2 William Manchester. American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur 1880–1964 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1978).
3 William Forbes Skene. The Highlanders of Scotland (Stirling, Scotland: Eneas Mackay, 1902).
4 D. Clayton James. The Years of MacArthur Volume I, 1880–1941 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1970).
5 Ibid.
6 Ibid.
7 Ibid.
8 MacArthur, Reminiscences.
9 Ibid.
10 James, Years of MacArthur Volume I.
11 Manchester, American Caesar.
12 Jules Archer. Front-Line General: Douglas MacArthur (New York: Julian Messner, 1963); MacArthur, Reminiscences.
13 MacArthur, Reminiscences.
14 Ibid.
15 Manchester, American Caesar.
16 Ibid. (citing the Ohio Historical Quarterly).
17 Frazier Hunt. The Untold Story of Douglas MacArthur (New York: Devin-Adair, 1954).
18 Ibid.
19 Robert Considine. General Douglas MacArthur (Greenwich, Conn.: Fawcett, 1964); Thomas J. Fleming. West Point (New York: William Morrow, 1969).
20 MacArthur, Reminiscences; Archer, Front-Line General.
21 MacArthur, Reminiscences.
22 Ibid.
23 Geoffrey Perret. Old Soldiers Never Die: The Life of Douglas MacArthur (Holbrook, Mass.: Adams Media Corp., 1996).
24 Ibid.
25 Ibid. (from the MacArthur Memorial and Archives).
26 Ibid.
27 Ibid.
Chapter Four: “Some Damned Foolishness in the Balkans”
1 George C. Marshall. Memoirs of My Services in the World War 1917–1918 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1976).
2 Martin Blumenson. The Patton Papers: 1885–1940 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1972).
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid. Quoted from Frank Vandiver. Black Jack: The Life and Times of John J. Pershing, Volume II (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1977).
5 Fred Ayer, Jr. Before the Colors Fade: Portrait of a Soldier: George S. Patton, Jr. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1964).
6 Harry H. Semmes. Portrait of Patton (New York: Appleton, 1955).
7 Blumenson, Patton Papers: 1885–1940.
8 Douglas MacArthur. Reminiscences: General of the Army (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964).
9 D. Clayton James. The Years of MacArthur Volume I, 1880–1941 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1970).
10 MacArthur, Reminiscences.
11 Blumenson, Patton Papers: 1885–1940.
12 Forrest C. Pogue. George C. Marshall: Education of a General 1880–1939 (New York: Viking, 1963).
13 Ibid.
14 George C. Marshall. Interviews and Reminiscences (Lexington, Va.: George C. Marshall Research Foundation, 1996).
15 Ibid.
16 Ibid.
17 Ibid.
18 Blumenson, Patton Papers: 1885–1940.
19 Ibid.
20 Ibid.
21 Carlo D’Este. Patton: A Genius for War (New York: HarperCollins, 1995); Blumenson, Patton Papers: 1885–1940.
22 Martin Blumenson. Patton: The Man Behind the Legend, 1885–1945 (New York: William Morrow, 1985).
23 James, Years of MacArthur Volume I.
24 MacArthur, Reminiscences; Francis P. Duffy. Father Duffy’s Story: A Tale of Humor and Heroism, of Life and Death with the Fighting Sixty-Ninth (New York: Doran, 1919).
