The World Philosophy Made

by Scott Soames

  13. Ibid.

  14. Ibid.

  15. Leading originalist sources include Barnett (2014, 2016), Barnett and Bernick (2018), Baude (2015), Harrison (1992), Lawson and Seidman (2017), McGinnis and Rappaport (2013), Rappaport (2013), Solum (2011, 2013, 2018), and Upham (2015).

  16. The updated theory is presented and explained in Soames (forthcoming).

  17. For a recent partial endorsement of deferentialist jurisprudence, see the remarks of Justice Elena Kagan at the Chicago-Kent School of Law on October 16, 2007: “Pretty much all of us now look at the text first and the text is what matters most. And if you can find clarity in the text that’s pretty much the end of the ballgame.”

  18. See Soames (forthcoming).

  19. McGinnis and Rappaport (2013).

  20. Ibid., chapter 5.

  21. See their discussion of the Equal Rights Amendment proposed in 1972, which, they argued failed to be ratified because of the loss of broad confidence caused by the Court’s excessively activist and undemocratic rulings.

  22. Lawson (1994), p. 1248.

  23. Ibid., p. 1248.

  24. Hamburger (2014).

  25. Quoted on p. 188 of Hamburger (2014) in an illuminating section on the role of American opposition to general warrants and writs of assistance in the run-up to the Revolution, in the writing of state constitutions, and, ultimately, in the U.S. Constitution, with its vigorous insistence on due process of law.

  26. Hamburger (2014), pp. 337–402.

  27. Cited by Lawson (2015), p. 1535.

  28. Lawson and Seidman (2017).

  29. Natelson (2010), pp. 58–59.

  30. Hamburger (2014), p. 386, my emphasis.

  31. Lawson (2015), p. 1538.

  32. Soames (2013b).

  CHAPTER 13

    1. Schlick ([1930] 1939). See also chapter 12 of Soames (2018).

    2. Wilson (1993).

    3. Frank (1988).

    4. Wilson (1993), p. 102.

    5. Ibid., p. 105.

    6. Ibid., p. 107.

    7. Ibid., pp. 106–8.

    8. Ibid., p. 108.

    9. Ibid., p. 109.

  10. Ibid., p. 113.

  11. Ibid., pp. 123–33.

  12. Ibid., p. 130.

  13. Ibid., p. 130.

  14. Ibid., pp. 132–33.

  15. Ibid., p. 133.

  16. Ibid., pp. 130–31.

  17. So did Hume, whose an account of justice, discussed in chapter 4, stresses the interaction between other-regarding sentiment, self-interest, and past experience of benefits in functioning social institutions.

  18. Wilson (1993), p. 132.

  19. Ibid., pp. 15–16, 19, 158.

  20. Ibid., pp. 15–16, 158–59.

  21. Ibid., pp. 20–23.

  22. Ibid., pp. 17, 141–42.

  23. Ibid., pp. 17–18.

  24. Ibid., pp. 141–42.

  25. It is important not to overinterpret Wilson on this or other “universals.” His point is that there are certain tendencies inherent in human nature, not that the tendencies give rise to exceptionless moral rules, or even to the nonexistence of substantial human groupings in human history in which the “exceptions” were frequent.

  26. Ibid., pp. 154–55.

  27. Ibid., p. 191.

  28. Ibid., p. 205.

  29. Ibid., p. 213.

  30. Thanks to one of the readers of the manuscript for the Princeton University Press.

  CHAPTER 14

    1. Wolfe (2012), pp. 23–24.

    2. Notable recent works addressing these issues include Nagel (1979, 1987), Feldman (1992), Kagan (2012), and Scheffler (2016).

    3. Nozick (1974), pp. 42–45. See also the chapter on happiness in Nozick (1989).

    4. Surprisingly perhaps, it is not necessary to believe that although you are not immortal, the human race is. One can find meaning even if one is convinced that the duration of the human race, the solar system, and even our galaxy is finite. Fortunately, the time periods so far surpass the human ability to vividly imagine them that we limited creatures can scarcely take them into account.

  APPENDIX

    1. Plato 20e, 21.

    2. Plato 43 through 54.

    3. Plato 116c.

    4. Plato 116d.

    5. Plato 116e.

    6. Plato 117.

    7. Plato 117d, e.

    8. Plato 118.

    9. The letter is reprinted in Hume (1964), vol. 3, pp. 9–14. The italics are mine, emphasizing the importance in Hume’s last days of what he had contributed to those he would leave behind.

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