A Passion for Poison
Page 40
490 Dr Donald Richardson, witness statement, 24 November 1971.
491 Graham Young, diary, DPP2/5063.
492 Jethro Walter Batt, witness statement, 21 November 1971.
493 Dr Donald Richardson, witness statement, 24 November 1971.
494 Dr Edward Cowen, witness statement, 14 February 1972.
495 Jethro Walter Batt, witness statement, 21 November 1971.
496 Ibid.
497 Mrs Diana Smart, witness statement, 10 February 1972.
498 Ibid.
499 Young, Winifred, Obsessive Poisoner, p.120.
500 Mrs Diana Smart, witness statement, 10 February 1972.
501 Jethro Walter Batt, witness statement, 21 November 1971.
502 Holden, Anthony, The St Albans Poisoner, p.83.
503 Jethro Batt, interviewed on Great Crimes and Trials of the Twentieth Century: ‘Graham Young, The Compulsive Poisoner’, Series 3 Episode 6, 1996.
504 Ibid.
505 Daily Mirror, ‘Scandal of the “Cured Killer”’, 30 June 1972.
506 Mrs Diana Smart, witness statement, 10 February 1972.
507 Graham Young, diary, DPP2/5063.
508 Mrs Diana Smart, witness statement, 10 February 1972.
509 Ibid.
510 Ibid.
511 Ibid.
512 National Archives file.
513 Peter Buck, witness statement, 10 February 1972.
514 Ibid.
515 Mrs Annie Hilda Biggs, witness statement, 10 February 1972.
516 Dr Robert Newill, witness statement, 11 February 1972.
517 Mrs Diana Smart, witness statement, 10 February 1972.
518 Ibid.
519 John Ernest Durrant, witness statement, 22 November 1971, DPP2/5063.
520 Ibid.
521 Ibid.
522 Ibid.
523 Ibid.
524 Dr John Porterfield, witness statement, 24 November 1971.
525 Graham Young, diary, DPP2/5063.
526 Mrs Annie Hilda Biggs, witness statement, 10 February 1972.
527 Dr Udwin, letter, 29 November 1971, HO343/96/3.
528 Young, Winifred, Obsessive Poisoner, p.174.
529 Ibid., pp.174–175.
530 Dr Ann Penny, witness statement, 1 December 1971.
531 Graham Young, diary, DPP2/5063.
532 Mrs Annie Hilda Biggs, witness statement, 10 February 1972.
533 Graham Young, diary, DPP2/5063.
534 Mrs Annie Hilda Biggs, witness statement, 10 February 1972.
535 Daily Express, ‘Fred Biggs’ Agony, By His Widow’, 22 June 1972.
536 Ibid.
537 Graham Young, diary, DPP2/5063.
538 Dr Ahmed Abdulla, witness statement, 14 February 1972.
539 Ibid.
540 Anthony Oldhams, Fred Dinenage.
541 Ibid.
542 Mrs Mary Berrow, witness statement, 10 February 1972.
543 Mrs Annie Hilda Biggs, witness statement, 10 February 1972.
544 Sandra Lynn, full witness statement, 10 February 1972.
545 Dr Michael Ashby, witness statement, undated.
546 Graham Young, diary, DPP2/5063.
547 Robert Stewart Hynd, Medical Officer of Health and Divisional Medical Officer for the Hertfordshire County Council, full witness statement, undated.
548 Geoffrey James Foster, witness statement, 10 February 1972.
549 Robert Stewart Hynd, Medical Officer of Health and Divisional Medical Officer for the Hertfordshire County Council, full witness statement, undated.
550 Mrs Annie Hilda Biggs, witness statement, 10 February 1972.
551 Dr John Christopher Meadows, witness statement, undated.
552 Sandra Lynn, full witness statement, 10 February 1972.
553 Ibid.
554 Ibid.
555 Mrs Diana Smart, witness statement, 10 February 1972.
556 Ibid.
557 Graham Young, diary, DPP2/5063.
558 Winifred Margaret Young, full witness statement, 10 February 1972.
559 Ibid.
560 Graham Young, diary, DPP2/5063.
561 Alice Robinson, witness statement, undated.
562 Mrs Annie Hilda Biggs, witness statement, 10 February 1972.
563 Mrs Diana Smart, witness statement, 10 February 1972.
564 Ibid.
565 Ibid.
566 Newcastle Evening Chronicle, ‘I Gave Poisoner Young Benefit of Doubt, Says Village Doctor’, 30 June 1972.
567 HO343/96/3.
568 Newcastle Evening Chronicle, ‘I Gave Poisoner Young Benefit of Doubt, Says Village Doctor’, 30 June 1972.
569 Mrs Diana Smart, witness statement, 10 February 1972.
570 Geoffrey James Foster, witness statement, 10 February 1972.
571 Young, Winifred, Obsessive Poisoner, p.148.
572 Robert Stewart Hynd, Medical Officer of Health and Divisional Medical Officer for the Hertfordshire County Council, full witness statement, undated.
