What Every American Should Know About Europe
Page 52
Bull, Gerald, 107
Burton, Richard, 68
Bush, George H.W., 78, 111
Bush, George W., 11, 16, 42, 61, 62, 63, 79, 81, 102, 111, 185, 249, 262, 281, 340, 358, 361, 365, 375
Byron, Lord, 218
Byzantine Empire, 92, 213, 217, 218, 384
Caesar, Julius, 92, 216–217
Caetano, Marcelo, 168
Caligula, 92
Calvin, John, 179, 180
Cameron, David, 84
Camus, Albert, 29
Cankar, Ivan, 377
Capodistra, John, 219
Carinthia, Austria, 206
Carlos IV, King of Spain, 143
Carl Philip, Prince of Sweden, 256
Carl XVI Gustav, King of Sweden, 243, 256
Castro, Fidel, 111, 254
Catalonia, Spain, 135, 147, 149
Cathars, 17
Catherine of Braganza, 160
Cavendish, Lord, 125
Cavour, Count Camillo, 96
Celsius, Anders, 247
Cervantes, Miguel, 142–143
Cesis, Latvia, 334
Chamberlain, Neville, 75, 77
Charlemagne, 17, 198
Charles, Prince, 81–82, 82–83, 335
Charles I, King of England, 67
Charles II, King of England, 160
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 179, 199, 394, 395
Charter 77, 350
Cheney, Dick, 111, 316, 318
Chirac, Jacques, 7, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 31, 35, 195
Chopin, Fryderyk, 296–297
Chotkovato, Sophie von, 201
Christiania, Denmark, 233, 238
Christian X, King of Denmark, 236
Christodoulos, Archbishop, 213, 224
Chunnel (le tunnel sous la Manche), 34
Churchill, Winston, 11, 26, 29, 50, 73, 75, 76–77
Ciurlionis, M. K., 345
Claudius, 92
Cleopatra, 216–217, 379
Clerides, Glafcos, 388
Clovis, 7, 17
Clusius, Carolus, 182
COGEMA La Hague (France), 33
Cold War, 50, 61, 77, 246, 281, 316
Collins, Michael, 126
Columbus, Christopher, 141, 162, 228
Concentration camps, 49–50, 194, 196, 197, 204, 205, 272–273, 288, 289, 294, 297
Congress of Vienna, 45, 112, 199, 200
Constantine I, 91, 92, 217
Constantinople, 92, 212, 213, 217–218, 219, 220, 228
Cook, James, 68
Cools, Andre, 107
Copenhagen, Denmark, 230, 232, 233, 236, 238, 240
Copernicus (Nicolaj Kopernik), 286–287
Córdoba, Spain, 139, 140
Corsica, 20, 33
Cortés, Hernán, 141
Cortés, Joaquín, 133
Couso, José, 136
Crapper, Thomas, 60
Crete, Greece, 210, 217, 219, 223
Croatia, 302, 308, 368, 373, 375
Cromwell, Oliver, 66, 67, 123, 124
Curie, Marie Sklodowska, 297–298
Curie, Pierre, 297
Curonian Spit (Lithuania), 344
Cyprus, 68, 212, 217, 219, 220, 221, 277, 278
current leaders/famous people of, 388–389
famous places and landmarks of, 387–388
fast facts about, 378–379
history of, 383–387
overview of, 379–383
U.S. and, 381, 382, 383
Czechoslovakia, 75, 192, 201, 291, 355, 368
overview of, 346–351
Soviet Union and, 347–350
U.S. and, 348
World War II and, 347, 364, 366
Czech Republic, 45, 48, 200, 277, 311, 351–352
current leaders/famous people of, 357–359
famous places and landmarks of, 357
fast facts about, 353–354
overview of, 354–356
U.S. and, 358
Daimler, Gottlieb, 46
Daladier, Édouard, 75
Dalí, Salvador, 23, 152–153
Dante, 94
Danube, 300, 308, 311–312
Darwin, Charles, 69
Dekanidze, Boris, 339
Delanoë, Bertrand, 12, 36
Democritus, 215
Denktash, Rauf, 386, 387, 389
Denmark, 3, 4, 227, 228, 229, 243, 251, 252, 255, 256, 325, 376 (see also Scandinavia)
current leaders/famous people of, 239–241
economy of, 251
famous places and landmarks of, 238–239
fast facts about, 230–231
history of, 235–237
overview of, 231–235
U.S. and, 237
World War I and, 236
