Agent Sonya
Page 40
“Miss Bagot seems to have highlighted”: Close, Trinity.
“Bagot had been on SONIA’s [sic] trail”: Paul Monk: https://quadrant.org.au/magazine/2010/04/christopher-andrew-and-the-strange-case-of-roger-hollis/.
“On 4 September, U. Kuczynski”: For the Quebec Agreement debate, see ibid.; Pincher, Treachery; Lota, GRU i atomnaia bomba; Antony Percy at www.coldspur.com.
“Sooner or later there will be”: Tolstoy, Victims of Yalta.
“He is about 5 foot 10 inches”: Hornblum, The Invisible Harry Gold.
20. OPERATION HAMMER
The best account of the Tool missions is Gould, German Anti-Nazi Espionage in the Second World War. See also Persico, Piercing the Reich; and CIA Library, https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol46no1/article03.html.
American intelligence records of the missions are retained by the U.S. National Archives (USNA): OSS Record Group 226. See also OSS War Diary, vol. 6, 421–56.
Interviews with Hammer agents in 1953 by GDR investigative commission are in the Archives of the Political Parties and Mass Organizations of the GDR [SAPMO]: DY 30/IV 2/4/123, BL 123–282.
“uncomfortable in inexpensive suits and neckties”: Persico, Piercing the Reich.
“undoubtedly a lifelong communist”: Karl Kastro’s (Erich Henschke) MI5 file, TNA KV 2/3908.
“Excitement made him snort”: Dunlop, Donovan.
“those who make use”: Kuczynski’s MI5 files, TNA KV 2/1871–1880.
For United States Strategic Bombing Survey records, see http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/USSBS/.
“I have never met anyone”: Matthews, An Impeccable Spy.
21. RUSTLE OF SPRING
“no longer follow”: See SAPMO archives, DY 30/IV 2/4/123, BL 123–282.
“Only the most courageous”: USNA, OSS Record Group 226.
“One of the good things”: Werner, Ein ungewöhnliches Mädchen.
“the campus of a huge university”: Close, Trinity.
“a new weapon”: Putz, “What If the United States Had Told the Soviet Union about the Bomb?”
22. GREAT ROLLRIGHT
Descriptions of life in Great Rollright are from Werner, Sonya’s Report; Blankenfeld, Die Tochter bin ich; and interviews with Michael Hamburger and Peter Beurton.
“That’s what I have become”: Hamburger, Zehn Jahre Lager.
“The FBI are being singularly persistent”: See the Beurtons’ MI5 files, TNA KV 6/41–45.
“splintering crash”: Foote, Handbook for Spies.
“complete lack of nerves”: Foote’s MI5 files, TNA KV 2/1611–1616.
“In front of him stood”: Werner, Sonya’s Report.
“Except knitting”: For MI5’s pursuit of Ursula and the Kuczynskis, see Brinson and Dove, A Matter of Intelligence.
23. A VERY TOUGH NUT
“Oh my little boy”: Werner, Sonya’s Report.
“I have a bit of good news”: Hamburger’s MI5 files, TNA KV 2/1610.
“gracefully bowed himself out”: The Skardon interview is in the Beurtons’ MI5 files, TNA KV 6/41–45.
“A dapper, pipe-smoking former policeman”: Wright, Spycatcher.
“upper class bluster”: Close, Trinity.
“the principal apologist for communist China”: Price, The Lives of Agnes Smedley.
“Foreigners are leaving China”: Intercepted letter in the Beurtons’ MI5 files, TNA KV 6/41–45.
“During the whole day”: Blankenfeld, Die Tochter bin ich.
“If I felt low”: Werner, Sonya’s Report.
“We have evidence”: Raymond H. Geselbracht, ed., “The Truman Administration during 1949: A Chronology,” Harry S. Truman Library.
“Stout is not so good”: Close, Trinity; see also Fuchs’s MI5 files, TNA KV 2/1245–1270.
“We were never allowed”: http://www.greathead.org/greathead2-o/Sonia.htm.
24. RUTH WERNER
Ursula’s Stasi files are Bfs HA IX/11 FV 98/66 Bd 19.
“bolted back to Germany in 1947”: Pincher, Treachery.
“I wanted to live as a citizen”: Werner, Sonya’s Report.
“spent twenty years abroad”: Bfs HA IX/11 FV 98/66 Bd 19.
“These persons are likely to possess”: For MI6’s efforts to recruit the Kuczynskis, see Stibbe, “Jürgen Kuczynski and the Search for a (Non-existent) Western Spy Ring in the East German Communist Party in 1953.”