573 Ibid.
574 Ibid.
575 Mrs Diana Smart, witness statement, 10 February 1972.
576 Daily Telegraph, ‘Young Was Released from Broadmoor Only 16 Months Ago’, 30 June 1972.
577 National Archives file.
578 Detective Inspector John Ratcliff, witness statement, 12 February 1972.
579 National Archives file.
580 Sunday Mirror, ‘My Son, The Poisoner’, Fred Young, 1972.
581 Ibid.
582 DS Kenneth Rees, witness statement, 22 November 1971.
583 National Archives file.
584 Ibid.
585 Detective Constable John Bibby, witness statement, 21 November 1971.
586 Ibid.
587 Sunday Mirror, ‘My Son, The Poisoner’, Fred Young, 1972.
588 Detective Sergeant Robert Livingstone, witness statement, 10 February 1972.
589 Detective Chief Inspector John Kirkpatrick, witness statement, 10 February 1972.
590 Ibid.
591 Detective Chief Superintendent Ronald Harvey, witness statement, undated.
592 Evening Chronicle, ‘Poison Diary “Just Theory” Says Young’, 26 June 1972.
593 Ibid.
594 Ibid.
595 Daily Mirror, ‘When the Charade Was Over’, 23 June 1972.
596 Detective Chief Inspector John Kirkpatrick, witness statement, 10 February 1972.
597 Ibid.
598 Young, Winifred, Obsessive Poisoner, p.154.
599 Ibid.
600 Detective Chief Inspector John Kirkpatrick, witness statement, 10 February 1972.
601 Ibid.
602 Detective Chief Superintendent Ronald Harvey, witness statement, undated.
603 Detective Chief Inspector John Kirkpatrick, witness statement, 10 February 1972.
604 Newcastle Evening Chronicle, ‘Young “Eager to Discuss Poison”’, 23 June 1972.
605 Evening Chronicle, ‘Poison Diary “Just Theory” Says Young’, 26 June 1972.
606 Ibid.
607 Ibid.
608 Newcastle Evening Chronicle, ‘Young “Eager to Discuss Poison”’, 23 June 1972.
609 Daily Express, ‘Poison in a Thriller’, 24 June 1972.
610 Ibid.
611 Hugh Johnson, forensic pathologist, witness statement, undated.
612 Professor J B Cavanagh, ‘Report on Brain, Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerves taken from Frederick Biggs at Post-Mortem Examination on 22 November 1971’, DPP2/5063.
613 Detective Chief Inspector John Kirkpatrick, witness statement, 10 February 1972.
614 Ibid.
615 Daily Express, ‘My Poison Diary “A Fantasy”’, 27 June 1972.
616 Graham Young, police interview, DPP2/5063.
617 Ibid.
618 Detective Chief Inspector John Kirkpatrick, witness statement, 10 February 1972.
619 Hertfordshire Constabulary Report: ‘Graham Frederick Young, born 7.9.47; Murder, Attempted Murder and Administrat
ion of Poison’, 1971– 1972.
620 Document detailing Ronald Harvey’s interview with Graham Young at 1:10am on 23 November 1971.
621 Ibid.
622 Daily Express, ‘Murder Charge’, 24 November 1971.
623 National Archives file.
624 HO343/96/3.
625 National Archives file.
626 Detective Constable Michael Grinsted, witness statement, undated.
627 National Archives file.
628 Ibid.
629 Ibid.
630 Ibid.
631 Ibid.
632 Ibid.
633 Ibid.
634 Ibid.
635 Hertfordshire Constabulary Report: ‘Graham Frederick Young, born 7.9.47; Murder, Attempted Murder and Administration of Poison’, 1971– 1972.
636 Daily Mirror, ‘When the Charade Was Over’, 23 June 1972.
637 National Archives file.
638 Ibid.
639 C Prior, internal HO letter, HO343/96/3.
640 Letter from Prior, 2 December 1971, HO343/96/2.
641 Assistant Chief Constable (Operations) of Hertfordshire Constabulary, letter, 23 December 1971, to the Director of Public Prosecutions, DPP2/5063.