World War II and, 49, 236, 239
Descartes, René, 19
Diana, Lady, 81–82, 83
Dias, Bartolomeu, 162
Dickens, Charles, 65, 70
Diderot, Denis, 19
Dinesen, Isak (Karen Blixen), 241
Dogme 95 Collective, 241
Dollfuss, Engelbert, 202–203
Donovaly, Slovakia, 365
Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan, 84
Drake, Sir Francis, 67, 142
Drake, Markus, 263
Drebbel, Cornelius, 182
Dresden, Germany, 54
Drnovsek, Janez, 367, 373, 376
Dubcek, Alexander, 348–349, 366
Dublin, Ireland, 117, 120, 125, 126, 129
Durrell, Lawrence, 385
Dutroux, Marc, 108
Dzurinda, Mikulas, 351, 360, 363, 365
Easter Uprising, 125, 126
East Indies Trading Company, 180, 181
Eco, Umberto, 102
École Nationale d’Administration, l’(France), 34
Eger, Hungary, 312
Egypt, 11, 20, 68, 69, 113, 216, 303
Eiffel Tower (France), 32, 33
Einstein, Albert, 39
Elgin Marbles, 74, 218–219
Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 66, 67, 346
Elizabeth II, Queen of England, 58, 82, 335
Elmquist, Rune, 247
England, 59, 66, 70–71, 116, 123, 228, 236 (see also United Kingdom)
Enlightenment, 10, 18, 85
Erasmus, Desiderius, 188
Eratosthenes of Cyrene, 215
Escrivá de Balaguer, Josemaria, 138, 139
Estonia, 251, 266, 277, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 322, 331, 339, 343 (see also Baltic States)
current leaders/famous people of, 328–329
economy of, 326, 329
famous places and landmarks of, 327–328
fast facts about, 324–325
overview of, 325–327
World War II and, 326
ETA, 135, 136–137, 138, 148
European Court of Justice, 269
European Economic Community, 29, 114, 222
European Security and Defense Union, 273
European Union
Austria and, 193, 195–196
Baltic States and, 315, 316, 317, 323
Belgium and, 3, 106, 110, 114
Cyprus and, 379, 381, 382, 383, 389
Czech Republic and, 351, 358
Denmark and, 229, 233
Estonia and, 327, 328
EU-15, 3, 4, 5
Finland and, 3, 229, 263
France and, 9, 10, 15, 27, 139
Germany and, 9, 10, 15, 27, 40, 139
Greece and, 212
Hungary and, 302, 306, 310, 311
Ireland and, 3, 118, 120
Lithuania and, 338, 339
Luxembourg and, 269, 271
Malta and, 392, 393, 397, 399
“New Europe” and, 277–278
Norway and, 229
“Old Europe” and, 3–5
Poland and, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 293, 295
Portugal and, 156, 157
Slovakia and, 351, 362–363, 364, 365, 368, 369
Slovenia and, 368
, 369, 371, 374
Spain and, 139
Sweden and, 229
United Kingdom and, 61, 139
Eurosatory (France), 33
Faeroe Islands, 238–239
Famagusta, Cyprus, 388
Fascism, 97–98, 145, 146
Fátima, Portugal, 166–167, 169
Felipe, Crown Prince of Spain, 151
Fellini, Federico, 101
Fenians, 125
Fernando, King of Spain, 135, 140, 141
Fernando VII, King of Spain, 143–144
Fini, Giancarlo, 102
Finland, 3, 228, 229, 235, 245, 251, 317, 328 (see also Scandinavia)
current leaders/famous people of, 266–267
economy of, 261, 265
famous places and landmarks of, 265–266
fast facts about, 259–260
history of, 264–265
overview of, 260–264
U.S. and, 262
World War II and, 263, 265
Fischer, Heinz, 190, 207
Fischer, Joschka, 51, 55
Flanders, Belgium, 107, 109, 110, 113
Fleming, Sir Alexander, 61
Florence, Italy, 93, 95, 98
Fortuyn, Pim, 174, 175–176, 177, 196
France, 3, 41, 46, 50, 77, 93, 110, 111, 139, 141, 143, 144, 163, 183, 218, 219, 228, 269, 273, 303, 349
Algeria and, 14, 22, 25, 28, 29, 30
current leaders/famous people of, 35–36
