The Philadelphia Campaign

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by Thomas J McGuire


  James, Arthur E. Chester County Clocks and Their Makers. Exton, PA: Schiffler Publishing Co., 1947.

  Katcher, Philip. Uniforms of the Continental Army. York, PA: George Shumway Publisher, 1981.

  Kemble, Stephen. Journals of Lieut.-Col. Stephen Kemble, 1773–1789.…New introduction and preface by George A. Billias. New York: New York Historical Society, 1883. Reprint. Boston: Gregg Press, 1972.

  Ketchum, Richard. “New War Letters of Banastre Tarleton.” Narratives of the Revolution in New York. New York: New York Historical Society, 1976.

  Kirkwood, Robert. The Journal and Order Book of Captain Robert Kirkwood of the Delaware Regiment of the Continental Line. Edited by Joseph Brown Turner. Wilmington: Historical Society of Delaware, 1910. Manuscript copy at Historical Society of Delaware.

  Lafayette, Le Marquis de. Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790. 5 vols. Edited by Stanley Idzerda, Robert R. Crout, Linda J. Pike, and Mary Ann Quinn. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1977.

  Lee, Henry. Memoirs of the War in the Southern Department of the United States. New York: University Publishing Company, 1869.

  Lefkowitz, Arthur. George Washington's Indispensable Men. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2003.

  Linn, John B., and William H. Egle, eds. Pennsylvania Archives. 2nd ser. Harrisburg: State Printer of Pennsylvania, 1896.

  Linn, John Blair, and William H. Egle, eds. Pennsylvania in the War of the Revolution, 1775–1783. Vol. 1. Harrisburg, PA: Lane S. Hart, 1880.

  A List of the General and Staff Officers…Serving in North America. New York and Philadelphia: MacDonald & Cameron, 1777–78.

  Livingston, William. The Papers of William Livingston. Vol. 1, June 1774–June 1777. Edited by Prince, Carl E., Dennis P. Ryan, and Pamela B. Schafler. Trenton: New Jersey Historical Commission, 1979.

  Lushington, Stephen R. The Life and Services of General Lord Harris, GCB, during His Campaigns in America, the West Indies, and India. 2nd ed. London: John W. Parker, 1845.

  Marshall, Christopher. Extracts from the Diary of Christopher Marshall…1774–1781. Edited by William Duane. Albany, NY: Joel Munsell, 1877.

  Marshall, John. The Life of George Washington. Vol. 2. New York: Wm. Wise, 1925.

  Martin, Joseph Plumb. Private Yankee Doodle. Edited by George F. Scheer. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1962.

  Mason, A. Hughlette. The Journal of Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1969.

  McPhee, John. The Pine Barrens. New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1981.

  McGuire, Thomas J. Battle of Paoli. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2000.

  Miller, Lillian B., Sidney Hart, and Toby A. Appel, eds. The Selected Papers of Charles Willson Peale and His Family. Vol. 1, Charles Willson Peale: Artist in Revolutionary America, 1735–1791. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1983.

  Montgomery, Charles F., and Patricia Kane. America Art: 1750–1800, Towards Independence. New Haven, CT: Yale University Art Gallery, 1976.

  Montrésor, John. The Montrésor Journals. Edited by G. D. Scull. Collections of the New York Historical Society, vol. 14. New York, 1882.

  Morgan, William James, ed. Naval Documents of the American Revolution. Vol. 9. Washington, DC: Naval History Division, Department of the Navy, 1980.

  Morrison, Alfred J. Travels in the Confederation 1783–1784. Philadelphia: William J. Campbell, 1911.

  Muhlenberg, Henry Melchior. The Journals of Henry Melchior Muhlenberg. Vol. 3, 1777–1787. Translated and edited by Theodore G. Tappert and John W. Doberstein. Philadelphia: Muhlenberg Press, 1958.

  The Musical Miscellany: A Selection of Scots, English, and Irish Songs, set to Music. Perth, Scotland: J. Brown, 1786.

  Peterson, Harold L. The Book of the Continental Soldier. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1968.

  Pickering, Octavius, and Charles W. Upham. The Life of Timothy Pickering. 4 vols. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1867–73.

  Pierce, Arthur D. Smugglers’ Woods. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1960.

  Prechtel, Johann Ernst. A Hessian Officer's Diary of the American Revolution by Johann Ernst Prechtel. Translated and edited by Bruce E. Burgoyne. Bowie, MD: Heritage Books, 1994. Prechtel was a first sergeant and later a lieutenant in the Anspach Regiment of Anspach-Bayreuth.

