The Myths of Mexico & Peru (Illustrated) (Myths and Legends of the Ancient World Book 5)

by Spence,Lewis

  in the story of Princess Papan, 140

  NIMA-KICHE. The ancestor of the Kiche race; the legend of, 158

  NINXOR-CARCHAH. Place in Guatemala; mentioned in Popol Vuh myth, 224

  NITIÇAPOLOA. Ceremony connected with worship of Centeotl the son, 90

  NONOHUALCO. Place in Mexico; Tutul Xius may have come from, 153

  NORSEMEN. Voyages of the, to America, 5

  NUNNERY. The ruin at Chichen-Itza, 189–190

  O

  OBSEQUIES. In Peru; a description of, 316–317

  OCOSINGO. Ruined Maya city, 149

  OLLANTA. Inca chieftain; in the drama Apu-Ollanta, 251–253

  OLLANTAY-TAMPU. Prehistoric ruins at, 250–251;

  Apu-Ollanta, the drama legend of, 251–253

  OMACATL (Two Reeds). Mexican god of festivity, 112–113

  OMECIUATL. Mexican mother god of the human species, associated with Ometecutli, 103–104, 118;

  Xmucane the Kiche equivalent of, 236

  OMETECUTLI (Two-Lord). Father god of the human species, associated with Omeciuatl, 103–104, 118;

  Xpiyacoc the Kiche equivalent of, 236

  OMETOCHTLI.

  I. A pulque-god, 104.

  II. A day in the Mexican calendar, 105

  OPOCHTLI (The Left-handed). Mexican god of fishers and bird-catchers, 113–114

  ORACLES in Peru, 296–297;

  a legend connected with an oracle, 302–303

  OTOMI. Aboriginal Mexican race, 23, 25, 50

  OWEN, GUTTYN. Mentioned, 6

  OXFORD CODEX, 37

  P

  PAAPITI. Island on Lake Titicaca; Huaina Ccapac and the lake-goddess and, 299

  PACARI TAMPU (House of the Dawn). Place of origin of four brothers and sisters who initiated the systems of worship and civilised Peru, 305, 307

  PACAW. A sorcerer mentioned in Popol Vuh myth, 227

  PACCARISCAS. Holy places of origin of the Peruvian tribes, 292, 293, 305

  PACHACAMAC.

  I. The supreme divinity of the Incas, known also as Pacharurac, 257, 303–304;

  not a primitive conception, 257;

  in the local creation-myth of Irma, 258–259;

  the Ccapac Raymi the national festival of, 267;

  Yatiri the Aymara name for, 299;

  symbol of, in the Coricancha, 304;

  regarded as son of the sun, 306;

  daughters of, in the Coniraya myth, 323.

  II. Sacred city of the Incas, 310;

  ruins of, 273;

  in the Coniraya myth, 322

  PACHACAMAMA (Earth-Mother). Name given by the Incas to their conception of the earth, 257

  PACHACTA UNANCHAC. Inca device for determining the solstices, 265–266

  PACHACUTIC (or YUPANQUI PACHACUTIC) (He who changes the World). Ninth Inca; in the drama Apu-Ollanta, 251–252;

  defeats Hastu-huaraca, 282, 284–285;

  formerly known as Yupanqui, 285;

  his extensive dominion, 286;

  his achievements as ruler, 286–287;

  a man like the Mexican Nezahualcoyotl, 291;

  and the legend of the stones that turned into warriors, 294;

  and the thunder-god, 300;

  and the conception of the creator, 304;

  introduces sun-worship, 308;

  the vision of, 317–318

  PACHAMAMA (or MAMAPACHA) (Earth-Mother). The Peruvian earth-goddess, 303

  PACHARURAC. A name of Pachacamac, which see

  PACHAYACHACHIC. A form of Pachacamac, regarded as direct ruler of the universe, 299, 304;

  Viracocha called, 307

  “PALACE OF OWLS.” Ruin at Aké, 186

  PALACE, THE, at Palenque, 183–185

  PALENQUE. Maya city, 144, 149, 182–186;

  the Palace at, 183–185;

  Temple of Inscriptions at, 185;

  Temple of the Sun, 185;

  Temple of the Cross, 185;

  Temple of the Cross No. II, 186;

  “Tablet of the Cross” at, 161, 185–186

  PALPAN. Hill near Tollan; excavations at, 34

  PAPANTZIN. Sister of Montezuma II; the story of her return from the tomb, 139–142

  PAPAZTAC (The Nerveless). A pulque-god, 104

  PARIACACA.

  I. A name of the Peruvian thunder-god, 299–300;

  and the lake of Pariacaca, 300.

