by Spence,Lewis
probably represent early Maya efforts at colonisation, 147
HUATENAY. River in Peru; runs through the Intipampa at Cuzco, 261
HUATHIACURI. A hero, son of Paricaca; a myth of, 324–326
HUATULCO. Place in Mexico; Toltecs at, 12
HUEHUEQUAUHTITLAN. Place in Mexico; Quetzalcoatl at, 64
HUEHUETEOTL (Oldest of Gods). A name of the Mexican fire-god, 95
HUEHUE TLAPALLAN (Very Old Tlapallan). In Toltec creation-myth, 119
HUEHUETZIN. Toltec chieftain; rebels against Acxitl, 18, 19
HUEMAC II. Toltec king, 15, 16;
abdicates, 17;
opposes Huehuetzin, 19
HUEXOTZINCO. Mexican city, 48, 49
HUEXOTZINCOS. Aztec tribe, 233
HUEYMATZIN (Great Hand). Toltec necromancer and sage, 14;
reputed author of the Teo-Amoxtli, 46;
and Quetzalcoatl, 84
HUEYTOZOZTLI (The Great Watch). Festival of Chicomecohuatl, 86
HUICHAANA. Zapotec deity; in creation-myth, 121, 122
HUILLCAMAYU (Huillca-river). River in Peru; regarded as an oracle, 296
HUILLCANUTA. Place in Peru, 311
HUILLCAS. Sacred objects of the nature of oracles, in Peru, 296
HUITZILIMITZIN. In the story of the vicious princess, 130
HUITZILOPOCHO. Mexican city, 50
HUITZILOPOCHTLI (Humming-bird to the Left). Aztec god of war, originally a chieftain, 28, 70;
and the foundation of Mexico, 28;
the great temple of, at Mexico, 30, 31;
plots against the Toltecs and Quetzalcoatl, 60;
and the legend of the amusing infant and the pestilence, 63–64;
myth of the origin of, 70–72;
associated with the serpent and the humming-bird, 72–73;
as usually represented, 73;
associated with the gladiatorial stone, 73;
as Mexitli, 74;
as serpent-god of lightning, associated with the summer, 74;
in connection with Tlaloc, 74;
the Toxcatl festival of, 74;
the priesthood of, 75;
in connection with the legend of the sacrificed princess, 124
HUN-APU (Master, or Magician). A hero-god, twin with Xbalanque; in a Kiche myth, 211–219;
in the myth in the second book of the Popol Vuh, 220, 223–227;
mentioned, 237
HUN-CAME. One of the rulers of Xibalba, the Kiche Hades, 220, 221, 224
HUNABKU. God of the Maya, representing divine unity, 171
HUNAC EEL. Ruler of the Cocomes, 155
HUNBATZ. Son of Hunhun-Apu, 220, 222, 223
HUNCHOUEN. Son of Hunhun-Apu, 220, 222, 223
HUNHUN-APU. Son of Xpiyacoc and Xmucane; in the myth in the second book of the Popol Vuh, 220–222, 224, 225, 227
HUNPICTOK (Commander-in-Chief of Eight Thousand Flints). The palace of, at Itzamal, 187–188
HUNSA. City at which the Zoque of the Chibchas lived, 276
HURAKAN (The One-legged). Maya god of lightning;
prototype of Tlaloc, 76, 78;
the mustachioed image of, at Itzamal, 188;
= the mighty wind, in the Kiche story of the creation, 209;
and the creation of man in the second book of the Popol Vuh, 229–230;
probably same as Nahua Tezcatlipoca, 237;
his sub-gods, 237
I
ICUTEMAL. Ruler of the Kiche, 159
ILHUICATLAN (In the Sky). Column in temple at Mexico, connected with the worship of the planet Venus, 96
ILLATICI (The Thunder Vase). Peruvian deity representing the thunderstorm, 301
INCA ROCA. Sixth Inca, 283
INCAS (People of the Sun). The Peruvian ruling race; a composite people, 254;
place of origin, 254;
inferior to the Mexicans in general culture, 248;
mythology of, 255–258, 317–327;
character of their civilisation, 259;
no personal freedom, 260;
age of marriage, 260;
their system of mummification, 262–264;
severity of their legal code, 264;