  Rankin, Hugh F. “An Officer out of His Time: Correspondence of Major Patrick Ferguson, 1779–1780.” Sources of American Independence: Selected Manuscripts from the Collections of the William L. Clements Library. Edited by Howard Peckham. Vol. 2. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

  Reed, William B. Life and Correspondence of Joseph Reed. Vol. 1. Philadelphia: Lindsay and Blakiston, 1847.

  Remembrancer for 1777. London: J. Almon, 1778.

  Robertson, Archibald. Archibald Robertson, Lieutenant-General Royal Engineers: His Diaries and Sketches in America, 1762–1780. New York: New York Public Library, 1930.

  Robson, Eric, ed. Letters from America 1773 to 1780: Being the Letters of a Scots Officer, Sir James Murray, to His Home during the War of American Independence. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1951.

  Rodney, Caesar. Letters to and from Caesar Rodney, 1756–1784. Edited by George Herbert Ryden. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press for the Historical Society of Delaware, 1933.

  Ryan, Dennis P., ed. A Salute to Courage: The American Revolution as Seen through Wartime Writings of Officers of the Continental Army and Navy. New York: Columbia University Press, 1979.

  Saffron, Morris H. Surgeon to Washington: Dr. John Cochran, 1730–1807. New York: Columbia University Press, 1977.

  Scharf, J. Thomas. The Chronicles of Baltimore, etc. Baltimore: Turnbull Brothers, 1874.

  Serle, Ambrose. The American Journal of Ambrose Serle, Secretary to Lord Howe, 1776–1778. Edited by Edward H. Tatum Jr. San Marino, CA: Huntington Library, 1940. Reprint. New York: Arno Press, 1969.

  Simcoe, John Graves. A Journal of the Operations of the Queen's Rangers…New York: Bartlett & Welford, 1844.

  Smith, Paul H., Gerald W. Gawalt, and Ronald M. Gephart, eds. Letters of Delegates to Congress, 1774–1789. Vol. 8. Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1981.

  Stephen, Leslie, and Sidney Lee. The Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 7. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1922.

  Stevenson, Roger. Military Instructions for Officers Detached in the Field: Containing a Scheme for Forming a Corps of Partisans, Illustrated with Plans of the Manoeuvres Necessary in Carrying out the Petite Guerre. Philadelphia: R. Aitkin, 1775.

  Stillé, Charles J. Major-General Anthony Wayne and the Pennsylvania Line in the Continental Army. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1893.

  Stryker, William S., ed. New Jersey Archives. 2nd ser., vol. 1, Extracts from American Newspapers, 1776–1777. Trenton, NJ: John L. Murphy Publishing Co., 1901.

  Stuart, Charles. A Prime Minister and His Son: From the Correspondence of the Third Earl of Bute and Lt. General The Honourable Sir Charles Stuart, KB. Edited by Mrs. E. Stuart Wortley. London: John Murray, 1925.

  ———. New Records of the American Revolution: Letters of Charles Stuart. Privately printed: n.d.

  Syrett, Harold G., and Jacob E. Cooke, eds. The Papers of Alexander Hamilton. Vol. 1. New York: Columbia University Press, 1961.

  Troiani, Don, Earl J. Coates, and James L. Kochan. Don Troiani's Soldiers in America. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1998.

  Trussell, John B. B. The Pennsylvania Line: Regimental Organization and Operations, 1775–1783. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1977.

  von Münchhausen, Friedrich. At General Howe's Side: The Diary of General William Howe's Aide de Camp, Captain Friedrich von Münchhausen. Translated and edited by Ernst Kipping and Samuel Stelle Smith. Monmouth Beach, NJ: Philip Freneau Press, 1974.

  Watson, Winslow C. Men and Times of the Revolution: or, Memoirs of Elkannah Watson. New York: Dana and Company, 1856.


  Weedon, George. Valley Forge Orderly Book of General George Weedon…1777–8. Edited by Samuel Pennypacker. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1902. Manuscript in the American Philosophical Society.

  West, Benjamin. The New-England Almanack, or Lady's and Gentleman's Diary, for the Year of Our Lord Christ 1777. Providence, RI: Printed and sold by John Carter.

  Wheatley, Henry B. The Historical and the Posthumous Memoirs of Sir Nathaniel William Wraxall, 1772–1784. Londonn: Bickers and Son, 1884.

  Wilkin, Walter Harold. Some British Soldiers in America. London: Hugh Rees, 1914.

  Wister, Sarah. Sally Wister's Journal: A True Narrative…1777–1778. Edited by Albert Myers Cook. Philadelphia: Ferris & Leach, 1902.

  JOURNAL ARTICLES

  Angew, Daniel. “A Biographical Sketch of Governor Richard Howell of New Jersey.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 22 (1898): 224.

