The Life of Graham Greene (1939-1955)
Page 66
36 Ibid.
37 OSS Files, National Archives, Washington, DC.
38 ‘Indo-China: Internal Affairs: 1950–4: Confidential US State Dept’, Central Files, National Archives, Washington, DC.
39 Interview with Graham Greene, 25 April 1981. Richard Cox was at Balliol the same years as Greene, (1922–5), served in the Colonial Service, Sierra Leone from 1928 onwards and was still there during Greene’s service with the SIS.
40 Ways of Escape, p. 183.
41 The Heart of the Matter, pp. 171–2.
42 Letter from Graham Greene to author, 20 March 1991.
43 Ways of Escape, p. 92.
44 Ibid., p. 90.
45 The Heart of the Matter, p. 48.
46 Ibid., pp. 49–50.
47 Ibid., p. 50.
48 Ibid., p. 51.
49 Ibid., p. 52.
50 Ibid.
51 Ibid., p. 55.
52 Ibid., pp. 54–5.
53 Ibid., p. 51.
54 Ways of Escape, p. 90.
55 Undated journal entry, 1942.
56 Letter to his mother, 22 July 1942.
57 Letter to Hugh Greene, 1 August 1942.
58 Letter from Peter Turnbull to author, 30 October 1981.
59 Letter from Graham Greene to author, 27 February 1991.
60 Interview with Rodney Dennys, 23 January 1992.
61 Letter from Kim Philby to author, 9 April 1974.
62 Ibid.
63 Letter from Graham Greene to author, 20 March 1991.
64 Letter to Elisabeth Greene, 2 June 1942.
65 Ways of Escape, p. 77.
66 The Heart of the Matter, p. 79.
67 Ibid., p. 83.
68 Ibid., pp. 83–4.
69 Ibid., pp. 84–5.
70 Ibid., p. 94.
11 A Mad Cook, a Suicide and a Nest of Toads
1 Ways of Escape, Penguin edition, 1987, p. 91.
2 Letter to his mother, 22 July 1942.
3 Ways of Escape, p. 91.
4 Letter to his mother, 12 August 1942.
5 The Human Factor, Penguin edition, 1978, p. 195.
6 Letter to his mother, 12 August 1942.
7 Ibid., 22 June 1942.
8 The Human Factor, pp. 189–90.
9 Ways of Escape, p. 91.
10 Ibid., p. 75.
11 The Heart of the Matter, Penguin edition, 1983, p. 26.
12 Ibid., p. 77.
13 Ibid., p. 69.
14 Interview with Graham Greene, 25 April 1981.
15 ‘The Soupsweet Land’, Collected Essays, Penguin edition, 1970, p. 344.
16 The Heart of the Matter, p. 172.
17 Ibid., p. 173.
18 Letter from George Neal to author, 27 January 1993.
19 Journal, 10 January 1942.
20 The Heart of the Matter, p. 173.
21 Ibid., p. 174.
22 Ibid.
23 Ibid., p. 175.
24 Ibid., p. 86.
25 Ibid., p. 85.
26 Ibid., p. 194.
27 Ibid., p. 88.
28 Letter from C. J. Mabey to author, 6 November 1975.
29 The Heart of the Matter, p. 88.
30 Letter from Vivien Greene to Laurence Pollinger, June 1942.
31 Letter to Laurence Pollinger, 19 June 1942.
32 Letter to his mother, 11 June 1942.
33 Ibid.
34 Letter from Vivien Greene addressed to Freetown, 28 February 1942.
35 Vivien Greene’s journal, 7 April 1942.
36 Letter from Vivien Greene, 9 March 1942.
37 Ibid., 6 April 1942.
38 Ibid., 28 April 1942.
39 Ibid., 25 May 1942.
40 Ibid., 7 July 1942.
41 Ibid., 12 July 1942.
42 Ibid., 14 July 1942.
43 Ibid., 1 August 1942.
44 Ibid., 14 April 1942.
45 Ibid., 26 August 1942.
46 Letter from Hugh Greene, 28 June 1942.
47 Letter to Elisabeth Greene, 15 October 1942.
48 Ways of Escape, pp. 92–3.
49 Letter to his mother, 19 April 1942.
50 Letter to Laurence Pollinger, 9 March 1942.
51 Ibid., 22 May 1942.
52 Letter to his mother, 22 June 1942.
53 Letter to Laurence Pollinger, 22 May 1942.
54 Letter from Laurence Pollinger, 15 June 1942.
55 Letter to Laurence Pollinger, 17 July 1942.
56 Ibid., 22 July 1942.
57 Ibid., 4 August 1942.
58 Ibid., 29 September 1942.
59 Cable from Laurence Pollinger, 25 September 1942.
60 Letter to Laurence Pollinger, 4 November 1942.
61 Letter from Laurence Pollinger, 17 December 1942.
62 Cable from Mary Pritchett, December 1942.
63 Letter from Laurence Pollinger, December 1942.
64 Ibid.
65 Letter to Vivien Greene, 24 December 1942.
66 Undated letter to Elisabeth Greene from an unidentified schoolgirl friend.
67 ‘Across the Border (An Unfinished Novel)’, Penguin New Writing, Penguin, 1947, p. 70.