642 Ibid.
643 Ibid.
644 Ibid.
645 Ibid.
646 Assist Ibid.
647 HO434/98.
648 National Archives file.
649 R Norman, letter, 8 March 1972.
650 Ibid.
651 Ibid.
652 Susan Vidal, letter, 24 March 1972.
653 Holden, Anthony, The St Albans Poisoner, p.108.
654 Letter/statement from Dr P D Scott, Consultant Psychiatrist, HMP Brixton, 18 April 1972.
655 Ibid.
656 Ibid.
657 Leon Carlton, witness statement, 22 April 1972, DPP2/5063.
658 Ibid.
659 Ibid.
660 Ibid.
661 Ibid.
662 Letter from Harvey to the Director of Public Prosecutions, 24 April 1972.
663 Ibid.
664 Note attached to Exhibit 61.
665 Letter from Harvey to the Director of Public Prosecutions, 24 April 1972.
666 Holden, Anthony, The St Albans Poisoner, p.106.
667 Daily Mirror, ‘Poison Death Diary’, 20 June 1972.
668 Note for Counsel’s information, 1972.
669 HO343/98.
670 Ibid.
671 D Anderson, letter, 5 May 1972.
672 National Archives file.
673 D Richardson, Department of Employment memo, 12 June 1972.
674 Ibid.
675 Report from the Bethlehem Royal Hospital and the Maudsley Hospital, P H Connell, physician at the Maudsley Hospital, for the DPP, 10 May 1972.
676 Ibid.
677 Ibid.
678 Ibid.
679 Ibid.
680 Ibid.
681 Ibid.
682 Ibid.
683 HO434/98.
684 Holden, Anthony, The St Albans Poisoner, p.61.
685 The Needle Pulls the Thread website: ‘Deadly Pursuits: The Life and Crimes of Graham Young’, Alex Karas, 30 March 2018.
686 Ibid.
687 Ibid.
688 Holden, Anthony, The St Albans Poisoner, p.110.
689 Morton, James, The Guardian, ‘Sir John Leonard’, 26 August 2002.
690 Daily Mirror, ‘Poison Death Diary’, 20 June 1972.
691 Daily Mail.
692 Daily Express, ‘One Day Ten Years Ago’, 30 June 1972.
693 Holden, Anthony, The St Albans Poisoner, p.115.
694 The Needle Pulls the Thread website: ‘Deadly Pursuits: The Life and Crimes of Graham Young’, Alex Karas, 30 March 2018.
695 Holden, Anthony, The St Albans Poisoner, p.118.
696 Daily Express, ‘One Day Ten Years Ago’, 30 June 1972.
697 Ibid.
698 Ibid.
699 HO343/98.
700 Ibid.
701 Holden, Anthony, The St Albans Poisoner, p.120.
702 A Home Office internal memo sent during the trial noted that if the law had been properly applied by the pharmacists concerned, then ‘the sales to Young would not have been made when they were’. The Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain led an inquiry into whether any chemists had breached the law, with an inspectorate of 14 also touring the country’s 12,000 pharmacies, checking that the sales of poisons were correctly conducted. In July 1972, the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain produced a report into the sales of thallium and antimony made to Graham by John Bell & Croyden. At Marylebone Magistrates’ Court in December of that year, the company admitted unlawfully selling antimony and thallium compounds to Graham Young. They were fined £150 and ordered to pay £60 costs.
703 Young, Winifred, Obsessive Poisoner, p.166.
704 Ibid.
705 Ibid.
706 Ibid.
707 Ibid.
708 Ibid.
709 Ibid.
710 Ibid.
711 Ibid.
712 Ibid.
713 In April 1973, there was widespread condemnation at the low sums paid out to Graham’s victims by the Criminal Injuries Compensation Board. Jethro Batt was awarded £700 plus £250 for loss of earnings; David Tilson received £460 because, despite suffering the same symptoms as Batt, impotence ‘is in the eyes of the law not so important to a bachelor’. Diana Smart was awarded £367, while Bob Egle’s widow received £1,535. Urged by her family, Dorothy Egle appealed against the figure and was given additional industrial injuries benefit – at the rate of 2p a week.
714 Geoffrey Foster, interviewed on Great Crimes and Trials of the Twentieth Century: ‘Graham Young, The Compulsive Poisoner’, Series 3 Episode 6, 1996.