  Bruce-Briggs, B. “‘The Grenadiers March’ in Colonial Massachusetts.” Notes and Documents of Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research 81, no. 57 (2003): 282.

  “Excitement in Philadelphia on Hearing of the Defeat at Brandywine.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 14 (1890): 66.

  “Extracts from the Journal of Surgeon Ebenezer Elmer of the New Jersey Continental Line, September 11–19, 1777.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 35 (1911): 104.

  Fisher, Sarah Logan. “A Diary of Trifling Occurrences: Philadelphia, 1776–1778.” Edited by Nicholas Biddle Wainwright. Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 82 (1958): 411–65.

  Flickinger, B. Floyd. “The Diary of Lieutenant William Heth while a Prisoner in Quebec,” Annual Papers of Winchester Virginia Historical Society 1 (1931): 33.

  Hale, Capt. William. “Letters Written during the American War of Independence.” Regimental Annual [1st Nottinghamshire Regiment (Sherwood Foresters), United Kingdom] (1913). Hale was a member of the Grenadier Company, 45th Regiment of Foot.

  Hay, Denys. “The Denouement of General Howe's campaign of 1777.” English Historical Review vol. 74 (1964): 503.

  Heyl, John K. “Trout Hall and Its Owner James Allen: Excerpts from Diary of James Allen.” Proceedings of the Lehigh County Historical Society 24. Allentown, PA: Lehigh County Historical Society, 1962.

  Huth, Hans. “Letters from a Hessian Mercenary (Colonel von Donop to the Prince of Prussia).” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 62 (1938): 497.

  Inman, George. “George Inman's Narrative of the American Revolution.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 7 (1883): 237–48.

  “Journal of Sgt. Maj. John Hawkins.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 20 (1896): 420.

  Journal of the Johannes Schwalm Historical Association. [Schwalm].

  “List of Officers Killed Since the Commencement of the War &c: Compiled by Capt. George Inman, 1784: George Inman's Narrative of the American Revolution.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 7 (1883): 237–248.

  “London, December 18: Extracts of a letter from an Officer at Philadelphia to his friend at Edinburgh, dated Oct. 27.” Felix Farley's Bristol Journal 26, no. 1400 (1777).

  “Lord North's Correspondence,” English Historical Review 62 (1947): 235.

  Magee's Weekly Packet. Dublin, Saturday, August 6, 1777, no. 8.

  “Memorial of Capt. Charles Cochrane.” Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 6, 2d. ser. (1891): 434–35.

  McMichael, James. “Diary of Lieutenant James McMichael, of the Pennsylvania Line, 1776–1778.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 16 (1892): 137–39.

  Mordecai, Jacob. “Addenda to Watson's Annals.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 98 (1974).

  Morton, Robert. “The Diary of Robert Morton….” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 1 (1877): 1–39.

  “Mr. Joseph Galloway on the American War.” Scots Magazine 41 (1779): 526.

  “Parliament: Commons on Gen. Howe's Conduct.” Scots Magazine 41 (1779): 644.

  Proceedings of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania 1, no. 8 (1846).

  “Revolutionary Pension Records of Morris Co. NJ.” Preceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society n. s., vol 1 (1916).

  Smith, Samuel. “The Papers of General Samuel Smith.” Historical Magazine 7, 2nd. ser., no. 2 (1870): 85.

  Stirke, Henry. “A British Officer's Revolutionary War Journal, 1776–1778.” Edited by S. Sydney Bradford. Maryland Historical Magazine 56, no. 2 (June 1961): 150–75. Lt. Henry Stirke belonged to the Light Infantry Company, 10th Regiment of Foot.

  Summers, William. “Obituary Notices of Pennsylvania Soldiers of the Revolution.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 38 (1914): 443.

  Wilson, James Grant. “A Memorial of Colonel John Bayard.” Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society 2nd. ser., vol. 5. (1877–79): 150.

  WEBSITES

  George Washington Papers online at the Library of Congress, http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/gwhtml/.

  Ho, Eugene Y. C. “Edward Gibbon, Historian of the Roman Empire.” www.his.com/~z/gibho1.html.

  Journal of Jarvis. On-Line Institute for Advanced Loyalist Studies. www.royalprovincial.com.

  “Sandy Hook Lighthouse.” www.njlhs.burlco.org/sandyhk.htm.

  Thomas Jefferson Papers online at the Library of Congress, http://loc.gov

  Woodward, Abraham. Woodward and Allied-Families-Revolutionary War. http://www.geocities.com/nadineholder/RevWar.html.