“I lost so many friends”: Werner, Sonya’s Report.
“In the hasty pleasure of love”: Hamburger, Zehn Jahre Lager.
was rated “good”: Hamburger’s Stasi files, MfS HA IX/II. FV 98/66.
“There were two important things”: Reflections of Ursula’s children are from author interviews; see also “Codename Sonya,” BBC Radio 4, 2002, https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/59623532dbb240c3aa1c2bd002b932f5.
“I weighed it in my hand”: Werner, Der Gong des Porzellanhändlers.
“A nightmare haunts my sleep”: Werner, Sonya’s Report.
AFTERWORD: THE LIVES OF OTHERS
“made the single greatest contribution”: Close, Trinity.
“scrupulously courteous”: Philby, My Silent War.
“a lonely bird of tremendous wingspread”: Price, The Lives of Agnes Smedley.
“a successful exercise in anti-Soviet propaganda”: Pincher, Treachery.
“a committed, reliable and disciplined agent”: Andrew and Mitrokhin, The Mitrokhin Archive.
“The Spy Who Came in from the Co-op”: The Times, September 11, 1999.
“To Letty, Sonya salutes you!”: Pincher, Treachery.
“gallantry in keeping”: See Gould, German Anti-Nazi Espionage in the Second World War.
“Ursula started to use the greeting”: See the Beurtons’ MI5 files, TNA KV 6/41–45.
“He who hates and despises”: For Jürgen Kuczynski’s later years, see Green, A Political Family.
“Do you really feel”: Undated letter, courtesy of Peter Beurton.
Aaronovitch, David. Party Animals: My Family and Other Communists. London, 2016.
Andrew, Christopher. The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5. London, 2009.
Andrew, Christopher, and Vasili Mitrokhin. The Mitrokhin Archive. London, 1999.
Ashdown, Paddy. Nein! Standing Up to Hitler, 1935–1944. London, 2018.
Baker, Carlos. Ernest Hemingway: A Life Story. New York, 1969.
Ballard, J. G. Miracles of Life: Shanghai to Shepperton; an Autobiography. New York, 2008.
Barlow, Tani E. I Myself Am a Woman: Selected Writings of Ding Ling. Boston, 1989.
Baxell, Richard. British Volunteers in the Spanish Civil War. London, 2004.
———. Unlikely Warriors: The Extraordinary Story of the Britons Who Fought for Spain. London, 2012.
Blankenfeld, Janina. Die Tochter bin ich. Berlin, 1985.
Bochkarev, Viktor, and Aleksandr Kolpakidi. Superfrau iz GRU. Moscow, 2002.
Bormann, Martin, ed. Hitler’s Table Talk, 1941–1944. Translated by Norman Cameron. London, 2000.
Bower, Tom. The Perfect English Spy: Sir Dick White and the Secret War, 1935–90. London, 1995.
Brinson, Charmian. “The Free German Movement in Britain, 1943–1945.” Yearbook of the Research Centre for German and Austrian Exile Studies, vol. 15, 2014.
Brinson, Charmian, and Richard Dove. A Matter of Intelligence: MI5 and the Surveillance of Anti-Nazi Refugees, 1933–1950. Manchester, 2014.
Burke, David. The Lawn Road Flats: Spies, Writers and Artists. Martlesham, 2014.
———. The Spy Who Came in from the Co-op: Melita Norwood and
the Ending of Cold War Espionage. Martlesham, 2008.
Casey, William. The Secret War against Hitler. Washington, D.C., 1988.
Close, Frank. Trinity: The Treachery and Pursuit of the Most Dangerous Spy in History. London, 2019.
Conquest, Robert. The Great Terror: Stalin’s Purge of the Thirties, rev. ed. London, 1990.
Dunlop, Richard. Donovan: America’s Master Spy. New York, 1982.
Figes, Orlando. The Whisperers: Private Life in Stalin’s Russia. London, 2007.
Fischer, Benjamin B. “Farewell to Sonia, the Spy Who Haunted Britain.” International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, vol. 15, issue 1, 2002.
Foote, Alexander. Handbook for Spies. London, 2011.
Fuechtner, Veronika, Douglas E. Haynes, and Ryan M. Jones, eds., A Global History of Sexual Science, 1880–1960. Berkeley, Calif., 2017.
Glees, Anthony. The Secrets of the Service. London, 1987.
Gold, Michael. Jews without Money. New York, 1930.
Gould, Jonathan S. German Anti-Nazi Espionage in the Second World War: The OSS and the Men of the TOOL Missions. New York, 2018.