68 Interview with Vivien Greene, 23 June 1977.
69 A Sort of Life, Penguin edition, 1986, p. 21.
70 Interview with Vivien Greene, 23 June 1977.
71 The Human Factor, p. 169.
72 Letter from Vivien Greene, 23 March 1942.
73 A Sort of Life, p. 20.
74 Ibid.
75 Letter to his mother, 30 November 1932.
76 The Heart of the Matter, p. 155.
77 Letter from Marion Greene to Elisabeth Greene, 9 November 1942.
78 Ibid.
79 The Potting Shed, Penguin edition, 1971, p. 35.
80 Ways of Escape, p. 76.
81 The Human Factor, p. 55.
82 Graham Greene, Irish Times, 17 April 1978.
83 ‘The Soupsweet Land’, Collected Essays, p. 345.
84 Letter to his mother, Good Friday, 1942.
85 Ibid., 19 January 1943.
86 Letter to Elisabeth Greene, 15 October 1942.
87 Letter from Kim Philby to author, June 1978.
88 Interview with Graham Greene, 25 April 1981.
89 Letter from Laurence Pollinger to Vivien Greene, 29 January 1943.
90 Letter from Vivien Greene to Laurence Pollinger, February 1943.
91 Ways of Escape, p. 89.
92 Mario Soldati, Fuori, trans. Mario Curreli, Mondadori, 1968, pp. 419–21.
93 Ibid., p. 421.
12 Carving Brighton Rock
1 Letter to Laurence Pollinger, 1 July 1942.
2 Letter from Margery Vosper, 10 July 1942.
3 Ibid.
4 Letter to Margery Vosper, 12 August 1942.
5 Ibid.
6 Ibid.
7 Letter from Laurence Pollinger, December 1942.
8 Letter from Vivien Greene to Laurence Pollinger, 15 December 1942.
9 Letter from Laurence Pollinger, 21 December 1942.
10 Letter to Laurence Pollinger, 1 January 1943.
11 Letter from Vivien Greene to Laurence Pollinger, February 1943.
12 Letter from Laurence Pollinger to Vivien Greene, 25 February 1943.
13 Letter to Laurence Pollinger, 4 March 1943.
14 Ibid.
15 Ibid.
16 Ibid.
17 Cable from Laurence Pollinger, 11 March 1943.
18 Letter to Laurence Pollinger, 13 March 1943.
19 Letter from Vivien Greene to Laurence Pollinger, March 1943.
20 Letter from Laurence Pollinger, 18 March 1943.
21 Ibid., 29 March 1943.
13 Agents Three: Greene, Muggeridge and Philby
1 Anthony Cave Brown, ‘C’: The Secret Life of Sir Stewart Graham Menzies, Macmillan, 1987, p. 250.
2 Undated letter, probably written in April 1943.
3 Malcolm Muggeridge, The Infernal Grove: Chronicles of Wasted Time, vol.
2, Fontana/Collins, 1975, p. 138.
4 Undated letter to David Low.
5 Letter from Kim Philby to author, 8 April 1978.
6 Milne was a particularly close friend of Philby’s, having been at Westminster school with him. Sometimes they holidayed together in central Europe. They remained close friends until Philby left hurriedly for Moscow in 1963, an escapee from British Intelligence and the police.
7 Muggeridge, The Infernal Grove, p. 149.
8 Graham Greene, Introduction to Kim Philby, My Silent War, Panther Books, 1969, p. 9.
9 Letter from an unattributable source to author, 17 June 1977.
10 Letter from Kim Philby to author, 9 April 1974.
11 The following secret document written by Herbert L. Will from the headquarters of X2 in Ryder Street, typifies the type of information sought. X2, or double cross, was the American equivalent to SIS:
Subject: Disseminate of Counter-espionage information to the X2 Branch, London.
A good example of the type of information that X2 is interested in but which came first into the hands of SOE/SO is, as you will recall, the killing of a prominent member of one of the leading German intelligence services in Denmark. I refer to this example merely because it is fairly typical and, being a concrete case, may be helpful in indicating one type of information desired.
cc: each SCI unit (Destroy).