social system, 264–265;
calendar, 265–266;
religious festivals, 267;
architecture, 268–269;
architectural remains, 270–273;
irrigation works, 273;
possessed no system of writing, 278;
the quipos, 278–279;
as craftsmen, 279–281;
the pottery of, 280–281;
period and extent of their dominion, 281–282;
fusion of the constituent peoples, 285–286;
splitting of the race, 286;
their despotism, 290;
religion of, 291;
sun-worship of, 307–313
INCAS. The rulers of Peru, 282–290;
the Inca the representative of the sun, 260;
unlimited power of, 260;
the moon the mythic mother of the dynasty, 262
INTI-HUASI. Building sacred to the sun in Peruvian villages, 308
INTIHUATANA. Inca device for marking the date of the sun-festivals, 265
INTIP RAYMI (Great Feast of the Sun). Peruvian festival, 267, 311–312
INTIPAMPA (Field of the Sun). Garden in which the Coricancha of Cuzco stood, 260–261
IPALNEMOHUANI (He by whom Men Live). Mexican name of the sun-god, 97
IQI-BALAM (Tiger of the Moon). One of the first men of the Popol Vuh myth, 229, 230
IRMA. District in Peru; local creation-myth of, 258–259
ITZAES. A warlike race, founders of Chichen-Itza, 153
ITZAMAL. Maya city-state in Yucatan, 8, 152, 154;
ruins at, 187–188
ITZAMNA. Maya moon-god, father of gods and men, tutelar of the west, 170;
founder of the state of Itzamal, 152;
God D probably is, 173;
the temple of, at Itzamal, 187;
called also Kab-ul (The Miraculous Hand), 187;
the gigantic image of, at Itzamal, 188
IX. A minor Maya deity, 170
IX CHEBEL YAX. Maya goddess; identified with Virgin Mary by Hernandez, 170
IX CH’EL. Maya goddess of medicine, 170
IXCOATL. Mexican king, 35
IXCUINAME. Mexican goddesses of carnal things, 108
IXTLILTON (The Little Black One). Mexican god of medicine and healing, 112;
called brother of Macuilxochitl, 112
IXTLILXOCHITL, DON FERNANDO DE ALVA. Mexican chronicler, 11, 46;
account of the early Toltec migrations, 11, 12;
and myths of the Toltecs, 13;
reference to the Teo-Amoxtli, 45;
his Historia Chichimeca and Relaciones, 46, 58;
his value as historian, 46;
legend of the creation related by, 119–120
IZIMIN CHAC. The image of Cortés’ horse, 195
IZPUZTEQUE. Demon in the Mexican Other-world, 38
IZTACMIXCOHUATL. Father of Quetzalcoatl, 79
J
JAGUAR-SNAKE. Mixtec deer-goddess; in creation-myth, 120
JALISCO. Mexican province; cliff-dwellings in, 24, 25
K
KABAH. Maya city; ruins at, 190–191
KAB-UL (The Miraculous Hand). Name given to Itzamna, 187
KAKCHIQUEL dialect, 145
KAKCHIQUELS. A Maya people of Guatemala, 157–159;
and the episode of the defeat of Cay Hun-Apu, 159
“KAMUCU” (We see). The song of the Kiche at the first appearance of the sun, and at death of the first men, 232
KAN. A minor Maya deity, 170
KANIKILAK. Indian deity, 83, 84
KI PIXAB (Corner of the Earth). Name given by the Kiche to their land of origin, 254
KICHE. A Maya people of Guatemala, 157–159;
their rulers supreme in Guatemala, 158;
their story of the creation as related
in the Popol Vuh, 209;
origin of, as related in the Popol Vuh, 229–230;
fond of ceremonial dances and chants, 238
KICHE (or QUICHE) dialect, 145, 209;
the Popol Vuh originally written in, 207, 209
“KINGDOM OF THE GREAT SNAKE.” Semi-historical Maya empire, 144
KINICH-AHAU (Lord of the Face of the Sun). Same as Arara and Kinich-Kakmo. Sun-god of the Maya of Yucatan, tutelar of the north, 170
KINICH-KAKMO (Sun-bird).