  INDEX

  Abercromby, Robert, 205, 214

  Adams, John, 9, 15–16, 39, 42, 45–46, 68, 80, 107, 111, 142

  arguments between military officers, 78–79

  army formation, 130–31

  British landings, possible places, 90

  first Fourth of July celebrations, 64–66

  flight from Philadelphia, 299

  Fort Ticonderoga, 82–83

  Howe's plans, 75, 82, 99, 103, 104, 108–9, 117, 122

  Philadelphia foundry, description of, 127

  Quaker plot, 273

  Adams, Samuel, 8

  African Americans, in battle, 247

  Agnew, James, 205, 236, 258

  Aikin's Tavern, 151, 152, 153

  Alexander, William. See Stirling, Lord

  Allen, William, Jr., 301

  Allen brothers, 129

  Amity's Admonition, 72

  André, John, 3, 37, 39–40, 54, 59, 71, 136, 250, 287–88, 309

  Annapolis, 111–12

  Annual Register, The, 7, 53, 73, 107–8, 169, 219

  Aolus, 71

  Armstrong, John, 144, 171, 281, 282

  Asbury, Francis, 112, 135

  Associators, 11

  Aston, 285

  Baily, Joel, 185–86

  Baird, James, 314

  Balfour, Nisbet, 5

  Baltimore, 112–13

  Bartholomew, John, 308–9

  Bauer, Carl, 35, 59

  Baurmeister, Carl, 24, 134–35, 136, 199

  Battle of the Clouds, 290–91

  Bayard, John, 324–25

  Bayard, Stephen, 250

  Bayly, Mountjoy, 185–86

  Beatty, William, 158, 163, 291–92

  Bickell, Alexander Wilhelm, 237

  Biddle, Charles, 164–65

  Birmingham, 195, 196

  Birmingham Friends Meeting House, 196, 198, 200, 201, 214, 268

  Blackwell, John, 215

  Blackwell, Thomas, 215

  Bland, Theodorick, 196–97

  Boot Tavern, 288–89, 292

  Bound Brook (Boundbrook), 20, 21–24, 27

  Bradford, William, 88

  Brandywine, battle of

  aftermath, 263–74

  casualties, 177, 178, 209, 215, 225, 226, 238, 239, 259, 268–70

  civilian spectators, 172–73

  description of positions and fighting, 175–62

  hussar incident, 179–81

  map of, 174

  position o
f Continentals, 169–72, 193

  position of Crown Forces, 172, 173, 175, 183–84, 186, 193–94

  Brewer, Elizabeth, 36

  Brigade of Guards, 33–34

  Brinton, Edward, 261

  Brinton's Ford, 171, 191, 198–99, 241, 242

  Brinton, William, 253, 261

  Britain, lack of information on Howe's intentions, 75

  British Army

  American guessing of location of, 85–94, 98–100, 103, 104, 121

  command and control problems, 12–15

  condition of men on ships, 105–6

  landing of and camp construction, 133–37

  reinforcements, 33–34

  Brown, Joseph, 252, 266

  Buchanan, Andrew, 112

  Buchanan, Thomas, 246

  Buffington's Ford, 171, 196

  Bull, John, 323

  Burd, Benjamin, 316

  Burgoyne, John, 76, 77, 82, 120

  Burke, Edmund, 7

  Burke, Thomas, 65, 189, 218, 219

  Burns, Joseph, 298

  Burrows, Thomas, 294

  Bush, Lewis, 250

  Calder, Henry, 72

  Canadian 2nd or Congress's Own Regiment, 171, 220

  Cantelupe, Lord, 4, 37, 71, 90, 92, 157

  Amity's Admonition, 72

  Brandywine, battle of, 225, 275

  South Valley Hill, 303–4

  Cape Henlopen lighthouse, 92–93

  Carroll, Charles, 108

  Center House, 187

  Chads's Ferry, 170, 247–48

  Chads's Ford, 162–63, 167, 169, 181, 240–41

  Chambers, James, 37, 41, 230, 246, 249, 250, 251

  Chesapeake Bay, 109–16, 117, 122

  Chester, 97, 98, 164

  Chester County, Pennsylvania, 2–4, 164, 165

  Chester Road, 288

  Chew, Benjamin, 94, 131–32

  Cheyney, Thomas, 187, 188

  Chilton, John, 215

  Christiana Bridge, 123, 152, 154, 156, 159

  Christie, John, 276

  Clark, Joseph, 41, 158, 234, 242, 245, 252, 260

  Cliffe, Loftus, 105, 109, 136–37, 172, 199, 209, 255, 260, 306

  Clinton, Henry, 76, 141

  Clove, 77–78

  Cochrane, Charles, 232

  Common Sense (Paine), 271–72

 

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