12 Muggeridge, The Infernal Grove, pp. 164–5.
13 Interview with Malcolm Muggeridge, June 1977.
14 Ibid.
15 Information from an unattributable source.
16 Bruce Page, David Leitch and Phillip Knightley, The Philby Conspiracy, Doubleday, 1968, p. 111.
17 Muggeridge did well in some instances, for example kidnapping enemy agents and having them taken across the border into British territory. In May 1943 Muggeridge kidnapped Alfredo Manna, the head of the shipping intelligence network operated by the Italian consul, Campini, who worked in close collaboration with Wertz. Muggeridge had Manna kidnapped, put across the Swaziland border (then British territory) and sent to Camp 020. After interrogation, Manna supplied a great deal of information about the Axis activities. Muggeridge also received a congratulatory telegram from ‘C’ for providing the precise bearings of a projected rendezvous with a German U-boat which led to its apprehension. The Infernal Grove, p. 166.
18 Interview with Graham Greene, 13 December 1983.
19 Information from an unattributable source.
20 Cave Brown, ‘C’, pp. 224–5.
21 Muggeridge, The Infernal Grove, p. 144.
22 Cave Brown, ‘C’, p. 227.
23 Muggeridge, The Infernal Grove, p. 144.
24 Hugh Trevor-Roper, The Philby Affair, William Kimber, 1968, pp. 37–8.
25 Our Man in Havana, Penguin edition, 1962, p. 215.
26 Cave Brown, ‘C’, p. 227.
27 Interview with Graham Greene, 25 April 1981.
28 Ways of Escape, Penguin edition, 1987, p. 183.
29 Information from an unattributable source.
30 Ibid.
31 Michael Howard, British Intelligence in the Second World War, vol. 5, HMSO, 1990, p. 63.
32 Information from an unattributable source.
33 OSS files, National Archives, Washington, DC.
34 Ibid.
35 Ibid.
36 Information from an unattributable source.
37 Ibid.
38 Ibid.
39 Interview with Graham Greene, 13 December 1983.
40 Kim Philby, My Silent War, Panther, 1973, p. 41.
41 Otto John, Twice through the Lines, Macmillan, 1972, p. 98.
42 Ibid., p. 99.
43 Phillip Knightley, The Master Spy: The Story of Kim Philby, Knopf, 1988, p. 109.
44 Page, Leitch and Knightley, The Philby Conspiracy, p. 167.
45 Christopher Andrew and Oleg Gordievsky, KGB: The Inside Story, HarperCollins, 1990, p. 293.
46 Letter from Kim Philby to author, 8 April 1978.
47 Ibid.
48 Ibid.
49 Ibid.
50 Knightley, The Master Spy, p. 119.
51 Philby, My Silent War, Pan Books, 1989, p. 99.
52 Robert Cecil, ‘Cambridge Comintern’, The Missing Dimension, ed. Christopher Andrew and David N. Dilks, Macmillan, 1984, p. 179.
53 Interview with Graham Greene, 25 April 1981.
54 Ibid.
55 Ibid., 15 December 1983.
56 Interview with Tim Milne, 1992.
57 Letter from Kim Philby to author, 8 April 1978.
58 Ibid.
59 However, Louise Dennys, Greene’s niece, told me that Greene did not suspect Philby was a spy.
14 From Spy to Publisher
1 Interview with Graham Greene, 25 April 1981.
2 Evelyn Waugh, Unconditional Surrender, Butler & Tanner, 1961, p. 245.
3 Letter from his mother, 23 June 1944.
4 Interview with Graham Greene, 25 April 1981.
5 The End of the Affair, Heinemann, 1951, p. 80.
6 Ibid., p. 81.
7 Letter to Laurence Pollinger, 1 July 1944.
8 Interview with Graham Greene, 25 April 1981.
9 Letter to his mother, 2 July 1940.
10 The Comedians, Penguin edition, 1981, p. 63.
11 Letter to Laurence Pollinger, 29 September 1942.
12 Ibid., 4 August 1943.
13 Undated letter to his mother.
14 Anthony Powell, Faces in My Time: To Keep the Ball Rolling, vol. 3, Heinemann, 1980, p. 199.
15 Letter to J. C. Trewin, 18 September 1944.
16 Ibid., 9 February 1945.
17 Ibid., 12 July 1948.
18 Letter from Evelyn Waugh, Ash Wednesday, 1946.
19 During the time Greene was working with Kim Philby in Ryder Street, he was a member of the Reform Club. On fire-duty nights (‘One had one’s fire duty nights because the fire bombing was still going on,’) he and Philby would go and have breakfast there (‘a real good breakfast: eggs and bacon’). They took turns staying awake all night on duty: ‘Then one day the head waiter changed and the new beastly head waiter refused to take my order for breakfast the next day when I was going to be on fire duty. So I resigned on the grounds that I could no longer subscribe to the Reform format.’ Interview with Graham Greene, 25 April 1981.
