Richard III and the Princes in the Tower
Page 35
Etaples, Treaty of, 1492 236
Eton College Chapel 18, 167
Ewelme, Oxon 231
Exeter, Devon 185, 188, 238
Fabyan, Robert 6–7, 11, 21, 28, 105, 139, 169, 183
Ferdinand V, King of Aragon 42, 132, 167, 229, 239, 240, 246
FitzJames, Richard, Bishop of London 11, 107, 137
Fleetwood’s Chronicle 25
Forrest, Miles 140, 142, 158–60
Forester, John 104, 107
Fotheringhay Castle, Northants 15, 28, 29, 161
Fox, Richard, later Bishop of Winchester 182, 244
Francis II, Duke of Brittany 154, 185, 199
Frome, Somerset 44
Fuller, Thomas 229
Fulman, W. 5
Gainsborough, Lines 185
de Genville family 15
George, Duke of Clarence (see Plantagenet, George)
George V, King of Great Britain 255
George of York (see Plantagenet, George)
Giglis, John de 168
Gigs, Margaret 174
Giles, John 68
Gipping, Suffolk 150, 176
Gloucester, City of 142, 147–9
Gloucester, Dukes of (see Thomas of Woodstock; Humphrey of Lancaster; Richard III)
Gloucester, Earls of 234
Gould, John 24, 26
Gower, Sir Thomas 79
Grafton, Northants 20–1
Grafton, Richard 11, 20, 115, 160–1
Gravesend, Kent 186
Great Chronicle of London, The 7, 11, 28, 31, 49, 105–7, 111–12, 136, 159, 198, 210, 216–18
Green, John 147–8, 150, 156–7, 160
Greenwich Palace, Kent 37, 52, 137
Gregory, John 147
Grey Friars’ Church, Leicester 217
Grey, Sir John, of Groby 20
Grey, Sir Richard 20, 40, 48, 53, 58, 77–81, 85–6, 91–2, 102, 105, 121–3, 164, 194, 212
Grey, Thomas, Marquess of Dorset 20, 22, 48, 50, 53–5, 58, 61, 64–6, 72–5, 80, 83, 92, 108, 113, 185, 187–9, 196, 205, 228, 233
Grey de Wilton, Lord 251
Guildford, Sir Edward 173–5
Guildford, Sir Henry 174
Guildford, Jane, Duchess of Northumberland 173
Guildford, Sir Richard 173–4
Guildhall, London 7, 91, 121–2
Guisnes Castle, France 160, 243–5
Gurney, Giles (see Wigmore, Edward de)
Hall, Edward 11, 83, 103, 110, 152, 160–1, 183, 206–7, 211, 218, 249
Hammond, Norman 257
Hardying, John 11, 160
Harfleur, France 214
Harleian MS. 433 126, 137, 173
Harpsfield, Nicholas 174
Harrington, Robert 104
Harrison, Professor R. G. 256
Haryngton, Sir John 10
Hastings, Edward 142
Hastings Hours, The 99
Hastings, William, Lord 26, 53–5, 58, 61–2, 64–7, 69–70, 72–3, 76, 82, 84–5, 88, 90, 93–109, 113, 115–16, 122–3, 126, 133, 142, 160, 165, 171, 179, 183
Haute family 185
Haute, Sir Richard 40, 75, 79, 80–1, 86, 91, 102, 121–3, 164
Haute, Sir William 20
Hawes, Stephen 31
Hearne, Thomas 254
Henry II, King of England 15, 19, 154
Henry IV, King of England (Henry of Bolingbroke) 14–15, 125
Henry V, King of England 14–15, 19–20, 67, 71, 153
Henry VI, King of England 3, 14–17, 19–21, 24–5, 27–8, 30, 47, 62, 65, 68, 71, 74, 102, 125, 139, 153, 161, 165, 181
Henry VII, King of England (formerly Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond) 3–11, 16, 59, 152–5, 164, 167–8, 170, 173–4, 180–2, 184–90, 194, 196, 198–9, 202–4, 206, 209–10, 212–17, 219–51
Henry VIII, King of England 7, 9, 51, 212, 222, 224, 229, 235, 237, 243, 245–6, 249–51
Herbert, Maud 206
Herbert, William, Earl of Huntingdon 251
Herbert, William, Lord 153
Hinxworth Church, Herts 108
Holbein, Ambrosius 174
Holbein the Younger, Hans 175
Holinshed, Raphael 11, 249
Hornsey Park, Herts 87
Howard family 12, 46, 103
Howard, John, Lord, later 1st Duke of Norfolk 52, 94–6, 99, 102–3, 106, 110–11, 123, 133, 135, 137, 141, 143, 173, 186, 189, 207–9, 216