economy of, 12, 31
famous places and landmarks of, 32–34
fast facts about, 7–8
French African relations, 13, 14, 15
French Revolution, 10, 19–20, 21, 200
history of, 17–32
Indochina and, 27–28
overview of, 8–16
2005 riots in, 13, 15
U.S. and, 9, 10–11, 12, 15, 16, 18, 20, 28, 29, 30
World War I and, 11, 23, 34, 47, 220
World War II and, 11, 12, 24–27, 28, 34, 49, 75, 114, 203, 204
Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, 199
Franco, Francisco, 132, 133, 135, 145–148, 151, 152, 153, 156
Frankfurt, Germany, 38, 44, 54
Franklin, Benjamin, 18, 95, 96
Franks, Tommy, 111
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, 47, 200, 201, 204, 292, 307
Franz Joseph, Holy Roman Emperor, 47, 193, 199, 201, 307
French model, 12
French Revolution, 10, 19–20, 21, 200
Freud, Anna, 202
Freud, Sigmund, 191, 202
Friederich, Peter, 271
Friesland, the Netherlands, 185
Frisch, Otto, 39
Friso, Johan, 186–187
Fucking, Austria, 206
Galicia, Spain, 134, 149, 152
Galileo, 94
Galton, Sir Francis, 70
Gama, Vasco da, 162
Gandhi, Mahatma, 74
Garbo, Greta, 257
Garching reactor (Germany), 55
Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 96
Garzón, Judge Baltasar, 134
Gasparovik, Ivan, 360, 366
Gaudí, Antoni, 145
Gaulle, Charles de, 11, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29–30, 32
Gdansk, Poland, 290, 291, 295
Gellert, Hotel (Budapest), 301
Gelli, Licio, 103–104
George III, King of England, 67, 68
George VI, King of England, 393
Germany, 3, 9, 10, 15, 27, 34, 110, 111, 139, 183, 191, 199, 200, 235, 238, 269, 272, 280, 285, 287, 310, 317, 356
current leaders/famous people of, 55–56
economy of, 3, 40, 41, 42
famous places and landmarks of, 53–55
fast facts about, 37–38
history of, 43–52
overview of, 38–43
reunification of, 37, 41–42, 52, 53, 56
U.S. and, 40, 41, 42–43, 50, 51, 54, 374
World War I and, 23, 47, 53, 75, 97, 114, 193, 194
World War II and, 11, 24, 25, 26, 39–40, 41, 43, 49–50, 53, 54, 75, 76–77, 97, 114, 193, 194, 202, 203, 204–205, 236, 252, 272–273, 288–289, 301, 309, 318, 320–321, 341, 343–344, 347, 364, 392–393
Ghent, Belgium, 107, 111, 115
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 44
Gomulka, Wladyslaw, 290
Gonzi, Lawrence, 390, 399
Gonzi, Michael, 396, 399
Good Friday Agreement, 121, 128, 129
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 291, 322, 337, 338
Gøta Canal (Sweden), 255
Göteborg, Sweden, 243, 245, 249, 255
Granada, Spain, 140
Grasse, France, 34
Greco-Turkish War, 220
Greece, 3, 369
current leaders/famous people of, 224–225
Cyprus and, 379, 382–383, 385, 386, 387
EU funding and, 212
famous places and landmarks of, 222–224
fast facts about, 209–210
history of, 214–222
overview of, 210–213
U.S. and, 212, 221
War of Independence, 218
World War I and, 219–220
World War II and, 220
Greek Orthodox Church, 210, 212, 217, 224, 385, 388, 389
Greenland, 237
Griffin, Nick, 64, 197
Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm, 38, 45
Grivas, George, 386
Gustav III, King of Sweden, 254
Gustav Vasa, King of Sweden, 242
Gyurcsany, Ferenc, 299, 306, 313
Habsburgs, 191, 198, 199, 200, 203, 204, 307, 346
Hadrian, 92
Hagen, Carl, 196–197
Hague, The (the Netherlands), 185
Haider, Jörg, 194–195, 196, 197
Halimi, Ilan, 13
Halonen, Tarja, 260, 262, 266–267
Hamburg, Germany, 53