20 Letter to William H. Webber, 22 January 1944.
21 Memo from William H. Webber, 31 January 1944.
22 Letter to William H. Webber, 2 February 1944.
23 Letter to Mr Kirkpatrick, 4 August 1944.
24 Douglas Jerrold, ‘Graham Greene, Pleasure-Hater’, Harper’s, August 1952, p. 51.
25 Ibid., p. 52.
26 Letter from Kim Philby, 8 April 1978.
27 Ibid.
28 Ibid.
29 Ibid.
30 Interview with Graham Greene, 25 April 1981.
31 Ibid.
32 Malcolm Muggeridge, The Infernal Grove: Chronicles of Wasted Time, vol. 2, Fontana/Collins, 1975, p. 263.
33 Interview with Graham Greene, 25 April 1981.
34 Ibid.
35 Undated letter to his mother, June 1947.
36 Letter from Vivien Greene to Francis Greene, 12 October 1970.
37 Letter to his mother, 1 November 1948.
38 Robert Speaight, François Mauriac: A Study of the Writer and the Man, Chatto & Windus, 1976, p. 177.
39 Interview with Malcolm Muggeridge, May 1977.
40 Muggeridge, The Infernal Grove, p. 216.
41 Undated letter to Vivien Greene.
42 Muggeridge, The Infernal Grove, p. 262.
43 Powell, Faces in My Time, p. 199.
44 Ibid.
45 Ibid.
46 Letter from Robert Kee, 29 October 1946.
47 Undated letter to Anthony Powell, 1948.
48 Letter to his mother, 20 October 1944.
49 Ibid.
50 Ibid., undated, but probably early March 1947.
51
Ibid.
52 Ibid.
53 Both Vivien and ten-year-old Francis listened to the broadcast. Vivien felt her husband sounded ‘very sad’; their son thought his father’s words ‘were very well chosen!’ Ibid.
54 New York Times book review, 16 November 1947, p. 10, provided for author by Neil Brennan, Greene’s bibliographer.
55 Letter to Catherine Walston, 18 October 1947.
56 Letter to his mother, 20 August (year undated, but probably 1947).
57 Powell, Faces in My Time, pp. 198–9.
58 Ibid., p. 199.
59 Ibid., p. 201.
60 Ibid.
61 Malcolm Muggeridge, Like It Was: A Selection from the Diaries of Malcolm Muggeridge, ed. John Bright-Holmes, Collins, 1981, p. 298.
62 Ibid., p. 304. Entry for 25 October 1948.
63 Interview with Graham Greene, 25 April 1981.
64 Ibid.
65 Letter to Egon Hostovsky, 11 January 1949.
66 Letter from Anthony Powell, 12 November 1948.
67 Letter to Anthony Powell, 14 December 1948.
68 Letter from Sir Oliver Crosthwaite-Eyre, 4 March 1958.
69 Letter to Sir Oliver Crosthwaite-Eyre, March 1958.
70 Interview with Graham Greene, 21 April 1981.
15 The Unquiet Peace
1 Journal, 20 March 1945.
2 Undated letter to his mother.
3 Marie-Françoise Allain, The Other Man: Conversations with Graham Greene, Bodley Head, 1983, p. 157.
4 Archbishop of Canterbury’s address, 8 May 1945.
5 Angus Calder, The People’s War: Britain 1939–45, Pantheon, 1969, pp. 567–8.
6 Letter from Vivien Greene, May 1945.
7 Ibid., 10 May 1945.
8 Undated letter to his mother, May 1945.
9 The End of the Affair, Heinemann, 1951, p. 124.
10 Letter to his mother, 21 June 1945.
11 Interview with Vivien Greene, 26 July 1979.
12 Ibid.
13 Undated letter to Vivien Greene.
14 Spectator, 6 December 1940.
15 Letter to his mother, May 1945.
16 Ibid.
17 Alan Jenkins, The Forties, Heinemann, London, 1977, p. 60.
18 Sunday Times, September 1945.
19 Interview with Vivien Greene, 26 July 1979.
20 Undated letter to his mother.
21 Evening Standard, 22 June 1945.
22 Ibid., 13 July 1945.
23 Ibid., 17 August 1945.
24 Ibid.
25 Ibid., 31 August 1945.
26 Ibid., 10 August 1945.
27 Quoted in Michael Meyer, ‘Memories of George Orwell’, The World of George Orwell, ed. Miriam Gross, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1971, pp. 131–2.