25 MacArthur, Reminiscences.
26 James, Years of MacArthur Volume I.
27 Blumenson, Patton Papers: 1885–1940.
28 Ibid.
29 Ibid.
30 Ibid.
31 Blumenson, Patton.
32 Ibid.
33 Blumenson, Patton Papers: 1885–1940.
34 Marshall, Memoirs of My Services.
35 Winston Churchill. The World Crisis 1911–1918, vol. III (London: Thornton Butterworth, Ltd., 1927).
36 Pogue, Education of a General.
37 Ibid.
38 Frazier Hunt. The Untold Story of Douglas MacArthur (New York: Devin-Adair, 1954).
39 James, Years of MacArthur Volume I.
40 Jules Archer. Front-Line General: Douglas MacArthur (New York: Julian Messner, 1963).
41 Duffy, Father Duffy’s Story.
42 Hunt, The Untold Story of Douglas MacArthur.
Chapter Five: Courage Was the Rule
1 Martin Blumenson. The Patton Papers: 1885–1940 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1972).
2 Martin Blumenson. Patton: The Man Behind the Legend, 1885–1945 (New York: William Morrow, 1985).
3 Harry H. Semmes. Portrait of Patton (New York: Appleton, 1955); Blumenson, Patton Papers: 1885–1940.
4 Douglas MacArthur. Reminiscences: General of the Army (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964).
5 Ed Cray. General of the Army: George C. Marshall, Soldier and Statesman (New York: Cooper Square Press, 1990).
6 George C. Marshall. Interviews and Reminiscences (Lexington, Va.: George C. Marshall Research Foundation, 1996).
7 MacArthur, Reminiscences.
8 Blumenson, Patton Papers: 1885–1940.
9 William Henry Amerine. Alabama’s Own in France (New York: Eaton and Gettinger, 1919); Lt. John H. Taber. The Story of the 168th Infantry (Iowa City: State Historical Society of Iowa, 1925).
10 MacArthur, Reminiscences.
11 D. Clayton James. The Years of MacArthur Volume I, 1880–1941 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1970); MacArthur, Reminiscences.
12 MacArthur, Reminiscences.
13 Blumenson, Patton Papers: 1885–1940.
14 Ibid.
15 George C. Marshall. Memoirs of My Services in the World War 1917–1918 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1976).
16 Forrest C. Pogue. George C. Marshall: Education of a General 1880–1939 (New York: Viking, 1963).
17 Geoffrey Perret. Old Soldiers Never Die: The Life of Douglas MacArthur. (Holbrook, Mass.: Adams Media Corp., 1996).
18 Frazier Hunt. The Untold Story of Douglas MacArthur (New York: Devin-Adair, 1954).
19 Amerine, Alabama’s Own in France.
20 Ibid.
21 Ibid.
22 Perret, Old Soldiers Never Die.
23 Hunt, The Untold Story of Douglas MacArthur.
Chapter Six: The Sad, Great Heap of Fleurs Blanches
1 Forrest C. Pogue. George C. Marshall: Education of a General 1880–1939 (New York: Viking, 1963).
2 George C. Marshall. Interviews and Reminiscences (Lexington, Va.: George C. Marshall Research Foundation, 1996). (The descriptions of Marshall’s visit to England are contained in his diary located in the appendix.)
3 George C. Marshall. Memoirs of My Services in the World War 1917–1918 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1976).
4 Ibid. (Again, it is Marshall’s diary in the appendix that provides these descriptions.)
5 Winston Groom. A Storm in Flanders: Tragedy and Triumph on the Western Front (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2002).
6 Marshall, Memoirs of My Services.
7 Marshall, Interviews and Reminiscences.
8 Ruth Ellen Patton Totten. The Button Box: A Daughter’s Loving Memoir of Mrs. George S. Patton (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2005); Carlo D’Este. Patton: A Genius for War (New York: HarperCollins, 1995).
9 Ruth Ellen Patton Totten, The Button Box.
10 Ibid.
11 D’Este, Patton.
12 Ruth Ellen Patton Totten, The Button Box.
13 Stephen Ambrose. Eisenhower: Soldier, General of the Army, President-Elect, 1890–1952 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1983).
14 D’Este, Patton.
15 Martin Blumenson. The Patton Papers: 1885–1940 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1972).
16 Marshall, Interviews and Reminiscences.
17 Ruth Ellen Patton Totten, The Button Box.
18 Ibid.
19 D. Clayton James. The Years of MacArthur Volume I, 1880–1941 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1970); Douglas MacArthur. Reminiscences: General of the Army (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964).
21 William Addleman Ganoe. MacArthur Close-Up (New York: Vantage Press, 1962).
22 James, Years of MacArthur Volume I.
23 MacArthur, Reminiscences.
24 William Manchester. American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur 1880–1964 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1978).
25 Ibid.
26 Ed Cray. General of the Army: George C. Marshall, Soldier and Statesman (New York: Cooper Square Press, 1990).
27 William Frye. Marshall: Citizen Soldier (Indianapolis, New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1947).
28 Cray, General of the Army.
29 Ibid.
30 Mary Sutton Skutt. George C. Marshall: Reporting for Duty (Lexington, Va.: Blue Valley Books, 2001).
31 Ibid.
32 Ibid.
33 Pogue, Education of a General.
34 Cray, General of the Army.
35 Pogue, Education of a General.
36 Ibid.
37 Cray, General of the Army.
38 Pogue, Education of a General.
39 Skutt, George C. Marshall.
40 Cray, General of the Army.
41 Pogue, Education of a General. (The story of Katherine Brown comes almost entirely from Pogue, who recorded interviews with her in the 1960s, which are available from the George Marshall Foundation in Lexington, Virginia.)