  II. The lake of, 300

  PARICACA. A hero, father of Huathiacuri; in the Huathiacuri myth, 324–326;

  in a flood-myth, 326–327;

  and the Choque Suso myth, 327

  PARIS (or TELLERIO-REMENSIS) CODEX, 37

  PATECATL. A pulque-god, 104

  “PATH OF THE DEAD, THE,” at Teotihuacan, 33

  PAYNE, E. J. On the origin of the Maya culture, 1;

  on the origin of the Nahua, 10;

  on the Toltecs, 21;

  on the Teoyaominqui fallacy, 88–90

  PERU. The civilisation of, 1, 248–290;

  the country, 248–249;

  the people, 253–255;

  the mythology, 255–259, 291–327;

  government, 259–260, 290;

  laws and customs, 264–265;

  the calendar, 265–266;

  the festivals, 267;

  architecture and architectural remains, 259, 268–273;

  irrigation works, 273;

  no writing or numeral system, 278;

  craftsmanship, 259, 279–281;

  history, 281–290;

  religion, 291–313;

  human sacrifice, 313

  PETEN-ITZA. Maya city, founded by a prince of Chichen-Itza, 156;

  the incident of Cortés and his horse at, 195–196;

  a city “filled with idols,” 196

  PETLAC. Place mentioned in myth of Huitzilopochtli’s origin, 72

  PIEDRAS NEGRAS. Ruined Maya city, 149

  “PIGEON HOUSE.” Ruin at Uxmal, 194

  PIGUERAO. Peruvian deity, brother of Apocatequil; in a creation-myth, 301

  PILLAN. Thunder-god of aborigines of Chile, analogous to Tlaloc, 78

  PILLCO-PUNCU. Door to be passed before reaching Rock of Titicaca, 311

  PINTURAS. Mexican hieroglyphs, or picture-writing, 7, 34–37

  PIPIL DIALECT, 145

  PIQUI-CHAQUI (Flea-footed). Servant of Ollanta, 251

  PISSAC. Ruined Inca fortress at, 250

  PITU SALLA. Guardian of Yma Sumac, 253

  PIZARRO, FRANCISCO. Conqueror of Peru, 255

  PIZARRO, PEDRO. Cousin of Francisco Pizarro, 262

  “PLACE OF FRUITS.” Valley in which Tollan stood, 14

  PLEIADES. Kiche myth of the origin of, 215

  POCOMAMS. District in Guatemala, 158

  POPOCATEPETL. The mountain; sacred to Tlaloc, 77

  POPOLCAN. Aboriginal Mexican race, 24

  “POPOL VUH” (The Collection of Written Leaves). A volume of Maya-Kiche mythology and history, 152, 157, 158;

  description, 207–209;

  genuine character, 208;

  probable date of composition, 235;

  antiquity, 236, 238;

  the gods and others mentioned in, 236–237;

  probably a metrical composition originally, 237–238.

  The first book:

  The creation, 209;

  the downfall of man, 209–210;

  story of Vukub-Cakix, 210–213;

  the undoing of Zipacna, 213–216;

  the overthrow of Cabrakan, 216–219;

  the creation-story probably the result of the fusion of several myths, 235.

  The second book:

  Hunhun-Apu and Vukub-Hunapu descend to the Underworld, 220–221;

  Hunhun-Apu and Xquiq, 222;

  birth and exploits of Hun-Apu and Xbalanque, 223–224;

  the hero-brothers in Xibalba, and the discomfiture of the Lords of Hell, 225–227;

  the conception in this book common to other mythologies, 228;

  the savage dread of
death probably responsible for the conception of its vanquishment, 228;

  other sources of the myth, 228.

  The third book:

  Man is created, 229;

  woman is created, 230;

  gods are vouchsafed to man, 230;

  Tohil provides fire, 230–231;

  the race is confounded in speech and migrates, 231;

  the sun appears, 231;

  death of the first men, 232;

  resemblance of the myth to those of other American peoples, 232;

  similarity of the migration-story to others, 233–234;

  probable origin of the migration-myth, 234–235.

  The fourth book, 238–239

  POTOSI. Peruvian city, 248

  POWEL. History of Wales, cited, 5

  POYAUHTECATL, MOUNT. In Quetzalcoatl myth, 65

  PPAPP-HOL-CHAC (The House of Heads and Lightnings). Ruin at Itzamal, 187

  PRIESTHOOD, MEXICAN, 114–117;

  power of, 114;

  beneficent ministrations of, 115;

  revenues of, 115;

  education conducted by, 115–116;

  orders of, 116;