Howard, Thomas, 3rd Duke of Norfolk 9–11, 103
Howard, Thomas, Earl of Arundel 12, 208
Howard, Sir Thomas, later Earl of Surrey and afterwards 2nd Duke of Norfolk 102–4, 110, 137, 216
Humphrey of Lancaster, Duke of Gloucester 65, 71, 90, 165
Ightham Mote, Kent 20, 185
Isabella, Infanta of Spain 42
Isabella of Portugal 43
Isabella, Queen of Castile 42, 154, 167, 229, 240
Jacquetta of Luxembourg, Duchess of Bedford 20–2, 25, 38, 124
James I, King of Great Britain 12, 208, 251
James III, King of Scotland 53
James IV, King of Scotland 237
Jenkins, Elizabeth 257
Jesus College, Cambridge 40
John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster 14–15, 43, 62, 153, 154
John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford 20
John of Gloucester, or of Pontefract 31, 173, 220
Johnson, Mr 251
Juan, Infante of Spain 42
Juana of Portugal 213
Katherine, natural daughter of Richard III 31
Katherine of Aragon, Queen of England 208, 229, 235, 239, 246
Katherine of Valois, Queen of England 153
Katherine of York (see Plantagenet, Katherine)
Kendal, John 134, 155
Kendall, Paul Murray 256
Kincaid, A. N. 12, 209
King, Oliver 104
King’s College, Cambridge 18, 133
Kingsford, C. L. 6
King’s Lynn, Norfolk 69
Kraus, Professor Bertram S. 256
Krogman, Dr W. M. 256–7
Lambert, John 54
Lambeth Palace, London 59, 131
Lancaster, House of 14–16, 20, 56, 67, 153–4, 180
Landais, Pierre 199
Langton, Thomas, Bishop of St David’s and Salisbury 130, 155–6
Lee, Edward 70
Lee, Joyeuce 170
Leicester Cathedral 217
Leicester, City of 155, 187, 214, 217
Leigh, Joyeuce (see Lee)
Leland, John 235
Leslau, Jack 172–6
Lewis, Dr 181–2
Lewis, Dr Arthur 256
Lichfield, Staffs 214
Liège Cathedral 235
Lincoln, City of 186
Lind, Mrs F. M. 257
Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence 14–15
Little Malvern Priory, Worcs 59
Lluyd, Humphrey 103, 105
Llywd, Dafydd 167, 218
Lockey, Rowland 175
London Chronicles, The 6–7, 116, 169, 182
London, Bishop of (see FitzJames, Richard)
London, City of 17–18
Louix XI, King of France 19, 24, 26–7, 42, 45, 60–1, 129, 132, 168–9
Lovell, Francis, Viscount 29, 134, 142–3, 216, 231, 234
Lovell, Sir Thomas 11
Lucy, Elizabeth 19, 224
Ludlow Castle, Salop 15, 39–41, 58, 63, 69, 75
Lyne-Pirkis, Dr Richard 256, 258
Lynn, Norfolk (see King’s Lynn)
Lynom, Thomas 107
Magdalen College, Oxford 142–3
Magna Carta 105
Maidstone, Kent 20, 185
Majerres, Flemish chronicler 34
Mancini, Dominic xiv, 2–4, 8–9, 17, 19, 22–3, 30, 40, 45, 48, 49, 51, 53–7, 59–61, 63–6, 68–71, 73–83, 87, 89–93, 95, 97–9, 101–17, 123, 125–7, 129–30, 135–7, 139–40, 142, 166, 169, 184, 191–2
Marche, Olivier de la 49
Margaret of An
jou, Queen of England 14–17, 19–20, 24–7, 45, 134
Margaret of Austria 60
Margaret of Clarence (see Plantagenet, Margaret)
Margaret of York (see Plantagenet, Margaret)
Margaret of York, Duchess of Burgundy (see Plantagenet, Margaret)
Markham, Sir Clements 173
Marshal family 15
Mary, Duchess of Burgundy 43, 60
Mary of York (see Plantagenet, Mary)
Mary I, Queen of England 250
Maximilian, Duke of Burgundy, Archduke of Austria, later Holy Roman Emperor 43, 60, 236–7, 241, 244
Meno, Pregent 242
Middleham Castle, Yorks 29, 34–5, 50, 56, 66, 69, 71, 85, 97, 133, 151, 155, 168, 185, 197, 200