42 Blumenson, Patton Papers: 1885–1940.
43 Ruth Ellen Patton Totten, The Button Box.
44 D’Este, Patton.
45 Ruth Ellen Patton Totten, The Button Box.
46 Blumenson, Patton Papers: 1885–1940.
47 D’Este, Patton.
48 Ruth Ellen Patton Totten, The Button Box.
49 Blumenson, Patton Papers: 1885–1940.
50 MacArthur, Reminiscences; Manchester, American Caesar (Boston: Little, Brown, 1978).
51 Manchester, American Caesar.
52 MacArthur, Reminiscences.
53 Ibid.
54 Manchester, American Caesar.
55 Ibid.
56 James, Years of MacArthur Volume I.
57 Ibid.
58 Manchester, American Caesar.
59 MacArthur, Reminiscences.
Chapter Seven: “I Am All He Has”
1 Mary Sutton Skutt. George C. Marshall: Reporting for Duty (Lexington, Va.: Blue Valley Books, 2001).
2 Ed Cray. General of the Army: George C. Marshall, Soldier and Statesman (New York: Cooper Square Press, 1990).
3 Carlo D’Este. Patton: A Genius for War (New York: HarperCollins, 1995); Ruth Ellen Patton Totten. The Button Box: A Daughter’s Loving Memoir of Mrs. George S. Patton (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2005).
4 Ibid.
5 Ibid.
6 D’Este, Patton.
7 Robert H. Patton. The Pattons: A Personal History of an American Family (New York: Crown, 1994); D’Este, Patton; Ruth Ellen Patton Totten, The Button Box.
8 Ruth Ellen Patton Totten, The Button Box.
9 William Manchester. American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur 1880–1964 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1978).
10 Ibid.
11 William Frye. Marshall: Citizen Soldier (Indianapolis, New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1947).
12 Winston Groom. 1942: The Year That Tried Men’s Souls (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2005). The World War II background is taken largely from this book.
13 John Costello. The Pacific War 1941–1945 (New York: Rawson, Wade, 1981).
14 Fleet Admiral William F. Halsey and Lt. Commander J. Bryan III. Admiral Halsey’s Story (New York: Whittlesey House, 1947).
15 Martin Blumenson. The Patton Papers: 1885–1940 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1972).
16 D’Este, Patton.
17 Ibid.
18 General George C. Kenney. The MacArthur I Know (New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1951).
Chapter Eight: This Means War
1 John Toland. The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire (New York: Random House, 1970).
2 Winston Churchill. The Second World War, vol. II (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1948).
3 Lewis H. Brereton. The Brereton Diaries (New York: William Morrow, 1946).
4 Ibid.
5 William Manchester. American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur 1880–1964 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1978).
6 Ruth Ellen Patton Totten. The Button Box: A Daughter’s Loving Memoir of Mrs. George S. Patton (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2005). The entire episode regarding Ruth Ellen’s marriage to James Totten is recorded in this excellent book.
7 Martin Blumenson. The Patton Papers: 1885–1940 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1972).
8 Ibid.
Chapter Nine: There Will Be a Big Tank Battle in the Morning
1 Martin Blumenson. The Patton Papers: 1940–1945 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1974).
2 Winston Groom. 1942: The Year That Tried Men’s Souls (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2005).
3 Ibid.
4 Blumenson, Patton Papers: 1940–1945.
5 General George S. Patton Jr. War As I Knew It (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1947, 1995). (The diaries, letters, and other documents quoted regarding Patton’s adventures in North Africa and Sicily unless otherwise noted are contained in this book and in Blumenson, Patton Papers: 1940–1945, and in order to avoid the repeated ibid. they will not be further annotated.)
6 Carlo D’Este. Patton: A Genius for War (New York: HarperCollins, 1995).
7 Winston Groom. 1942: The Year That Tried Men’s Souls (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2005).
8 Ernie Pyle. Here Is Your War (New York: Henry Holt, 1943).
9 Omar N. Bradley and Clay Blair. A General’s Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1983).
10 Omar N. Bradley. A Soldier’s Story (New York: Henry Holt, 1951).
11 D’Este, Patton.
12 Ibid. (quoting Albert N. Garland and Howard M. Smyth. Sicily and the Surrender of Italy [Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1965]).