———. “Strange Bedfellows: The OSS and the London Free Germans.” CIA Library, https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol46no1/article03.html.
Green, John. A Political Family: The Kuczynskis, Fascism, Espionage and the Cold War. Abingdon, 2017.
Guha, Ramachandra. India after Gandhi: The History of the World’s Largest Democracy. London, 2007.
Hahn, Emily. China to Me: A Partial Autobiography. New York, 1944.
Hamburger, Rudolf. Zehn Jahre Lager. Munich, 2013.
Hardesty, Von, and Ilya Ginberg. Red Phoenix Rising: The Soviet Air Force in World War II. Lawrence, Kans., 2012.
Hartland, Michael. The Third Betrayal. London, 1986.
Haslam, Jonathan. Near and Distant Neighbours: A New History of Soviet Intelligence. Oxford, 2015.
Haynes, John Earl, Harvey Klehr, and Alexander Vassiliev. Spies: The Rise and Fall of the KGB in America. New Haven, Conn., 2010.
Hennessy, Peter. The Secret State: Whitehall and the Cold War. London, 2002.
Holloway, David. Stalin and the Bomb. London, 1994.
Hornblum, Allen M. The Invisible Harry Gold: The Man Who Gave the Soviets the Atom Bomb. New Haven, Conn., 2010.
Hyde, H. Montgomery. The Atom Bomb Spies. London, 1980.
Kögel, Eduard. Zwei Poelzigschüler in der Emigration, dissertation. Weimar, 2007.
Krivitsky, Walter. I Was Stalin’s Agent. London, 1940.
Kuczynski, Jürgen. Memoiren, 4 vols. Berlin, 1981–99.
Kuczynski, Rita. Wall Flower: A Life on the German Border. Toronto, 2015.
Kuromiya, Hiroaki. The Voices of the Dead: Stalin’s Great Terror in the 1930s. New Haven, Conn., 2007.
Lamphere, Robert J., and Tom Shachtman. The FBI–KGB War: A Special Agent’s Story. New York, 1986.
Leitz, Christian. Nazi Germany and Neutral Europe during the Second World War, Manchester, 2001.
Litten, Frederick S. “The Noulens Affair.” The China Quarterly, vol. 138, June 1994.
Lota, Vladimir. GRU i atomnaia bomba. Moscow, 2002.
MacKinnon, J. R., and S. R. MacKinnon. Agnes Smedley: The Life and Times of an American Radical. Berkeley, Calif., 1988.
Matthews, Owen. An Impeccable Spy: Richard Sorge, Stalin’s Master Agent. London, 2019.
Moorehead, Alan. The Traitors: The Double Life of Fuchs, Pontecorvo and Nunn May. London, 1952.
Moorhouse, Roger. The Devils’ Alliance: Hitler’s Pact with Stalin, 1939–41. London, 2014.
Moss, Norman. Klaus Fuchs: The Man Who Stole the Atom Bomb. London, 1987.
Nelson, Anne. Red Orchestra. New York, 2009.
Panitz, Eberhard. Geheimtreff Banbury: Wie die Atombombe zu den Russen kam. Berlin, 2003.
Persico, Joseph E. Piercing the Reich. New York, 1979.
———. Roosevelt’s Secret War: FDR and World War II Espionage. New York, 2001.
Philby, Kim. My Silent War. London, 1968.
Pincher, Chapman. Treachery: Betrayals, Blunders and Cover-ups; Six Decades of Espionage. London, 2012.
Price, Ruth. The Lives of Agnes Smedley. Oxford, 2005.
Prysor, Glyn. Citizen Sailors: The Royal Navy in the Second World War. London, 2012.
Putz, Catherine. “What If the United States Had Told the Soviet Union about the Bomb?” The Diplomat, May 18, 2016.
Radó, Sandor. Codename Dora. New York, 1990.
Read, Anthony, and David Fisher. Operation Lucy: Most Secret Spy Ring of the Second World War. London, 1980.
Rossiter, Mike. The Spy Who Changed the World. London, 2014.
Sebag Montefiore, Simon. Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar. London, 2003.
Sergeant, Harriet. Shanghai: Collision Point of Cultures, 1918–1939. New York, 1990.
Smedley, Agnes. Daughter of Earth. New York, 1987.
Smith, Michael, ed. The Secret Agent’s Bedside Reader: A Compendium of Spy Writing. London, 2014.
Snow, Edgar. Random Notes on China. Cambridge, Mass., 1957.