  rigorous existence of, 116–117

  PUCARA. Peruvian fortress-city; leader in the Huanca alliance, 282

  PUEBLO INDIANS. Probably related to Nahua, 24

  PULQUE. The universal Mexican beverage, 45

  PULQUE-GODS, 104–105

  PUMA-PUNCU. Door to be passed before reaching Rock of Titicaca, 311

  PUMA-SNAKE. Mixtec deer-god; in creation-myth, 120

  PUMATAMPU. Place in Peru; Inca Roca defeats the Conti-suyu at, 283

  PURUNPACHA. The period after the deluge when there was no king, in Peru, 324

  PYRAMID OF SACRIFICE. Ruin at Uxmal, 194

  Q

  QUÄAQUA. Sun-god of the Salish Indians, 83

  QUACAMAYO BIRDS. In a myth of the Canaris Indians, 319

  QUAQUIUTL. Indian tribe, 83

  QUATLAPANQUI (The Head-splitter). A pulque-god, 104

  QUATAVITA, THE LAKE OF. The Chibchas and, 276

  QUAUHQUAUHTINCHAN (House of the Eagles). Sacrifice to the sun in, 99

  QUAUHTITLAN. Place mentioned in legend of Quetzalcoatl’s journey from Tollan, 64

  QUAUHXICALLI (Cup of the Eagles). Mexican sacrificial stone, 99, 100

  QUAUITLEUA. Festival of Tlaloc, 77

  QUAUITLICAC. In myth of Huitzilopochtli’s origin, 71, 72

  QUEMADA. Place in Mexico; cyclopean ruins at, 32

  QUENTI-PUNCU. Door to be passed before reaching Rock of Titicaca, 311

  QUETZALCOATL (“Feathered Serpent” or “Feathered Staff”). The Kukulcan of the Maya, god of the sun, the wind, and thunder, common to Mexican and Maya mythologies; Mexican legend of, 6–7;

  probably cognate with Yetl, 12;

  king of the Toltecs in Nahua myth, 21;

  Tezcatlipoca and, 60, 79;

  Huitzilopochtli, Tezcatlipoca, and Tlacahuepan plot against, 60;

  quits Tollan and proceeds to Tlapallan, 64–65, 79;

  probably a god of pre-Nahua people, 78;

  “Father of the Toltecs,” 79;

  enlightened sway as ruler of Tollan, 79;

  consequences of his exile, 79;

  legend of, in connection with the morning star, 80, 96;

  whether rightly considered god of the sun, 80;

  conception of, as god of the air, 80;

  as wind-god and god of fire and light, 80–81;

  whether originating from a “culture-hero,” 81;

  the “St. Thomas” idea, 81;

  as Man of the Sun, 81–82;

  as usually represented, 82;

  regarded as a liberator, 82;

  various conceptions of, 82–84, 167;

  probable northern origin, 83;

  Hueymatzin and, 84;

  the worship of, 84–85;

  the priesthood of, 116;

  place in the Mexican calendar, 122;

  vogue among Maya, 144, 167;

  regarded as foreign to the soil in Mexico, 167;

  differences in the Maya and Nahua conceptions of, 167;

  called Kukulcan by the Maya, 167;

  called Gucumatz in Guatemala, 167, 236;

  God B probably is, 173

  QUETZALPETLATL. Female counterpart of Quetzalcoatl, 79

  QUICHE. Same as Kiche, which see

  QUICHUA. Peruvian race, 254–255;

  fusion of, with Aymara, 285–286

  QUICHUA-AYMARA. The Inca race. See Incas

  QUICHUA CHINCHAY-SUYU. One of the four racial divisions of ancient Peru, 255

  QUINAMES. Earth-giants; in Toltec creation-myth, 120

  QUINEVEYAN. Grotto, mentioned in Aztec migration-myth, 233

  QUINUAMAMA. Guardian spirit of the quinua plant, in Peru, 295

  QUIPOS. Cords used by the Incas for records and communications, 278–279;

  account of the use of, by the Marquis de Nadaillac, 278–279

  QUITO. Sometime centre of the northern district of Peru, 286, 289

  R

  RAXA-CAKULHA. A sub-god of Hurakan, 237

  RELIGION.

  I. Of the Nahua, 54–55;

  the worship of one god, 58–59.

  II. Of the Peruvians, 291;

  inferior to the Mexican, 248;

  the legend relating to the evolution of, 305–306

  RIOPAMPA. Sometime centre of the northern district of Peru, 286

  ROSNY, LÉON DE. Research on the Maya writing by, 161–162

  RUMI-ÑAUI. Inca general; in the drama Apu-Ollanta, 252–253

  S

  SACRIFICE, HUMAN. In connection with Teotleco festival, 69;

  with Toxcatl festival, 69–70;

  with Tlaloc, 76–77;

  displaced by “substitution of part for whole,” 85, 116;

  in the Xalaquia festival, 87;

  in connection with Xipe, 92;