13 Ibid.
14 Carlo D’Este. Bitter Victory: The Battle for Sicily (New York: Penguin Putnam, 1992).
15 Bradley and Blair, A General’s Life.
16 Ibid.; D’Este, Bitter Victory.
17 Ibid.
18 Bradley and Blair, A General’s Life.
19 Blumenson, Patton Papers: 1940–1945.
20 Winston Groom. The Aviators: Eddie Rickenbacker, Jimmy Doolittle, Charles Lindbergh, and the Epic Age of Flight (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 2013).
Chapter Ten: “I Shall Return”
1 Jonathan M. Wainwright. General Wainwright’s Story (New York: Doubleday, 1945).
2 Douglas MacArthur. Reminiscences: General of the Army (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964).
3 Ibid.
4 Winston Groom. 1942: The Year That Tried Men’s Souls (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2005).
5 MacArthur, Reminiscences.
6 Ibid.
7 Brigadier General Steve Mellnik. Philippine Diary 1939–1945 (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1969).
8 Donald Knox. Death March: The Survivors of Bataan (New York: Harcourt, 1981).
9 Abie Abraham. Oh, God, Where Are You? (New York: Vantage Press, 1997).
10 Knox, Death March.
11 Ibid.
12 John Costello. The Pacific War 1941–1945 (New York: Rawson, Wade, 1981).
13 Robert L. Eichelberger. Our Jungle Road to Tokyo (New York: Viking, 1950).
14 Ibid.
15 MacArthur, Reminiscences.
16 Ibid.
17 General George C. Kenney. The MacArthur I Know (New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1951).
18 Allen Phelps Julian. MacArthur: The Life of a General (New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1963).
19 Ibid.
20 Col. Charles H. MacDonald. “Lindbergh in Battle,” Colliers, June 6, 1946.
21 Julian, MacArthur.
22 MacArthur, Reminiscences.
23 Samuel I. Rosenman. Working with Roosevelt (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1952), quoted
in D. Clayton James, The Years of MacArthur Volume II (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1975).
24 James, Years of MacArthur Volume II.
25 MacArthur, Reminiscences.
26 Ibid.
27 Ibid.
28 William Manchester. American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur 1880–1964 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1978).
29 Ibid.
Chapter Eleven: Overlord
1 William Frye. Marshall: Citizen Soldier (Indianapolis, New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1947).
2 Ibid.
3 Ibid.
4 George C. Marshall. Interviews and Reminiscences (Lexington, Va.: George C. Marshall Research Foundation, 1996).
5 Ibid.
6 Ibid.
7 Martin Blumenson. The Patton Papers: 1940–1945 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1974).
8 Ibid.
9 Forrest C. Pogue. George C. Marshall: Organizer of Victory 1943–1945 (New York: Viking, 1973).
10 Blumenson, Patton Papers: 1940–1945. (All of the following Patton letters and diary inserts come from this source.)
11 Carlo D’Este. Patton: A Genius for War (New York: HarperCollins, 1995).
12 Pogue, Organizer of Victory.
13 Ibid.
14 Ibid.
Chapter Twelve: Let’s Win It All
1 General George S. Patton Jr. War As I Knew It (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1947, 1995).
2 Alan Axelrod. Patton’s Drive: The Making of America’s Greatest General (Guilford, Conn.: Lyons Press, 2009).
3 Omar N. Bradley and Clay Blair. A General’s Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1983).
4 Dwight Eisenhower. Crusade in Europe (New York: Doubleday, 1948).
5 Axelrod, Patton’s Drive.
6 Terry Brighton. Patton, Montgomery, Rommel: Masters of War (New York: Crown, 2008).
7 Martin Blumenson. The Patton Papers: 1940–1945 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1974).
8 Ibid.
9 Patton, War As I Knew It.
10 Blumenson, Patton Papers: 1940–1945.
11 Ibid.
12 Colonel Paul D. Harkins, Patton’s deputy chief of staff, as told in Patton, War As I Knew It.
13 Blumenson, Patton Papers: 1940–1945.
14 Ibid.
15 Patton, War As I Knew It.
16 Ibid.
17 Ibid.
18 Blumenson, Patton Papers: 1940–1945.
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