Foundation and Earth

by Isaac Asimov

  “Do we really know that Alpha has a planet with human life on it?” put in Pelorat. “You said the computer placed a question mark after that.”

  “Even so,” said Trevize, “it’s worth trying. Why not take a look at it? If it does indeed have human beings on it, let us find out what they know about Earth. For them, after all, Earth is not a distant thing of legend; it is a neighbor world, bright and prominent in their sky.”

  Bliss said thoughtfully, “It’s not a bad idea. It occurs to me that if Alpha is inhabited and if the inhabitants are not your thoroughly typical Isolates, they may be friendly, and we might be able to get some decent food for a change.”

  “And meet some pleasant people,” said Trevize. “Don’t forget that. Will it be all right with you, Janov?”

  Pelorat said, “You make the decision, old chap. Wherever you go, I will go, too.”

  Fallom said suddenly, “Will we find Jemby?”

  Bliss said hastily, before Trevize could answer, “We will look for it, Fallom.”

  And then Trevize said, “It’s settled then. On to Alpha.”

  73.

  “TWO BIG STARS,” SAID FALLOM, POINTING TO THE viewscreen.

  “That’s right,” said Trevize. “Two of them. —Bliss, do keep an eye on her. I don’t want her fiddling with anything.”

  “She’s fascinated by machinery,” said Bliss.

  “Yes, I know she is,” said Trevize, “but I’m not fascinated by her fascination. —Though to tell you the truth, I’m as fascinated as she is at seeing two stars that bright in the viewscreen at the same time.”

  The two stars were bright enough to seem to be on the point of showing a disc—each of them. The screen had automatically increased filtration density in order to remove the hard radiation and dim the light of the bright stars so as to avoid retinal damage. As a result, few other stars were bright enough to be noticeable, and the two that were reigned in haughty near-isolation.

  “The thing is,” said Trevize, “I’ve never been this close to a binary system before.”

  “You haven’t?” said Pelorat, open astonishment in his voice. “How is that possible?”

  Trevize laughed. “I’ve been around, Janov, but I’m not the Galactic rover you think I am.”

  Pelorat said, “I was never in space at all till I met you, Golan, but I always thought that anyone who did manage to get into space—”

  “Would go everywhere. I know. That’s natural enough. The trouble with planet-bound people is that no matter how much their mind may tell them otherwise, their imaginations just can’t take in the true size of the Galaxy. We could travel all our lives and leave most of the Galaxy unpenetrated and untouched. Besides, no one ever goes to binaries.”

  “Why not?” said Bliss, frowning. “We on Gaia know little astronomy compared to the traveling Isolates of the Galaxy, but I’m under the impression that binaries aren’t rare.”

  “They’re not,” said Trevize. “There are substantially more binaries than there are single stars. However, the formation of two stars in close association upsets the ordinary processes of planetary formation. Binaries have less planetary material than single stars do. Such planets as do form about them often have relatively unstable orbits and are very rarely of a type that is reasonably habitable.

  “Early explorers, I imagine, studied many binaries at close range but, after a while, for settlement purposes, they sought out only singles. And, of course, once you have a densely settled Galaxy, virtually all travel involves trade and communications and is carried on between inhabited worlds circling single stars. In periods of military activity, I suppose bases were sometimes set up on small, otherwise-uninhabited worlds circling one of the stars of a binary that happened to be strategically placed, but as hyperspatial travel came to be perfected, such bases were no longer necessary.”

  Pelorat said humbly, “It’s amazing how much I don’t know.”

  Trevize merely grinned. “Don’t let that impress you, Janov. When I was in the Navy, we listened to an incredible number of lectures on outmoded military tactics that no one ever planned, or intended to use, and were just talked about out of inertia. I was just rattling off a bit of one of them. —Consider all you know about mythology, folklore, and archaic languages that I don’t know, and that only you and a very few others do know.”

  Bliss said, “Yes, but those two stars make up a binary system and one of them has an inhabited planet circling it.”

