Invisible Women
Page 35
51 http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/dressed-to-kill-us-army-finally-designs-a-female-uniform-that-fits-2274446.html
52 https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/may/14/military-pressed-to-design-line-of-women-friendly-/
53 https://www.tuc.org.uk/sites/default/files/PPEandwomenguidance.pdf
54 https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/voices/one-more-barrier-faced-by-women-in-science/
55 https://www.tuc.org.uk/sites/default/files/PPEandwomenguidance.pdf
56 https://www.wes.org.uk/sites/default/files/WES%20safety%20survey%20results%20March%202010.pdf
57 www.prospect.org.uk/news/id/2016/June/21/Women-workers-highlight-problems-with-ill-fitting-protective-equipment
58 https://www.tuc.org.uk/sites/default/files/2016–01299-Leaflet-booklet-Women%27s-PPE–One-Size-Does-Not-Fit-All-Version-26–09-2016%20%282%29.pdf
59 http://nycosh.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Women-in-Construction-final-11–8-13–2.pdf
60 http:www.prospect.org.uk/news/id/2016/June/21/Women-workers-highlight-problems-with-ill-fitting-protective-equipment
61 https://www.tuc.org.uk/sites/default/files/PPEandwomenguidance.pdf
62 theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/25/spain-guardia-civil-sexism-women-bulletproof-jackets?client=safari
63 theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/25/spain-guardia-civil-sexism-women-bulletproof-jackets?client=safari
64 https://www.tuc.org.uk/sites/default/files/PPEandwomenguidance.pdf
Chapter 6
1 Vogel, Sarah A. (2009), The Politics of Plastics: The Making and Unmaking of Bisphenol A ‘Safety’, American Journal of Public Health. 99:3, 559–566
2 http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/15/AR2008041501753.html
3 Vogel, Sarah A. (2009)
4 Ibid.
5 Ibid.
6 https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/11/nyregion/nail-salon-workers-innyc-face-hazardous-chemicals.html; ‘Breast Cancer and Occupation: The Need for Action: APHA Policy Statement Number 20146, Issued November 18, 2014’, NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy
7 Vogel, Sarah A. (2009)
8 https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/10/nyregion/at-nail-salons-in-nycmanicurists-are-underpaid-and-unprotected.html
9 https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/10/nyregion/at-nail-salons-in-nycmanicurists-are-underpaid-and-unprotected.html
10 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/11/slavery-report-sounds-alarm-over-vietnamese-nail-bar-workers
11 https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jan/05/nail-bars-modern-slavery-discount-salons-booming-exploitation
12 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/11/slavery-report-sounds-alarm-over-vietnamese-nail-bar-workers
13 https://www.tuc.org.uk/sites/default/files/the-gig-is-up.pdf
14 https://www.tuc.org.uk/sites/default/files/Women_and_casualisation_0.pdf
15 https://www.ituc-csi.org/IMG/pdf/Women_8_march_EN.pdf
16 https://www.unison.org.uk/content/uploads/2014/06/On-line-Catalogue224222.pdf
17 https://www.unison.org.uk/content/uploads/2014/06/On-line-Catalogue224222.pdf
18 http://survation.com/women-on-low-paid-zero-hours-contracts-survationfor-fawcett-society/
19 https://www.tuc.org.uk/sites/default/files/the-gig-is-up.pdf
20 http://www.ucu.org.uk/media/6882/Zero-hours-contracts-a-UCU-briefing-Mar-14/pdf/ucu_zerohoursbriefing_mar14.pdf
21 https://www.hesa.ac.uk/files/pre-release/staff_1516_table_B.xlsx
22 Best, Kathinka, Sinell, Anna, Heidingsfelder, Marie Lena and Schraudner, Martina (2016), ‘The gender dimension in knowledge and technology transfer – the German case’, European Journal of Innovation Management, 19:1, 2–25
23 A. Hellum and H. Aasen (eds.) (2013), Women’s Human Rights: CEDAW in International, Regional and National Law (Studies on Human Rights Conventions) (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge)
24 https://www.oecd.org/japan/japan-improving-the-labour-market-outcomes-of-women.pdf
25 https://krueger.princeton.edu/sites/default/files/akrueger/files/katz_krueger_cws_-_march_29_20165.pdf
26 TUC (2017), ‘The gig is up’, https://www.tuc.org.uk/sites/default/files/thegig-is-up.pdf
27 Rubery, Jill, Grimshaw, Damian and Figueiredo, Hugo (2005), ‘How to close the gender pay gap in Europe: towards the gender mainstreaming of pay policy’, Industrial Relations Journal, 36:3, 184–213
