 157–8, 227, 231
Peterson, Peter 113, 181–2
Pieruccini, Cinzia 203
Pilpay, folk fables 72
pleasure
and adultery 26
defence of 6, 28–9, 234
importance 1, 37
and sensuality 22, 44, 54, 158, 160–3, 165–7, 186
for women xiii, 26, 160–2, 167–9, 185, 215–18, 226
poetry, Sanskrit 41–4, 46, 48–9, 243
politics, and sex 88, 186, 226
pornography
and Ashbee 99, 154
attacks on 146
and Kamasutra xvi, 150–1, 154–6, 174–5, 180–1, 186, 189–90, 234
and Milnes 85–7
and private printing 87, 99, 148–9
and ragamalas 59–60
and sexual positions 220
in USA 188
portraiture, erotic 61
positions, sexual 92, 196–7, 206
in Ananga Ranga 131–2
in Kamasutra xiv, 14, 39–40, 147, 218, 221–3, 225–6
in Natyashastra 38
in Western traditions 196–7, 218–23, 225
postures see positions, sexual
posture books 61
Potter, Sarah 89–90, 94
Praudhapriya 57
Price, James Russell 161
printing, private 87, 99, 148–9, 179
procreation, and sex 22–3, 25, 147, 198, 200
prostitutes 15–16, 217
dancers (devadasis) 39, 61, 71, 80
in theatre 37, 39
punarbhu (widow) 15
Quaritch, Bernard 150, 152, 170
quarrelling 40–1, 217–18
ragamalas (garlands of ragas) 59–60
Rajputs, and erotic art 59–60