  “We hope it does, Bliss,” said Trevize. “Everything has its exceptions. And with an official question mark in this case, which makes it more puzzling. —No, Fallom, those knobs are not toys. —Bliss, either keep her in handcuffs, or take her out.”

  “She won’t hurt anything,” said Bliss defensively, but pulled the Solarian youngster to herself just the same. “If you’re so interested in that habitable planet, why aren’t we there already?”

  “For one thing,” said Trevize, “I’m just human enough to want to see this sight of a binary system at close quarters. Then, too, I’m just human enough to be cautious. As I’ve already explained, nothing has happened since we left Gaia that would encourage me to be anything but cautious.”

  Pelorat said, “Which one of those stars is Alpha, Golan?”

  “We won’t get lost, Janov. The computer knows exactly which one is Alpha, and, for that matter, so do we. It’s the hotter and yellower of the two because it’s the larger. Now the one on the right has a distinct orange tinge to its light, rather like Aurora’s sun, if you recall. Do you notice?”

  “Yes, now that you call it to my attention.”

  “Very well. That’s the smaller one. —What’s the second letter of that ancient language you speak of?”

  Pelorat thought a moment, and said, “Beta.”

  “Then let’s call the orange one Beta and the yellow-white one Alpha, and it’s Alpha we’re heading for right now.”

  17

  New Earth

  74.

  “FOUR PLANETS,” MUTTERED TREVIZE. “ALL ARE small, plus a trailing off of asteroids. No gas giants.”

  Pelorat said, “Do you find that disappointing?”

  “Not really. It’s expected. Binaries that circle each other at small distances can have no planets circling one of the stars. Planets can circle the center of gravity of both, but it’s very unlikely that they would be habitable—too far away.

  “On the other hand if the binaries are reasonably separate, there can be planets in stable orbits about each, if they are close enough to one or the other of the stars. These two stars, according to the computer’s data bank, have an average separation of 3.5 billion kilometers and even at periastron, when they are closest together, are about 1.7 billion kilometers apart. A planet in an orbit of less than 200 million kilometers from either star would be stably situated, but there can be no planet with a larger orbit. That means no gas giants since they would have to be farther away from a star, but what’s the difference? Gas giants aren’t habitable, anyway.”

  “But one of those four planets might be habitable.”

  “Actually the second planet is the only real possibility. For one thing, it’s the only one of them large enough to have an atmosphere.”

  They approached the second planet rapidly and over a period of two days its image expanded; at first with a majestic and measured swelling. And then, when there was no sign of any ship emerging to intercept them, with increasing and almost frightening speed.

  The Far Star was moving swiftly along a temporary orbit a thousand kilometers above the cloud cover, when Trevize said grimly, “I see why the computer’s memory banks put a question mark after the notation that it was inhabited. There’s no clear sign of radiation, either light in the night-hemisphere, or radio anywhere.”

  “The cloud cover seems pretty thick,” said Pelorat.

  “That should not blank out radio radiation.”

  They watched the planet wheeling below them, a symphony in swirling white cloud
s, through occasional gaps of which a bluish wash indicated ocean.

  Trevize said, “The cloud level is fairly heavy for an inhabited world. It might be a rather gloomy one. —What bothers me most,” he added, as they plunged once more into the night-shadow, “is that no space stations have hailed us.”

  “The way they did back at Comporellon, you mean?” said Pelorat.

  “The way they would in any inhabited world. We would have to stop for the usual checkup on papers, freight, length of stay, and so on.”

  Bliss said, “Perhaps we missed the hail for some reason.”

  “Our computer would have received it at any wavelength they might have cared to use. And we’ve been sending out our own signals, but have roused no one and nothing as a result. Dipping under the cloud layer without communicating with station officials violates space courtesy, but I don’t see that we have a choice.”