28 https://www.tuc.org.uk/sites/default/files/Women_and_casualisation.pdf
29 Ibid.
30 Ibid.
31 Ibid.
32 https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/08/13/us/starbucks-workers-scheduling-hours.html
33 Ibid.
34 https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/es_121917_the51percent_ebook.pdf
35 https://www.ituc-csi.org/IMG/pdf/women.pdf; https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmwomeq/725/72504.htm
36 https://www.tuc.org.uk/sites/default/files/Women_and_casualisation.pdf
37 http://endviolence.un.org/pdf/pressmaterials/unite_the_situation_en.pdf
38 http://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/2054525/young-chinese-women-dare-say-no-workplace-sexual-harassment-says
39 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19862867
40 https://www.tuc.org.uk/sites/default/files/SexualHarassmentreport2016.pdf
41 https://www.elephantinthevalley.com/
42 Brophy, James T., Keith, Margaret M. and Hurley, Michael (2018), ‘Assaulted and Unheard: Violence Against Healthcare Staff’, NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy, 27:4, 581–606
43 Ibid.
44 https://www.tuc.org.uk/sites/default/files/SexualHarassmentreport2016.pdf; https://qz.com/931653/indias-long-history-with-sexual-harassment-at-work-places/; http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/predators-atthe-workplace-india-inc-yet-to-commit-to-law-against-sexual-harassment/articleshow/57830600.cms; http://indianexpress.com/article/india/38-per-cent-women-say-they-faced-sexual-harassment-at-workplace-survey-4459402/; https://today.yougov.com/news/2017/04/25/nearly-third-women-have-been-sexually-harassed-work/; https://www.theguardian.com/money/2016/jul/22/sexual-harassment-at-work-roger-ailes-fox-news; https://www.elephantinthevalley.com/; https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/system/files/hwn_full_survey_results_may_2016.pdf
45 https://www.theguardian.com/money/2016/jul/22/sexual-harassment-at-work-roger-ailes-fox-news; https://www.elephantinthevalley.com/; https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/system/files/hwn_full_survey_results_may_2016.pdf;
46 https://www.tuc.org.uk/sites/default/files/SexualHarassmentreport2016.pdf
47 https://hbr.org/2014/10/hacking-techs-diversity-problem; https://hbr.org/2008/06/stopping-the-exodus-of-women-in-science
Chapter 7
1 https://blog.oup.com/2013/06/agriculture-gender-roles-norms-society/
2 Ibid.
3 Sağiroğlu, İsa, Kurt, Cem, Ömürlü, İmran Kurt and Çatikkaş, Fatih (2017), ‘Does Hand Grip Strength Change With Gender? The Traditional Method vs. the Allometric Normalisation Method’, European Journal of Physical Education and Sports Science, 2:6, 84–93
4 Leyk, D., Gorges, W., Ridder, D., Wunderlich, M., Ruther, T., Sievert, A. and Essfeld, D. (2007), ‘Hand-grip strength of young men, women and highly trained female athletes’, European Journal of Applied Physiology, 99, 415–21
5 Lewis, D. A., Kamon, E. and Hodgson, J. L. (1986), ‘Physiological Differences Between Genders Implications for Sports Conditioning’, Sports Medicine, 3, 357–69; Rice, Valerie J. B., Sharp, Marilyn A., Tharion, William J. and Williamson, Tania L. (1996), ‘The effects of gender, team size, and a shoulder harness on a stretcher-carry task and post-carry performance. Part II. A mass-casualty simulation’, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 18, 41–9; Miller, A. E., MacDougall, J. D., Tarnopolsky, M. A. and Sale, D. G. (1993), ‘Gender differences in strength and muscle fiber characteristic’, European Journal of Appl
ied Physiology, 66:3, 254–62
6 Lewis et al. (1986)
7 Zellers, Kerith K. and Hallbeck, M. Susan (1995), ‘The Effects of Gender, Wrist and Forearm Position on Maximum Isometric Power Grasp Force, Wrist Force, and their Interactions’, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 39:10, 543–7; Bishu, Ram R., Bronkema, Lisa A, Garcia, Dishayne, Klute, Glenn and Rajulu, Sudhakar (1994), ‘Tactility as a function of Grasp force: effects of glove, orientation, pressure, load and handle’, NASA technical paper 3474 May 1994; Puh, Urška (2010), ‘Age-related and sex-related differences in hand and pinch grip strength in adults’, International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 33:1
8 https://www.ft.com/content/1d73695a-266b-11e6-8b18-91555f2f4fde
9 Leyk et al. (2007)
10 Alesina, Alberto F., Giuliano, Paola and Nunn, Nathan (2011), ‘On the Origins of Gender Roles: Women and the Plough’, Working Paper 17098, National Bureau of Economic Research (May 2011)