Middleton, Norfolk 69
Milan, Duke of 42
Milford Haven, Wales 214
Millyng, Thomas, Abbot of Westminster 24–6
Minoresses’ Convent, Aldgate 170, 245
Minoresses’ Convent, Stepney 52
Minster Lovell, Oxon 143–4, 148, 231, 234
Mistlebrook, William 62
Molinet, Jean 49, 59, 82, 108, 149, 159, 171, 205, 251
Molleson, Dr Theya 257
Monstrelet, Enguerrand de 20
Montgomery, Anne 170
Montgomery, Thomas 170
More, Lady Alice 174
More, Sir John 9–10, 62, 121
More, Sir Thomas 2–4, 7–12, 18, 21, 28–9, 32–3, 41, 50, 54–5, 62, 66, 69–70, 76–82, 84–5, 90, 94–5, 99, 101–5, 110, 114, 116, 121, 123, 128–9, 135, 140, 142, 147–52, 156–61, 169–71, 174–5, 178–9, 198, 211, 218, 223–4, 245–9, 252, 255–6, 258
Morley, Lord 173
Mortimer, Anne 15
Mortimer, Edmund 14–15
Mortimer family 15
Morton, John, Bishop of Ely, later Cardinal Archbishop of Canterbury 10, 64, 88, 97, 99, 101–4, 106–7, 149, 151–2, 172, 179–80, 182, 187–9, 199, 220, 228
Mote, The, Kent 20, 185
Mowbray, Anne, Duchess of Norfolk and York 46, 52, 135, 257–8
Mowbray, Elizabeth, Duchess of Norfolk (see Talbot, Elizabeth)
Mowbray, John, 4th Duke of Norfolk 46
Moyle, Sir Thomas 176–7
Musgrove Dr J. H. 257–8
Myers, Professor A. R. 256
Nancy, Battle of, 1477 43
Nanfan, Sir Richard 244
National Portrait Gallery, London 32
Nesfield, John 145, 196
Neve, William 23
Neville, Anne, Queen of England 5, 23–4, 29, 33–5, 54, 56, 97, 113, 130–1, 133, 136–7, 142, 150, 155, 168, 185, 196–7, 200–12
Neville, Cecily, Duchess of York 15, 22, 24–5, 28–9, 35, 49–50, 117, 122, 126, 137
Neville, family 5, 24, 34–5, 43
Neville, George, Archbishop of York 34
Neville, Isabella, Duchess of Clarence 23–4, 29, 33, 42–5, 49
Neville, Katherine, Lady Hastings 54, 142
Neville, Lord 102
Neville, Ralph, 1st Earl of Westmorland 15
Neville, Richard, Earl of Salisbury 16–17
Neville, Richard, Earl of Warwick, ‘the Kingmaker’ 16, 19, 22–5, 29–30, 33–5, 44, 49, 61, 68, 117
Norfolk, Dowager Duchess of 22
Norfolk, Duchess of (see Talbot, Elizabeth)
Norfolk, Dukes of (see Mowbray, John; Howard, John; Plantagenet, Richard)
Northampton 76–9, 81, 85
Northampton, Battle of, 1460 67
Northumberland, Earl of (see Percy, Henry)
Nostell Priory, Wakefield, Yorks 175
Nottingham 72, 75–6, 155
Nottingham Castle 133, 196–7, 214
Osbeck (see Warbeck)
Oxford, City of 142, 231
Oxford, Earl of (see de Vere, John)
Oxford, University of 107, 133
Parron, William 168
Pasche, William 133
Paston Letters, The 2, 35
Pavia, Battle of, 1525 244
Payntour, John 31
Peck, F. 176
Pembroke Castle, Wales 153
Percy, Henry, Earl of Northumberland 94, 102, 108, 122–3, 133, 157, 186, 189, 215–16
Percy, Sir Robert 134
Persivall, Humphrey 72, 75
Philip of Hapsburg, Duke of Burgundy 60
Pilkington, Charles 104
Pimpe, Anne 173
Pimpe, John 173
Plantagenet, Anne, daughter of Edward IV 41, 206
Plantagenet, Anne, sister of Edward IV and Richard III 185
Plantagenet, Bridget, daughter of Edward IV 41, 206
Plantagenet, Cecily, daughter of Edward IV, later Viscountess Welles 23, 53, 206
Plantagenet dynasty 14, 217, 222
Plantagenet, Edmund, Earl of Rutland 17, 29, 161
Plantagenet, Edward, Earl of Warwick 42, 47, 50, 113, 114, 125, 150, 185, 199–200, 219–220, 222, 231–4, 236, 238–9, 246–7, 250
Plantagenet, Elizabeth, Duchess of Suffolk 137, 243
Plantagenet, Elizabeth, Queen of England (see Elizabeth of York)