  Xolotl the representative of, 93;

  in worship of the planet Venus, 96;

  in sun-worship, 98–100, 101;

  the keynote of Nahua mythology, 166;

  among the Maya, 166;

  at Mitla, described by Father Burgoa, 202–203;

  among the Chibchas, 276;

  in Peru, 313

  SACRIFICED PRINCESS, the legend of the, 123–124

  SACSAHUAMAN. Inca fortress; the ruins of, 250;

  built by Pachacutic, 287

  SAHAGUN, FATHER BERNARDINO. His work on Mexican lore, 56–57;

  account of the Teotleco festival, 68–69;

  account of a confession ceremony, 106–108

  SALISH INDIANS, 83

  “SALVADOR,” THE. A curious Inca vase, 281

  SAN CARLOS. The University of, in Guatemala; the lost Popol Vuh found in, 207

  SAN LORENZO. Village; in a myth of Paricaca, 327

  SARAMAMA. Guardian spirit of the maize plant, in Peru, 295

  SCHELLHAS, DR. And the Maya writing, 162;

  and names of the Maya deities, 168

  SCHERZER, DR. C. Finds the lost Popol Vuh, 207

  SEA. Worshipped by the Peruvians as Mama-cocha, 306

  SELER, DR. On Quetzalcoatl, 80–81;

  on Xolotl, 93–94;

  and the Maya writing, 162, 164;

  on God K, 175–176;

  on God P, 177;

  on Mitla and the origin of the American race, 198

  SERPENT. Varied significance of the, 72, 74, 76;

  association of Huitzilopochtli with, 72–73;

  associated with the bird, 73

  SEVEN CAVERNS. Myth of the, 123

  SIERRA NEVADA (Mountain of Snow). In legend of Quetzalcoatl’s migration, 65

  SINCHI ROCA (Wise Chief). The second Inca, 283

  SKINNER, J. Account of the discovery of a wooden cross, 274–275;

  on mohanes, 297–298;

  account of the methods of medicine men in Peru, 314–315;

  account of obsequies among a Peru
vian tribe, 315–317

  SLÄALEKAM. Sun-god of the Salish Indians, 83

  SONDOR-HUASI. An Inca building bearing a thatched roof, 269

  SOTO, HERNANDO DE. Mentioned, 7

  SQUIER, E. G. On the Coricancha, 261

  STEPHENS, J. L. Legend of the dwarf related by, 192–194;

  story of the unknown city, 195

  STONES, WORSHIP OF, in Peru, 292–293

  SUAREZ. Lorillard City discovered by, 195

  SUN. Prophecy as to coming of white men from, 7;

  symbolised as a serpent by Hopi Indians, 82;

  pictured as abode of Quetzalcoatl, 82;

  “father” of Totonacs, 82;

  Quaquiutl myth respecting, 83–84;

  worship of the, in Mexico, 97–102;

  the supreme Mexican deity, 97;

  the heart his special sacrifice, 97;

  blood his especial food, 98;

  destruction of successive suns, 98;

  human sacrifice to, in Mexico, 98–100;

  as god of warriors, 99;

  conception of the warrior’s after-life with, 101;

  the feast of Totec, the chief Mexican festival of, 101–102;

  the supreme Maya deity, 171;

  in Inca creation-myth, 258, 305;

  in the mythology of the Chibchas, 276;

  worship of, in Peru, 306, 307–313;

  the possessions of, and service rendered to, 308–309;

  and the Rock of Titicaca, 309–311;

  especially worshipped by the aged, 310;

  the Intip-Raymi festival of, 311–312;

  the Citoc-Raymi festival, 312–313;

  human sacrifice to, in Peru, 313

  SUNRISE, LAND OF. In early American belief, 6

  “SUNS,” THE FOUR. In Aztec theology, 55

  SUSUR-PUGAIO. A fountain; and the vision of Yupanqui, 318

  T

  TABASCO. Same as Tlapallan, which see

  “TABLET OF THE CROSS,” 161, 185–186

  TANCAH. Maya city, 8

  TAPAC-YAURI. The royal sceptre of the Incas, 321

  TARAHUMARE. Mexican tribe; and cliff-dwellings, 25

  TARMA. Place in Peru; Huanca defeated at, 285

  TARPUNTAITA-CUMA. Incas who conducted sacrifice, 311

  TATA (Our Father). A name of the Mexican fire-god, 95

  TAYASAL. Maya city, 196

  TEATLAHUIANI. A pulque-god, 104

  TECPANECS. Confederacy of Nahua tribes, 26, 50;

  significance of the name, 26, 50;

  rivals of the Chichimecs, 27;

  of Huexotzinco, defeated by Tlascaltecs, 49;

  Aztecs allies of, 51;

  growth of their empire, 51;

  conquer Tezcuco and Chichimecs, 51