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146. Libet, B. (1985). Unconscious Cerebral Initiative and the Role of Conscious Will in Voluntary Action. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 8, 529–539. See also the many commentaries in the same issue, pp. 539–566, and in Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 10, 318–321. Libet, B., Freeman, A., & Sutherland, K. (1999). The Volitional Brain: Towards a Neuroscience of Free Will. Thorverton, UK: Imprint Academic.
147. Libet, B. (1981) The Experimental Evidence of Subjective Referral of a Sensory Experience Backwards in Time. Philosophy of Science, 48, 182–197.
148. Wegner, D. M., & Wheatley, T. P. (1999). Apparent Mental Causation: Sources of the Experience of Will. American Psychologist, 54, 480–492.
149. Wegner, D. M. (2003). The Illusion of Conscious Will. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
150. Damasio, A. (1995). Descartes’ Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain. New York: Harper Perennial.
151. Weiskrantz, L. (1986). Blindsight: A Case Study and Implications. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
152. Sacks, O. (1996). The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat (p. 146). New York: Vintage Books.
153. See note 1.
154. Gendlin, E. (1982). Focusing (2nd ed.). New York: Bantam Books.
155. Bull, N. (1951). Attitude Theory of Emotion. New York: Nervous and Mental Disease Monographs.
156. Llinas, R. R. (2001). i of the Vortex: From Neurons to Self. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
157. Ekman, P. (2008). Emotional Awareness: Overcoming the Obstacles to Psychological Balance and Compassion. New York: Holt.
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160. NewScientist.com, May 09, 2007.
161. Tinbergen, N. (1974). Ethology and Stress Disease. Science, 185, 2027.
162. Alexander, F. M. (1932). The Use of the Self. London: Orion Publishing.
163. Blakeslee, S. (2007). The Body Has a Mind of Its Own: How Body Maps in Your Brain Help You Do (Almost) Everything Better. New York: Random House.
164. Levine, J., Gordon, N. C., & Fields, H. L. (1978). The Mechanism of Placebo Analgesia. Lancet, 2 (8091), 654–657.
165. Van der Kolk, B. A., & Saporta, J. (1992). The Biological Response to Psychic Trauma: Mechanisms and Treatment of Intrusion and Numbing. Anxiety Research (UK), 4, 199–212.
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166. Fischer, R. (1971). A Cartography of the Ecstatic and Meditative States. Science, 174 (4012).
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171. Chödrön, P. (2002). The Places That Scare You: A Guide to Fearlessness in Difficult Times. Boston: Shambhala.
172. Robert Heath, personal communication, conference on the Biology of the Affectionate Bond, Esalen Institute, Big Sur, California, 1978.
173. See note 2.
174. Levine, P. A. (1986). Stress. In M. Coles, E. Donchin, and S. Porges (eds.), Psychophysiology: Systems, Processes, and Application; A Handbook. New York: Guilford Press.
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176. Damasio, A. (2000). The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness. San Diego: Harvest Books.
177. Dhar, P. L. (2005). Holistic Education and Vipassana. Available at http://www.buddhismtoday.com/index/meditation.htm.
178. Levine, P. A. (2005). Healing Trauma: A Pioneering Program for Restoring the Wisdom of Your Body. Boulder, CO: Sounds True.
About the Author
Peter A. Levine, PhD, holds doctorates in both medical biophysics and psychology. The developer of Somatic Experiencing®, a body-awareness approach to healing trauma, and founder of the Foundation for Human Enrichment, he conducts trainings in this work throughout the world and in various indigenous cultures. Dr. Levine was a stress consultant for NASA on the development of the space shuttle project and was a member of the Institute of World Affairs Task Force of Psychologists for Social Responsibility in developing responses to large-scale disasters and ethno-political warfare. Levine’s international best seller, Waking the Tiger: Healing Trauma, has been translated into twenty-two languages. His recent interests include the prevention of trauma in children, and he has co-written two books, with Maggie Kline, in this area: Trauma Through a Child’s Eyes and Trauma-Proofing Your Kids. Levine’s original contribution to the field of Body-Psychotherapy was honored in 2010 when he received the Life Time Achievement award from the United States Association for Body Psychotherapy (USABP). For further information on Dr. Levine’s trainings, projects and literature, visit www.traumahealing.com and www.somaticexperiencing.com.