Hammarskjöld, Dag, 254
Hanseatic League, 44, 295, 319
Harry, Prince, 83
Havel, Vaclav, 349, 350, 351, 356, 357–358
Hawkins, Sir John, 67
Haydn, Joseph, 191
Heaney, Seamus, 131
Helsinki, Finland, 259, 263, 265–266, 328
Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, 268, 274
Henry, Prince of Portugal, 161
Henry of Burgundy, 159, 160
Henry VIII, King of England, 66, 123
Hergé (Georges Remi), 116
Hertz, Heinrich, 46
Herzl, Theodor, 207
Hess, Rudolf, 48
Hesse, Hermann, 46
Hill of Crosses (Lithuania), 342–343
Himmler, Heinrich, 49
Hippocrates, 215
Hirsi Ali, Ayaan, 174
Hitler, Adolf, 10, 39, 40, 43, 47–48, 48–49, 50, 51, 55, 75, 76–77, 97, 98, 110, 146, 147, 193, 194, 203, 204, 236, 252, 254, 273, 288, 293, 320, 321, 347, 392
Hlinka, Andrej, 364
Hofstad Group, 176
Holocaust, 49–50, 110, 196, 197, 248, 294
Holy Roman Empire, 3, 17, 43, 45, 179, 198, 199
Homer, 215
Horthy, Miklos, 252, 309
Hudson, Henry, 181
Hugo, Victor, 22–23, 218
Hume, John, 128
Hundred Years War, 18
Hungarian Democratic Forum, 310
Hungary, 45, 52, 200, 263, 277, 291, 347, 364, 365, 368, 369, 375
current leaders/famous people of, 313–314
famous places and landmarks of, 311–312
fast facts about, 299–300
history of, 306–311
1956 revolution, 193, 303, 309, 311
overview of, 300–306
U.S. and, 303, 304
World War I and, 201, 302, 308, 309
World War II and, 252, 309
Hussein, Saddam, 111
Huygens, Christian, 182
Hypogeum (Malta), 393, 394
Ibiza, Spain, 150
Ibsen, Henrik
, 257
Ice Hotel (Sweden), 256
Iceland, 235, 237, 322, 325
Ignalina nuclear plant (Lithuania), 338
Ilves, Toomas, 318, 325
Imia/Kardak, Greece, 223
India, 68, 72–73, 74–75
Innsbruck, Austria, 206
Institute for Racial Biology/eugenics program (Sweden), 249–250
Internet Bay, Sweden, 255
Invincibles, 125
IRA, 63, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128
Iraq, U.S. invasion of/war in (2003), 9, 11, 12, 16, 42, 61, 81, 136, 137, 186, 234, 262, 281, 282, 296, 335, 358
Ireland, 3, 59, 91, 228
Britain and, 71, 74, 119, 120, 121, 123–128
current leaders/famous people of, 129–131
economy of, 118
EU funding and, 120
famous places and landmarks of, 129
fast facts about, 117–118
history of, 122–128
overview of, 118–122
Irish Potato Famine, 71, 124, 125
Irving, David, 197
Irwin, 377
Isabella, Queen of Spain, 135, 140, 141
Israel, 11, 195, 253, 303, 381
Istria, Slovenia, 371, 374
Italy, 3, 20, 27, 215, 368, 374, 392
current leaders/famous people of, 102–104
economy of, 89
famous places and landmarks, 99–102
fast facts about, 86–87
history of, 91–99
overview of, 87–90
World War I and, 97
World War II and, 97–98, 370
Jaatteenmaki, Anneli, 262, 267
Jahjah, Dyab Abou, 109–110
James I, King of England, 66
Jansa, Janez, 367, 373, 374, 376
Jansson, Tove, 267
Jefferson, Thomas, 20, 88, 96, 144
João I, King of Portugal, 160
João II, King of Portugal, 162
João IV, King of Portugal, 160
John, King of England, 66
John Paul II, Pope, 104, 167, 213, 290, 291, 295–296
Johnson, Lyndon, 387
Johnson, Samuel, 83
Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, 199
Joyce, James, 119, 131
Juan Carlos I, King of Spain, 132, 148, 151
Juncker, Jean-Claude, 268, 274
Jurmala, Latvia, 334
Jutland, Denmark, 238
Kaczynski, Jaroslaw, 279, 283
Kaczynski, Lech, 279, 283
Kádár, János, 309
Kafka, Franz, 355
Kalmar Union, 229, 235
Kalvitis, Aigars, 330, 335