I. Same as Kinich-ahau, which see.
II. The pyramid of, ruin at Itzamal, 187
KLAPROTH, H. J. VON. And the Fu Sang fallacy, 3
KNUC (Palace of Owls). Ruin at Aké, 186
KUICATECS. Aboriginal Mexican race, 24;
a medium through which Maya civilisation filtered to the north, 147
KUKULCAN. Maya form of Quetzalcoatl, 83, 167;
regarded as King of Mayapan, 152
KUMSNÖOTL. God of the Salish Indians, 83
L
LAMACAZTON (Little Priests). Lowest order of the Aztec priesthood, 116
LANDA, BISHOP. And the Maya alphabet, 161;
discovers the Maya numeral system, 165
“LANDS OF THE SUN.” Name given to Inca territories, 308
LANGUAGE. Mexican or Nahuan, 42–43, 342;
Mayan, 161, 342;
Peruvian, 342
LE PLONGEON, DR. AUGUSTUS. His theories as to the Maya, 239;
and the Maya hieroglyphs, 239;
his story of Queen Móo, 239–247
LEGUICANO, MANCIO SERRA DE. And the golden plate from the Coricancha, 262
LIYOBAA. Village near Mitla; mentioned by Father Burgoa, 204
LIZANA, FATHER. And the prophecy of Chilan Balam, 8
LLAMA. Importance of, among the Incas, 268
LLOQUE YUPANQUI. The third Inca, 283
LORILLARD. Maya city; architectural remains found at, 195
M
MACUILXOCHITL (or XOCHIPILLI) (Five-Flower, Source of Flowers). God of luck in gaming, 103;
Ixtlilton called brother of, 112
MADOC. The legend of, 5, 6
MAHACUTAH (The Distinguished Name). One of the first men of the Popol Vuh myth, 229, 230
MAIZE-GODS. Mexican, 85–91;
Peruvian, 295
MALLINALCAS. Aztec tribe, 233
MAMA OULLO HUACA. Wife of Manco Ccapac, 256
MAMA-COCHA (Mother-sea). Conception under which the Peruvians worshipped the sea, 306
MAMACOTA. Name given to Lake Titicaca by people of the Collao, 298
MAMACUNA. Matrons who had charge of the Acllacuna, in Peru, 313
MAMAPACHA (or PACHAMAMA). The Peruvian earth-goddess, 303
MAMAS (Mothers). Tutelary spirits of the maize and other plants in Peru, 295
MAMES. District in Guatemala, 158
MAN OF THE SUN. Quetzalcoatl as, 81;
other conceptions of, 83
MANCO. The Inca appointed by Pizarro; and an oracle, 302–303
MANCO CCAPAC.
I. Divine being, son of the Life-giver; sent to instruct the primitive Peruvians, 255–256;
a legend in connection with, 256.
II. The first Inca, identical with the foregoing, 282, 283;
regarded as son of the sun, 306;
a myth of, 320–321
MANI. Mexican city, founded by the Tutul Xius, 155
MANNIKINS. In the Kiche story of the creation related in the Popol Vuh, 209–210
MARKHAM, SIR CLEMENTS. On Inca architecture, 269
MATLATZINCAS. Aztec tribe, 233
MAXTLA.
I. King of the Tecpanecs; and Nezahualcoyotl, 125–128.
II. A noble; in the story of the vicious princess, 130
MAYA. The most highly civilised of ancient American peoples, 1, 143;
their culture erroneously stated to be of Asiatic origin, 1;
theory as to Toltec relationship, 143;
sphere of the civilisation, 144;
the nucleus of the civilisation, 144–145, 149;
the dialects, 145;
origin of the race, 145;
their civilisation self-developed, 143, 146;
blood and cultural relationships with Nahua, 146–147;
efforts at expansion, 147–148;
climatic influence on the civilisation and religion, 148;
sources of their history, 148–149;
division of the aristocratic and labouring classes, 150;
influence of the Nahua invasions, 151;
cleavage between Yucatan and Guatemala peoples, 151;
the Yucatec race, 151–152;
incidents in migration myths represent genuine experience, 152;
the race in Guatemala, 157;
the writing system, 159–166;
the manuscripts, 160–161;
the numeral system, 165;
the mythology, 166–169, 207–247;
the calendar, 38, 39, 169;
the pantheon, 168, 170–177;
architecture, 178–198;
relationship of the mythology to that of the Nahua, 166;
Dr. Le Plongeon’s theories as to, 239
MAYAPAN. City-state in Yucatan, 152;
rises into prominence, 153, 155;
overthrown by allies, 156
MAYTA CCAPAC. The fourth Inca, 283
MEAHŬAN, MOUNT. In the Kiche myth of Vukub-Cakix, 216
MEDICINE-MEN. Account of the methods of, among Peruvians, 314–315
METZTLI (or YOHUALTICITL) (The Lady of Night). Mexican goddess of the moon, 106;
in myth of Nanahuatl, 93, 106
MEXICATL TEOHUATZIN (Mexican Lord of Divine Matters). Head of the Aztec priesthood, 116
MEXICO.