11 Ibid.
12 Gella, A. A., Tadele, Getnet (2014), ‘Gender and farming in Ethiopia: an exploration of discourses and implications for policy and research’, FAC Working Paper, Future Agricultures, 84:15
13 http://www.fao.org/3/a-am309e.pdf; http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/Blogs/makingwaves/international-womens-day-2017-change/blog/58902/; https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/oct/16/world-food-day-10-myths-hunger; http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/climate_change_gender.pdf
14 Doss, Cheryl (2011), ‘If women hold up half the sky, how much of the world’s food do they produce?’, ESA Working Paper No. 11, Agricultural Development Economics Division, FAO
15 World Bank (2014), ‘Levelling the Field: Improving Opportunities for Women Farmers in Africa’
16 https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/15577/wps6436.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
17 Ibid.
18 https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/apr/07/leaving-women-girls-out-of-development-statistics-doesnt-add-up
19 Doss (2011)
20 Petrics, H. et al. (2015), ‘Enhancing the potential of family farming for poverty reduction and food security through gender-sensitive rural advisory services’, UN/FAO
21 Ibid.
22 Ibid.
23 Ibid.
24 https://www.gatesfoundation.org/What-We-Do/Global-Development/Agricultural-Development/Creating-Gender-Responsive-Agricultural-Development-Programs We receive some grant proposals that do not account for gender differences and do not consider how agricultural initiatives may benefit or hinder women or men.
25 http://data2x.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/What-Is-Wrong-with-Data-on-Women-and-Girls_November-2015_WEB_1.pdf
26 Petrics et al. (2015)
27 http://people.brandeis.edu/~nmenon/Draft04_Womens_Empowerment_and_Economic_Development.pdf
28 https://docs.gatesfoundation.org/documents/gender-responsive-orientation-document.pdf
29 Doss (2011)
30 http://www.poverty-action.org/study/demand-nontraditional-cookstoves-bangladesh
31 http://greenwatchbd.com/70000-improved-stoves-distributed-to-combat-indoor-pollution/
32 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412016307358
33 Crewe, Emma et al. (2015), ‘Building a Better Stove: The Sri Lanka Experience’, Practical Action, Sri Lanka
34 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412016307358
35 Ibid.
36 Ibid.; https://www.unicef.org/health/files/health_africamalaria.pdf
37 http://greenwatchbd.com/70000-improved-stoves-distributed-to-combat-indoor-pollution/
38 https://www.unicef.org/environment/files/Bangladesh_Case_Study_2014.pdf
39 http://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2012/4/green-cook-stoves-improving-women-s-lives-in-ghana#sthash.IZM4RsCG.dpuf
40 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412016307358
41 Crewe, Emma (1997), ‘The Silent Traditions of Developing Cooks’, in R. D. Grillo and R. L. Stirrat (eds.), Discourses of Development, Oxford
42 Ibid.
43 http://www.gender-summit.eu/images/Reports/Gender_and_inclusive_innovation_Gender_Summit_report.pdf
44 http://www.unwomen.org/-/media/headquarters/attachments/sections/library/publications/2014/unwomen_surveyreport_advance_16oct.pdf?vs=2710
45 Fatema, Naureen (2005), ‘The Impact of Structural Gender Differences and its Consequences on Access to Energy in Rural Bangladesh’, Asia Sustainable and Alternative Energy Program (ASTAE), Energy Wing of the World Bank Group
46 Crewe (1997), in Grillo and Stirrat (eds.)
47 http://www.washplus.org/sites/default/files/bangladesh-consumer_preference2013.pdf
48 http://answers.practicalaction.org/our-resources/item/building-a-better-stove-the-sri-lanka-experience#