715 D Richardson, Department of Employment, 30 June 1972.
716 Daily Telegraph, ‘Young Was Released from Broadmoor Only 16 Months Ago’, 29 June 1972.
717 Sunday Mirror, ‘My Son, The Poisoner’, Fred Young, 1972.
718 Daily Telegraph, ‘Young Was Released from Broadmoor Only 16 Months Ago’, 29 June 1972.
719 Ibid.
720 Ibid.
721 Ibid. When Dr Patrick McGrath retired from Broadmoor in 1981, after 25 years at the helm, Dr Udwin took over as physician superintendent. Much of the media about his promotion commented that Udwin was a controversial figure because of previous judgements he had made and that ‘since he has been running the hospital in the past few months, there have been two escapes of patients described by the police as dangerous.’ Udwin retired in 1983 after running Broadmoor for 18 months. He died on 17 October 2002, aged 84, after a lengthy cardiac illness. His colleague and friend of over 50 years, Henry R Rollin, asserted in his obituary: ‘If I were to be asked to pinpoint Edgar’s finest achievement, I would state categorically that he had been instrumental in the discharge of an army of long-stay patients into the community, or to conventional mental hospitals, who could no longer pose a danger to the public.’
722 Hansard, Parliament website: ‘Graham Young: Volume 839, Thursday 29 June 1972, Mr Reginald Maudling’s statement.
723 HO343/97.
724 HO434/98.
725 Ibid.
726 Ibid.
727 Aarvold Report, 1973.
728 Ibid.
729 HO343/97.
730 Daily Express, ‘Mother Wins Killer Probe’, Colin Pratt, 19 July 1973.
731 Daily Express, Opinion, 18 July 1973.
732 Daily Express, ‘How We Can Cut the Mad Killer Menace’, James Wilkinson, 19 July 1973.
733 Daily Express, ‘A Violent Danger So Hard to Detect’, Andrew Fyall, 19 July 1973.
734 https://www.theyworkforyou.com/debates/?id=1976-01-26a.91.1
735 Daily Express, ‘Crowded Broadmoor Shocks Inquiry’, 19 July 1974.
736 Ibid.
737 Gordon, Dr Harvey, Broadmoor, pp.111–112.
738 Young, Winifred, Obsessive Poisoner, p.171.
739 Ibid.
/>
740 Ibid., pp.171–172.
741 Ibid., p172.
742 Ibid.
743 Sunday People, ‘Poisoner Young in War of Words on Jail Staff ’, 13 August 1972.
744 Ibid.
745 Bronson, Charles, Bronson (London: John Blake Publishing, 2008), p.231.
746 The two units – Moss Side and Park Lane merged in 1989 to became Ashworth.
747 The Guardian, ‘A History of Mismanagement and Ill-Treatment of Patients’, 13 January 1999.
748 Ibid.
749 Bowden, P, ‘Graham Young (1947–1990), The St Albans Poisoner: His Life and Times’, Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 6: pp.17–24, Supplement, Whurr Publishers Ltd, 1996.
750 Bowden, P, ‘Graham Young (1947–1990), The St Albans Poisoner: His Life and Times’, Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 6: pp.17–24, Supplement, Whurr Publishers Ltd, 1996.
751 Brady, Ian, The Gates of Janus (US: Feral House, 2015), pp.142–144.
752 Ibid.
753 Ibid.
754 Ibid.
755 Ibid.
756 Ibid.
757 Cummines, Bobby, The Parkhurst Years (London: Ebury Press, 2017).
758 Ibid.
759 Ibid.
760 The Guardian, ‘Confessions of a Teenage Poisoner’, Justin McCurry in Tokyo, 6 November 2005.
761 Independent (Ireland edition), ‘Today I Gave Mum More Poison’, Leo Lewis in Tokyo, 3 November 2005.
762 BBC News website, ‘Ruling on Japan Poison-Diary Girl’, 1 May 2006.
763 Trestrail, John Harris, Criminal Poisoning: Investigational Guide for Law Enforcement, Toxicologists, Forensic Scientists, and Attorneys (New Jersey: Humana Press, 2000), pp.31–32.
764 Ibid., p.vi.
765 Ibid.
766 Ibid., p.48.
767 Rowland, John, Poisoner in the Dock,Twelve Studies in Poisoning, p.233.
768 National Geographic, ‘Pick Your Poison – 12 Toxic Tales’, Cathy Newman, May 2005.
769 Farrell, Michael, Criminology of Homicidal Poisoning: Offenders, Victims and Detecting (Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG, 2017), p.43.
770 Trestrail, John Harris, Criminal Poisoning, p.50.
771 Ibid., pp.51–52.
772 Graham Young, witness statement, 24 May 1962.
773 Young, Winifred, Obsessive Poisoner, pp.172–173.