  The Far Star slowed, and strengthened its antigravity accordingly, so as to maintain its height. It came out into the sunlight again, and slowed further. Trevize, in co-ordination with the computer, found a sizable break in the clouds. The ship sank and passed through it. Beneath them heaved the ocean in what must have been a fresh breeze. It lay, wrinkled, several kilometers below them, faintly striped in lines of froth.

  They flew out of the sunlit patch and under the cloud cover. The expanse of water immediately beneath them turned a slate-gray, and the temperature dropped noticeably.

  Fallom, staring at the viewscreen, spoke in her own consonant-rich language for a few moments, then shifted to Galactic. Her voice trembled. “What is that which I see beneath?”

  “That is an ocean,” said Bliss soothingly. “It is a very large mass of water.”

  “Why does it not dry up?”

  Bliss looked at Trevize, who said, “There’s too much water for it to dry up.”

  Fallom said in a half-choked manner, “I don’t want all that water. Let us go away.” And then she shrieked, thinly, as the Far Star moved through a patch of storm clouds so that the viewscreen turned milky and was streaked with the mark of raindrops.

  The lights in the pilot-room dimmed and the ship’s motion became slightly jerky.

  Trevize looked up in surprise and cried out. “Bliss, your Fallom is old enough to transduce. She’s using electric power to try to manipulate the controls. Stop her!”

  Bliss put her arms about Fallom, and hugged her tightly, “It’s all right, Fallom, it’s all right. There’s nothing to be afraid of. It’s just another world, that’s all. There are many like this.”

  Fallom relaxed somewhat but continued to tremble.

  Bliss said to Trevize, “The child has never seen an ocean, and perhaps, for all I know, never experienced fog or rain. Can’t you be sympathetic?”

  “Not if she tampers with the ship. She’s a danger to all of us, then. Take her into your room and calm her down.”

  Bliss nodded curtly.

  Pelorat said, “I’ll come with you, Bliss.”

  “No, no, Pel,” she responded. “You stay here. I’ll soothe Fallom and you soothe Trevize.” And she left.

  “I don’t need soothing,” growled Trevize to Pelorat. “I’m sorry if I flew off the handle, but we can’t have a child playing with the controls, can we?”

  “Of course we can’t,” said Pelorat, “but Bliss was caught by surprise. She can control Fallom, who is really remarkably well behaved for a child taken from her home and her—her robot, and thrown, willy-nilly, into a life she doesn’t understand.”

  “I know. It wasn’t I who wanted to take her along, remember. It was Bliss’s idea.”

  “Yes, but the child would have been killed, if we hadn’t taken her.”

  “Well, I’ll apologize to Bliss later on. To the child, too.”

  But he was still frowning, and Pelorat said gently, “Golan, old chap, is there anything else bothering you?”

  “The ocean,” said Trevize. They had long emerged from the rain storm, but the clouds persisted.

  “What’s wrong with it?” asked Pelorat.

  “There’s too much of it, that’s all.”

  Pelorat looked blank, and Trevize said, with a snap, “No land. We haven’t seen any land. The atmosphere is perfectly normal, oxygen and nitrogen in decent proportions, so the planet has to be engineered, and there has to be plant life to maintain the oxygen level. In the natural state, such atmospheres do not occur—except, presumably, on Earth, where it developed, who knows how. But, then, on engineered planets there are always reasonable amounts of dry land, up to one third of the whole, and never less than a fifth. So how can this planet be engineered, and lack land?”

  Pelorat said, “Perhaps, since this planet is part of a binary system, it is completely atypical. Maybe it wasn’t engineered, but evolved an atmosphere in ways that never prevail on planets about single stars. Perhaps life developed independently here, as it once did on Earth, but only sea life.”

  “Even if we were to admit that,” said Trevize, “it would do us no good. There’s no way life in the sea can develop a technology. Technology is always based on fire, and fire is impossible in the sea. A life-bearing planet without technology is not what we’re looking for.”

  “I realize that, but I’m only considering ideas. After all, as far as we know, technology only developed once—on Earth. Everywhere else, the Settlers brought it with them. You can’t say technology is ‘always’ anything, if you only have one case to study.”