49 Crewe (1997), in Grillo and Stirrat (eds.)
50 http://www.ideasrilanka.org/PDFDownloads/Cook%20Stoves%20in%20Sri%20LAnka.pdf
51 http://www.gender-summit.eu/images/Reports/Gender_and_inclusive_innovation_Gender_Summit_report.pdf
52 http://www.gender-summit.eu/images/Reports/Gender_and_inclusive_innovation_Gender_Summit_report.pdf
53 http://www.poverty-action.org/study/demand-nontraditionalcookstoves-bangladesh
54 https://www.se4all-africa.org/fileadmin/uploads/se4all/Documents/Abidjan_workshop_2016/SE_gender_GACC.PDF
55 https://news.yale.edu/2012/06/29/despite-efforts-change-bangladeshi-women-prefer-use-pollution-causing-cookstoves
56 Petrics et al. (2015)
57 http://answers.practicalaction.org/our-resources/item/building-abetter-stove-the-sri-lanka-experience#
58 https://www.se4all-africa.org/fileadmin/uploads/se4all/Documents/Abidjan_workshop_2016/SE_gender_GACC.PDF
59 https://www.thesolutionsjournal.com/article/how-a-simple-inexpensive-device-makes-a-three-stone-hearth-as-efficient-as-an-improved-cookstove/
60 Parigi, Fabio, Viscio, Michele Del, Amicabile, Simone, Testi, Matteo, Rao, Sailesh, Udaykumar, H. S. (2016), ‘High efficient Mewar Angithi stove testing in rural Kenya’, 7th International Renewable Energy Congress (IREC)
61 http://www.green.it/mewar-angithi/
Chapter 8
1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5550584; http://www.who.int/gender/documents/Genderworkhealth.pdf; Boyle, Rhonda and Boyle, Robin (2009), ‘Hand Size and the Piano Keyboard. Literature Review and aSurvey of the Technical and Musical Benefits for Pianists using Reduced-Size Keyboards in North America’, 9th Australasian Piano Pedagogy Conference, Sydney; Boyle, Rhonda, Boyle, Robin and Booker, Erica (2015), ‘Pianist Hand Spans: Gender and Ethnic Differences and Implications For Piano Playing, 15th Australasian Piano Pedagogy Conference, Melbourne 2015
2 Boyle, Boyle and Booker (2015); Boyle and Boyle (2009)
3 Boyle, Boyle and Booker (2015)
4 Ibid.
5 Ibid.
6 http://www.smallpianokeyboards.org/hand-span-data.html
7 ‘Small hands? Try this Keyboard, You’ll Like It’, Piano & Keyboard Magazine (July/August 1998)
8 Boyle, Boyle and Booker (2015)
9 https://deviceatlas.com/blog/most-popular-smartphone-screen-sizes-2017
10 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/apple/iphone/11335574/Women-more-likely-to-own-an-iPhone-than-men.html
11 https://medium.com/technology-and-society/its-a-mans-phone-a26c6-bee1b69#.mk7sjtewi
12 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013702515300270
13 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1050641108001909
14 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013702515300270
15 http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0169814115300512/1-s2.0-S0169814115300512-main.pdf?_tid=4235fa34-f81e-11e6-a430-00000aab0f26&acdnat=1487672132_c2148a0040def1129abc7acffe03e57d
16 Ibid.
17 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169814116300646; http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0003687011000962/1-s2.0-S000368701
1000962-main.pdf?_tid=f0a12b58-f81d-11e6-af6b-00000aab0f26&acdnat=1487671995_41cfe19ea98e87fb7e3e693bdddaba6e; http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1050641108001909
18 https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2016/7/14/12187580/keecok1-hexagon-phone-for-women
19 https://www.theguardian.com/technology/askjack/2016/apr/21/can-speech-recognition-software-help-prevent-rsi
20 https://makingnoiseandhearingthings.com/2016/07/12/googles-speech-recognition-has-a-gender-bias/
21 http://blog-archive.griddynamics.com/2016/01/automatic-speech-recognition-services.html
22 https://www.autoblog.com/2011/05/31/women-voice-command-systems/
23 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27435949
24 American Roentgen Ray Society (2007), ‘Voice Recognition Systems Seem To Make More Errors With Women’s Dictation’, ScienceDaily, 6 May 2007; Rodger, James A. and Pendharkar, Parag C. (2007), ‘A field study of database communication issues peculiar to users of a voice activated medical tracking application’, Decision Support Systems, 43:1 (1 February 2007), 168–80, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2006.08.005.
25 American Roentgen Ray Society (2007)
26 http://techland.time.com/2011/06/01/its-not-you-its-it-voice-recognition-doesnt-recognize-women/
27 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2994697/
28 http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P08-1044
29 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2790192/
30 http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P08-1044
31 http://groups.inf.ed.ac.uk/ami/corpus/; http://www1.icsi.berkeley.edu/Speech/papers/gelbart-ms/numbers/; http://www.voxforge.org/
32 http://www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk/corpus/index.xml?ID=intro
33 http://www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk/docs/URG/BNCdes.html#body.1_div.1_div.5_div.1
34 https://corpus.byu.edu/bnc/5
35 For example: he = 633,413, she = 350,294, himself = 28,696, herself = 15,751
36 He = 3,825,660, she = 2,002,536, himself = 140,087, herself = 70,509
37 Chang, K., Ordonez, V., Wang, T., Yatskar, M. and Zhao, J. (2017), ‘Men Also Like Shopping: Reducing Gender Bias Amplification using Corpus-level Constraints’, CoRR, abs/1707.09457.
38 https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015–04/uow-wac040915.php