I. The city; capital of the Aztecs, native name Tenochtitlan, 26, 47;
origin of the name, 73;
said to have been founded by Acolhuans, 26;
Huitzilopochtli and, 28, 73;
legends of the foundation of, 28–29;
at the period of the conquest, 29–30;
the annual “bloodless battle” with Tlascala, 48.
II. The state; the civilisation of, 1, 9;
possibly reached by early Norsemen, 5
MEXICO-TENOCHTITLAN. Native name of city of Mexico, 29
MEXITLI (Hare of the Aloes). A name of Huitzilopochtli, 74
MICTECACIUATL. Wife of Mictlan, 96
MICTLAN (or MICTLANTECUTLI) (Lord of Hades).
I. Mexican god of the dead and the underworld, 37, 76, 95–96;
God A probably identical with, 173.
II. The abode of the god Mictlan; Mitla identified with, 198.
III. Village mentioned by Torquemada, 199
MIGRATION MYTHS. Probably reflect actual migrations, 234–235
MITLA. Maya city, 31, 144;
ruins at, 197–198;
identified with Mictlan, the Mexican Hades, 198;
description of, by Father Torquemada, 199;
description of, by Father Burgoa, 199–206
MIXCOATL (Cloud Serpent). Aztec god of the chase, 110–111;
Camaxtli identified with, 111
MIXE. Aboriginal Mexican race, 24
MIXTECA. Aboriginal Mexican race, 23;
creation-myth of, 120–121;
a medium through which Maya civilisation passed north, 147
MOCHE. Place in Peru; sepulchral mound at, 271
MOHANES (or AGOREROS). Members of Peruvian tribes who claimed power as oracles, 297–298, 314
MONENEQUE (The Claimer of Prayer). A name of Tezcatlipoca, 67
MONTEZUMA II. Mexican emperor, native name Motequauhzoma; mentioned, 35, 44;
and the coming of Cortés, 7;
in the story of Tlalhuicole, 136–137;
in the story of Princess Papan, 139–142
MÓO, QUEEN. The story of, 239–247
MOON, THE. Mythic mother of the Inca dynasty, 262;
temple of
, at Cuzco, 261–262;
wife of the sun, in the mythology of the Chibchas, 276
MULUC. A minor Maya deity, 170
MUMMIFICATION. Among the Peruvians, 262–264
N
NADAILLAC, MARQUIS DE. Account of the use of quipos, 278–279
NAHUA (Those who live by Rule). Ancient Mexican race, 9;
civilisation, features in, and character of, 9, 146, 148;
compared with Oriental peoples, 10;
meaning of the name, 10;
place of origin, 10–11;
route of migrations to Mexico, 12;
theory of Toltec influence upon, 22;
and cliff-dwellers, 24–25;
territories occupied by, 25;
writing system of, 34–35;
calendric system of, 38–41;
language of, 42–43;
science of, 43;
form of government, 43–44;
domestic life of, 44–45;
distribution of the component tribes, 47;
authentic history of the nation, 48–53;
religion, 54;
Tezcatlipoca and, 67;
influence of the Maya civilisation upon, 147;
culture and religion influenced by climatic conditions, 148;
invade Maya territory, 150–151;
influence Maya cleavage, 151;
in the Maya conflict in Guatemala, 159;
the relationship of the mythology of, to that of the Maya, 166;
difference in sun-worship of, from Peruvian, 307–308
NAHUATLATOLLI. The Nahua tongue, 25
NANAHUATL (Poor Leper) (or NANAUATZIN). Mexican god of skin diseases, 93;
the myth of, 93;
Xolotl probably identical with, 93
NANAUATZIN. Same as Nanahuatl, which see
NANIHEHECATL. Form of Quetzalcoatl, 84
NATA. The Mexican Noah, 122–123
NAUHOLLIN (The Four Motions). Mexican sacrificial ceremonies, 99
NAUHYOTL. Toltec ruler of Colhuacan, 20
NEMONTEMI (unlucky days). In Mexican calendar, 39, 40
NENA. Wife of Nata, the Mexican Noah, 122–123
NEXIUHILPILITZTLI (binding of years). In Mexican calendar, 39, 40
NEXTEPEHUA. Fiend in the Mexican Other-world, 38
NEZAHUALCOYOTL (Fasting Coyote). King of Tezcuco; the story of, 125–128;
his enlightened rule, 128;
as a poet, 128;
his theology, 128;
and his son’s offence, 129;
his palace, 132;
his villa of Tezcotzinco, 133–136
NEZAHUALPILLI (The Hungry Chief).
I. A manifestation of Tezcatlipoca, 66.
II. Son of Nezahualcoyotl; story of his wife’s crime, 129–132;