  “Travel through the sea requires streamlining. Sea life cannot have irregular outlines and appendages such as hands.”

  “Squids have tentacles.”

  Trevize said, “I admit we are allowed to speculate, but if you’re thinking of intelligent squid-like creatures evolving independently somewhere in the Galaxy, and developing a technology not based on fire, you’re supposing something not at all likely, in my opinion.”

  “In your opinion,” said Pelorat gently.

  Suddenly, Trevize laughed. “Very well, Janov. I see you’re logic-chopping in order to get even with me for speaking harshly to Bliss, and you’re doing a good job. I promise you that if we find no land, we will examine the sea as best we can to see if we can find your civilized squids.”

  As he spoke, the ship plunged into the night-shadow again, and the view-screen turned black.

  Pelorat winced. “I keep wondering,” he said. “Is this safe?”

  “Is what safe, Janov?”

  “Racing through the dark like this. We might dip, and dive into the ocean, and be destroyed instantly.”

  “Quite impossible, Janov. Really! The computer keeps us traveling along a gravitational line of force. In other words, it remains always at a constant intensity of the planetary gravitational force which means it keeps us at a nearly constant height above sea level.”

  “But how high?”

  “Nearly five kilometers.”

  “That doesn’t really console me, Golan. Might we not reach land and smash into a mountain we don’t see?”

  “We don’t see, but ship’s radar will see it, and the computer will guide the ship around or over the mountain.”

  “What if there’s level land, then? We’ll miss it in the dark.”

  “No, Janov, we won’t. Radar reflected from water is not at all like radar reflected from land. Water is essentially flat; land is rough. For that reason, reflection from land is substantially more chaotic than reflection from water. The computer will know the difference and it will let me know if there’s land in view. Even if it were day and the planet were sun-lit, the computer might well detect land before I would.”

  They fell silent and, in a couple of hours, they were back in daylight, with an empty ocean again rolling beneath them monotonously, but occasionally invisible when they passed through one of the numerous storms. In one storm, the wind drove the Far Star out of its path. The computer gave way, Trevize explained, in order to prevent an unnecessary waste of energy and to minimize the chance of physic
al damage. Then, when the turbulence had passed, the computer eased the ship back into its path.

  “Probably the edge of a hurricane,” said Trevize.

  Pelorat said, “See here, old chap, we’re just traveling west to east—or east to west. All we’re examining is the equator.”

  Trevize said, “That would be foolish, wouldn’t it? We’re following a great-circle route northwest-southeast. That takes us through the tropics and both temperate zones and each time we repeat the circle, the path moves westward, as the planet rotates on its axis beneath us. We’re methodically criss-crossing the world. By now, since we haven’t hit land, the chances of a sizable continent are less than one in ten, according to the computer, and of a sizable island less than one in four, with the chances going down each circle we make.”

  “You know what I would have done,” said Pelorat slowly, as the night hemisphere engulfed them again. “I’d have stayed well away from the planet and swept the entire hemisphere facing me with radar. The clouds wouldn’t have mattered, would they?”

  Trevize said, “And then zoom to the other side and do the same there. Or just let the planet turn once. —That’s hindsight, Janov. Who would expect to approach a habitable planet without stopping at a station and being given a path—or being excluded? And if one went under the cloud layer without stopping at a station, who would expect not to find land almost at once? Habitable planets are—land!”

  “Surely not all land,” said Pelorat.

  “I’m not talking about that,” said Trevize, in sudden excitement. “I’m saying we’ve found land! Quiet!”

  Then, with a restraint that did not succeed in hiding his excitement, Trevize placed his hands on the desk and became part of the computer. He said, “It’s an island about two hundred and fifty kilometers long and sixty-five kilometers wide, more or less. Perhaps fifteen thousand square kilometers in area or thereabout. Not large, but respectable. More than a dot on the map. Wait—”