Plantagenet, Geoffrey, Count of Anjou 15
Plantagenet, George, Duke of Clarence 22–6, 29–31, 33–6, 39, 42–51, 54, 68–9, 74, 83, 113–14, 117, 121–2, 125, 153, 159, 165, 200, 233, 236, 250
Plantagenet, George, son of Edward IV 41
Plantagenet, Katherine, daughter of Edward IV, later Countess of Devon 41, 206, 244
Plantagenet, Margaret, Countess of Salisbury 42, 49–50, 200, 250–1
Plantagenet, Margaret, daughter of Edward IV 41
Plantagenet, Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy 23, 226, 232, 234–6, 241–2
Plantagenet, Mary, daughter of Edward IV 23, 52–3
Plantagenet, Richard, Duke of Gloucester (see Richard III) Plantagenet, Richard, Duke of York (d.1460) 15–17, 28–9, 31, 53, 116, 117, 125, 161
Plantagenet, Richard, Duke of York (d.1483) 41, 46, 52, 59, 64, 83, 94, 109–14, 114, 135, 140–1, 170–1, 174–5, 177–8, 232, 236, 239–42 (see also under ‘Princes in the Tower, The’)
Plantagenet, Richard, of Eastwell, Kent 31, 176–7
Plantagenet, Richard, son of Clarence 42
Plymouth, Devon 188
Pole, Henry, Lord Montagu 250
Pole, Henry, son of Montagu 250–1
Pole, Margaret, Countess of Salisbury (see Plantagenet, Margaret)
Pole, Reginald, Cardinal 250
de la Pole, Edmund, Earl of Suffolk, 244, 247
de la Pole, John, Duke of Suffolk 137, 243
de la Pole, John, Earl of Lincoln 69, 137, 142, 173, 200, 222, 231–2, 234–5, 243
de la Pole, Richard 244
de la Pole, William 244
Pontefract Castle, Yorks 85, 108, 121–3, 155
Poppelau, Nicholas von 31–2, 129
Portugal, King of 154
Potter, Jeremy 173
Pottyer, Richard 62
Poynings, Sir Edward 237–8
Princes in the Tower, The: declared bastards 124–7; moved to secure apartments in Tower 111–12, 114, 139–42, 172; cease to appear 112, 138–40; attendants in Tower 140, 142; potential focus for rebellion 142–3, 162, 164, 172, 184; murder of xiv, 95, 149, 157–9, 191, 205, 218, 243–7, 252; date of murder 135, 139, 149, 157, 171; burial 159; alleged reburial 160–1; believed murdered 139, 144, 162, 166, 183, 184, 191–2, 198–9, 225–6, 227–8; controversy and speculation over their fate 163–78, 226–7, 231, 235–6; chroniclers’ views on 1–13; search for bodies of 225–6, 247, 249; bones, not theirs, found in Tower 251; bones, probably theirs, found in Tower 113, 252–4; bones buried in Westminster Abbey 254; bones examined 255–8; also mentioned xiii, 1, 9, 11, 58, 163, 190, 193, 195, 204, 216, 225, 233, 251 (see also under Edward V, King of England and Plantagenet, Richard, Duke of York and Norfolk)
Queen’s College, Cambridge 23
Rae, Dr John 61
Raleigh, Sir Walter 251
Rastell, John 159–60, 225
Rastell, William 11
Ratcliffe, Sir Richard 78, 102, 108, 122–3, 151, 156, 211–12, 216
Rawcliffe, Carol 179
Reading Abbey, Berks 19
Reading, Berks 142
Redmore Plain, Leics 214–15
Rennes Cathedral, Brittany 190
Richard, Duke of York (see Plantagenet, Richard)
Richard II, King of England 14–15, 89, 139, 165