Stibbe, Matthew. “Jürgen Kuczynski and the Search for a (Non-existent) Western Spy Ring in the East German Communist Party in 1953.” Contemporary European History, vol. 20, issue 1, 2011.
Tarrant, V. E. The Red Orchestra: The Soviet Spy Network inside Nazi Europe. London, 1995.
Tolstoy, Nikolai. Victims of Yalta. London, 1979.
Tyrer, William A. “The Unresolved Mystery of ELLI.” International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, vol. 29, no. 4, 2016, 785–808.
Vassiliev, Alexander. Yellow Notebooks. 1995. https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/collection/86/vassiliev-notebooks.
Wakeman, Frederic, Jr. Policing Shanghai, 1927–1937. Berkeley, Calif., 1995.
Watson, Peter. Fallout: Conspiracy, Cover-Up, and the Deceitful Case for the Atom Bomb. London, 2018.
Werner, Ruth. Ein ungewöhnliches Mädchen. Berlin, 1959.
———. Der Gong des Porzellanhändlers. Berlin, 1976.
———. Muhme Mehle. Berlin, 2002.
———. Olga Benario: Die Geschichte eines tapferen Lebens. Berlin, 1961.
———. Sonjas Rapport. Berlin, 1977; rev. ed., 2006.
———. Sonya’s Report. London, 1991.
West, Nigel. Venona: The Greatest Secret of the Cold War. London, 1999.
———. Mortal Crimes: The Greatest Theft in History; The Soviet Penetration of the Manhattan Project. New York, 2004.
Whymant, Robert. Stalin’s Spy: Richard Sorge and the Tokyo Espionage Ring. New York, 1996.
Williams, Robert Chadwell. Klaus Fuchs, Atom Spy. Cambridge, Mass., 1987.
Willoughby, Charles. Shanghai Conspiracy: The Sorge Spy Ring. Boston, 1952.
Wolf, Markus. In eigenem Auftrag. Schneekluth, 1991.
Wright, Peter. Spycatcher: The Candid Autobiography of a Senior Intelligence Officer. London, 1987.
ABBREVIATIONS
BArch: German Federal Archives
BStU: Federal Commissioner for the Records of the State Security Service of the former German Democratic Republic
NACP: National Archives at College Park, College Park, Maryland
PHOTO INSERT
1Ullstein bild/Getty Images
2Kuczynski family archive
3Courtesy of Peter Beurton
4Courtesy of Peter Beurton
5Courtesy of Peter Beurton
6Courtesy of Ann Simpson
7BArch, Bild 102-01355
8BStU, MfS, HA IX/11, FV 98/66, Bd. 40, S. 125
9Collection of the Hamburger family
10CPA Media/Ala
my
11Collection of the Hamburger family
12Agnes Smedley Photographs, University Archives, Arizona State University Library
13Whereabouts of original photo unknown, from Ruth Werner, Sonjas Rapport, Berlin: Neues Leben, 1977
14BStU, MfS, HA IX/11, FV 98/66, Bd. 20, S. 98
15Collection of the Hamburger family
16Sputnik/TopFoto
17Whereabouts of original photo unknown, from Ruth Werner, Sonya’s Report, London: Chatto & Windus, 1991
18Collection of the Hamburger family
19Collection of the Hamburger family
20Collection of the Hamburger family
21BStU, MfS, HA IX/11, FV 98/66, Bd. 39, S. 142
22Collection of the Hamburger family
23BArch, Bild 10-2167-04
24Wellcome Library, London under CC-BY 4.0
25Photograph by Helen Foster Snow, courtesy L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Brigham Young University
26Courtesy of Peter Beurton
27BStU, MfS, HA IX/11, FV 98/66, Bd. 39, S. 139
28Source unknown
29Source unknown
30Collection of the Hamburger family
31NACP, RG 242.28: National Archives Collection of Foreign Records Seized
32BStU, MfS, HA IX/11, FV 98/66, Bd. 39, S. 145
33Courtesy of András Trom
34BStU, MfS, HA IX/11, FV 98/66, Bd. 40, S. 7
35Courtesy of Ann Simpson
36Collection of the Hamburger family
37Collection of the Hamburger family
38Photograph by Sybill Clay and Stella Caffyn, estate of Emily Hahn
39National Archives, Kew, KV2/1253
40Courtesy of Peter Beurton
41National Archives, Kew, KV2/3908
42Private collection, from Jonathan S. Gould, German Anti-Nazi Espionage in the Second World War: The OSS and the Men of the TOOL Missions, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2019