by Marie Arana
anti-Communist sentiment of, 182–91, 213, 326, 409
civil rights era in, 232
clandestine operations of, 188, 190, 218, 221, 328
corporate profiteering in Latin America by, 112, 114–19, 122, 197, 199, 217
and Cuba, 120, 159–62
drug market in, 120, 224, 234–37, 356
international political involvement of, 1–2, 119–20, 159–62, 196, 197–98, 199, 201, 203, 205, 213–14, 215–28, 232, 270, 293, 334, 392
military intervention by, 115, 117–20, 187–91, 197, 199–200, 218, 419
United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 419
Universidad Andina Nesto Cáceres, 359
Uruguay, 171, 176, 181, 189, 213, 273, 318
Vaccaro, Joseph, 114
Valdivia, Pedro de, 73
Valladolid, Spain, 287, 289
Valverde, Vicente de, 88, 301
Vargas Llosa, Mario, 2, 119, 135, 208, 223, 239–40
Vasconcelos, José, 345
Vásquez, Juan Adolfo, 238
Vásquez, Juan Gabriel, 200, 351–52
Vatican, 199, 267, 298, 318, 343
blindness and missteps of, 332–34
corruption in, 42, 280–81
Jesuits disbanded by, 296, 313
liberation theology and, 321–26, 343
wealth of, 43, 50, 69, 71, 314, 437–38
Vatican Council I, 322
Vatican Council II, 322–25, 328
Velasco, José María, 293
Velasco Alvarado, Juan, 228
Velázquez, Diego, 57–58, 67, 68, 138–39, 284
Velazquez de Cuéllar, Diego, 55
Venezuela, 93, 116, 155, 165, 174, 181, 200, 203, 214, 241, 242, 244, 285, 353–54, 356, 443, 445
Venice, 66, 97
Veracruz, Mexico, 67, 147, 247, 277, 279, 281, 299
Veta Madre (mother lode), 101–4
Videla, Jorge Rafael, 212–14
Vietnam, 216
Vietnam War, 214, 218, 223, 323
Villa, Pancho, 173, 194
Villagra, Gaspar Pérez de, 283
violence, 2–3, 93, 112–13, 114–15, 123–24, 125, 135–37, 145–50, 156–58, 168–71, 181–87, 189, 209, 210, 212–15, 217, 242–43, 244, 288, 303–4, 353–54
under authoritarian rule, 192–222, 238–48, 253
drugs and, 224–25, 235–38, 332, 334, 354–57, 440, 446
as everyday fact of life in Latin America, 238–48, 351–62
as formative component of Latin American culture, 2–8, 135–248, 361–62
historical perspective of Latin American culture of, 54, 74, 135–62, 223, 234–48, 271
indigenous, 33–34, 60, 77, 94, 138–50, 151, 154–58, 183, 201, 239, 271–75, 342, 350, 401
left- vs. right-wing, 202–4, 212, 215–19, 223, 244, 294
as legacy of conquistadors, 189, 238–43, 282
ongoing culture of, 172–81, 187–91, 192–222, 351–62
ritual, 142, 149–50, 151, 248, 257–58, 271–75
see also atrocities; crime; specific countries and cultures
Viracocha, 266
Virgin Mary, 3, 315, 318, 346
Virgin of Cuapa, tears of, 220
Virgin of Guadalupe, 324
Virgin of Remedios, 324
Voltaire, 167
voodoo, 207, 315, 346
Walker, William, 197
Wari people, 256, 265
War of a Thousand Days, 201
wars of independence, see revolutions, Latin American
“War to the Death” policy, 170–71, 231
Washington, D.C., 137, 214, 234–37, 355
Washington, George, 167, 170
Waterloo, Battle of, 169
weapons, use of metals in, 23–24
White King, myth of, 75, 80
wilancha (ritual sacrifice), 107
women, 17, 211, 232, 328, 339
as agents of change, 336–37
Bolivian clothing style of, 268, 292
Christianization of, 299
suffrage for, 254, 268
traditional mining work of, 1, 12–13, 46, 99, 111, 124–28, 131, 337, 359
as victims of war, 181, 184, 219
“Word of God,” use of term, 340, 342
World Cup (1978), 214
World War I, 203
World War II, 182, 190, 253, 317
Wounded Knee, Battle of, 104
Xipe Totec “the Flayer,” 143–44, 277
Yahuarcocha, Lake (“pool of blood”), 33
Yanacocha mine, 122, 124
yanakunas (slaves), 90, 290
Yaqui people, 196, 295, 319
Yarborough, William P., 190
Yopi people, 277
Yoruba, 315
Yucatán, 60–61, 106, 108, 298
Zacatecas, 95
Zafra de los Diez Millones (sugar harvest), 179–81
Zapata, Emiliano, 173, 194
Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN), 341–42
Zapatista uprising (1994), 340–43
Zapotecs, 265
zero, use of, 264
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Copyright © 2019 by Marie Arana
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Arana, Marie (Writer), author.
Title: Silver, sword, and stone: three crucibles in the Latin American story / Marie Arana.
Description: New York: Simon & Schuster, 2019.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018057093|ISBN 9781501104244 (hardback) | ISBN 1501104241 (hardback)
Subjects: LCSH: Gonzales, Leonor. | Buergos, Carlos. | Albró, Xavier, 1934—|Latin America—Biography. |Latin American—History.|BISAC: HISTORY/Latin America/General. | SOCIAL SCIENCE/Developing Countries.
Classification: LCC F1407 .A685 2019 | DDC 920.08—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018057093
ISBN 978-1-5011-0424-4
ISBN 978-1-5011-0502-9 (ebook)