Richard III, King of England (formerly Richard Plantagenet, Duke of Gloucester): birth 28–9; childhood 29; created Duke of Gloucester 29; honours and appointments 29, 48, 56; possible involvement in death of Edward of Lancaster 26, 30; involved in murder of Henry VI 27–8, 30; character 30, 128–33, 165, 218; military career 30, 55–6, 90; bastards 31, 130, 173, 177, 200, 220, 241–2; appearance 3, 31–3, 116; alleged deformities 31–3, 104, 171; negotiates to marry Anne Neville 24, 33–4; relations with Clarence 33–4, 43; marries Anne Neville 34; relations with Anne Neville 34–5; northern affiliations 2, 93; inherits Warwick’s lands 33–6, 43; swears allegiance to future Edward V 39; involvement in Clarence’s downfall 48; reaction to Clarence’s death 50–1; relations with and attitude to the Wydvilles 51, 55, 58, 62, 66; relations with Hastings 54, 66; loyalty to Edward IV 55, 90, 128–9, 218; Lord of the North 55–7, 58; relations with City of York 56–7, 155, 216; named Protector of the Realm by Edward IV 63, 71; protectorship opposed by the Wydvilles 64–5, 70, 73, 74–5; informed of Edward IV’s death 66, 69; fear of Wydvilles 69–70; plans coup against the Wydvilles with Buckingham 70–2, 75–7; plots to usurp throne 70, 78, 82, 84, 91–3, 95–9, 101–2, 105–7, 111–27; professes loyalty to Edward V 71, 79–82, 85, 88, 90, 134, 171; mourns Edward IV 71; powers as protector limited by Council 74–5, 78; effects coup against Wydvilles 78–9, 84–8; gains contol of Edward V 79–82; moral propaganda of 79, 106, 130; seeks popularity and goodwill of people 82, 102, 143, 156, 189–90, 193; enters London with Edward V 87–8; proclaimed Protector of the Realm 89–90; as Protector 94–127; plans and accomplishes elimination of the Wydvilles and other opponents 91–3, 102, 106, 111; moves against Hastings 97–8, 100–7; plots for and gains control of York 98, 109–11, 171–2; imprisons Princes in Tower 111–13; contemplates and plots death of Princes 113, 147–52, 156–8, 171–2; title to throne 124–6; usurpation of throne 126–8, 133, 192, 224; accession ceremonies 128; piety 130–2; books owned by 131, 133; court of 132–3; architectural interests and works 133; interest in chivalry and heraldry 133; interest in music 133; patron of scholars 123; unpopularity 128, 133, 136, 143, 198–9, 211; dependence on magnates 133–6, 140, 143, 186, 189; coronation 136–7; progress 138, 142–3, 147–51, 155–7, 185, 189; alienates Buckingham 148, 151, 180; as king 155–6, 192–3, 220; promotion of northerners 134, 140–1, 214; conspiracies against him, 1483 11, 143–7, 149, 155, 170–90; guilty of murder of Princes: arguments for and against 163–78, 184, 197–8, 225–8, 246, 258; rewards Princes’ murderers 160; allegedly orders reburial of Princes 160–1; spreads rumours of Princes’ deaths 161–2; perhaps informs Buckingham of Princes’ murder 179; effect of murder of Princes on his security and reputation 183–7, 191, 193, 198–9, 217–18, 227, 247; insecure as king 189–90, 199, 205, 211; only Parliament of 192–3; compels Elizabeth Wydville to release her daughters from sanctuary 194–6, 232; grief over son’s death 197–8; chooses successor 200–1, 222; establishes Council of the North 200; plans to marry Elizabeth of York 202–13, 223; callous treatment of Anne Neville 206–7; possible involvement in death of Anne Neville 5, 210–11; conspiracy to overthrow him, 1485 7, 11, 213–14; takes up arms against Henry Tudor 214–15; killed at Battle of Bosworth 215–16; treatment of corpse 216–17; burial and tomb 217; posthumously attainted 224–5; chroniclers’ views on 1–13, 217–18, 249; controversy about xiii, 1–13; revisionist view of xiv, 11–12; also mentioned 2, 3, 22, 24, 29, 62, 85, 91, 142, 144, 173, 196–7, 200–1, 219, 229, 232, 236, 240, 243, 244, 252, 257–8