Arabs
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INDEX
Abarkawan Island (i)
Abbadid dynasty (i)
al-Abbas b. Abd al-Muttalib (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
al-Abbas b. al-Ahnaf (i)
Abbasah (i)
Abbasid dynasty and period (i), (ii), (iii), Chapters 9 and 10 passim, (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii)
as ‘puppet’ caliphs in Egypt (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
end of rule in Baghdad (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
founding revolution (i), (ii), (iii)
intellectual developments (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
loss of power Chapter 10 passim
persianizing tendencies (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
posts and communications (i)
Abd Allah b. al-Abbas (i), (ii)
Abd Allah b. Abd al-Muttalib (i), (ii)
Abd Allah b. Ali (Abbasid commander) (i), (ii)
Abd Allah b. Ghiyath al-Din (Abbasid in Sumatra) (i), (ii), (iii)
Abd Allah b. Husayn b. Ali, King (of Transjordan) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Abd Allah b. Mas’ud (i)
Abd Allah b. Muhammad (son of the Prophet) (i)
Abd Allah b. al-Zubayr, anti-Caliph (i), (ii), (iii)
Abd al-Aziz Ibn Sa’ud, King (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), Plate 18
Abd al-Fattah Isma’il (i)
Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi (i)
Abd al-Majid II, Sultan (i), (ii)
Abd al-Malik, Caliph (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Abd al-Muttalib (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Abd al-Qadir al-Jaylani (i)
Abd al-Qays (tribe) (i)
Abd al-Rahman I (‘the Falcon of Quraysh’) (i), (ii)
Abd al-Rahman II (Cordova ruler) (i)
Abd al-Rahman III, Caliph (of Cordova) (i)
Abd al-Rahman b. Muhammad b. al-Ash’ath (i)
Abd al-Samad b. al-Fadl (i)
Abd Shams (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
al-Abdari (i)
Abel (i)
Abid b. Sharyah (i), (ii)
Aboukir Bay, battle of (i)
Abrahah (i), (ii)
Abraham see Ibrahim
Abraham b. Yiju (i)
Abs (tribe) (i)
Abu ’l-Abbas al-Saffah, Caliph see al-Saffah, Caliph Abu ’l-Abbas
Abu Amir (i)
Abu Ata (i)
Abu Bakr, Caliph (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii)
Abu Dawud (i)
Abu Dhabi (i), (ii)
Abu ’l-Fida’ (i)
Abu Hanifah (i)
Abu Hashim b. Muhammad b. Ali (i)
Abu Jahl (i)
Abu Lahab (i), (ii)
Abu Muslim (i), (ii), (iii)
Abu Nuwas (i), (ii), (iii)
Abu Sufyan (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv)
Abu Talib (i), (ii)
Abu Tammam (i), (ii), (iii)
Abu Zayd (maqamat character) (i)
Abu Zikri ha-Kohen (i)
Aburish, Said (i)
Abyssinia see Ethiopia and Ethiopians
Aceh (i)
Ad (legendary prehistoric people) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
Adam (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Aden (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv)
Aden Protectorates (i), (ii), (iii)
Adnanis (‘Northern’ Arabs) (i), (ii), (iii)
Adonis (Ali Ahmad Sa’id Isbir) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi)
Adud al-Dawlah (i)
Aelius Gallus (i)
Aeneas (i)
Afghanistan (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Aflaq, Michel (i), (ii)
Africa and Africans, sub-Saharan (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv)
Ahl al-Taswiyyah (the ‘Levellers’) (i); see also Shu’ubis
Ahmadabad (i)
Ahmad Ali Abd Allah Salih (i), (ii)
Ahmad b. Hanbal (i)
Ahmad b. Muhammad Ibn Battutah (i)
Ahmad b. Tulun (i)
Ahmad b. Yahya Hamid-al-Din, Imam (i), (ii), (iii)
Ahmed, Leila (i)
al-Ahnaf (i), (ii)
al-Ahwaz (i)
A’ishah (i), (ii), (iii)
’ajam (non-Arabs) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii)
Ajami, Fouad (i), (ii), (iii)
al-Ajami, Muhammad (i)
al-Akhtal (i)
Akkadians (i)
Akkadian language (i)
Alawis (i)
al-Alayli, Abd Allah (i)
Albania and Albanians (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Alcatraz (i)
alcohol see wine
Aleppo (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii)
Great Mosque of (i), (ii), Plate 27
Alexander the Great (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Alexandretta, Gulf of (i)
Alexandria (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Alexius, Emperor (i)
Alfonso VI, King (i)
Algeria (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii)
Algiers (i)
Alhambra (i)
Ali b. Abd Allah b. al-Abbas (i)
Ali Abd Allah Salih Affash (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
Ali b. Abi Talib, Caliph (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv)
Ali the Cobbler (i)
Ali b. Muhammad (rebel leader) (i)
Ali al-Rida, Imam (i)
Alids (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Al Jazeera see Jazeera, Al
Allah (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix), (xl)
Most Beautiful Names of (i), (ii)
Allat (deity) see al-Lat
Almohads (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Almoravids (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Alp Arslan (i), (ii)
Amalekites (i)
Americas, the (i), (ii), (iii)
Amharic language (i)
al-Amin, Caliph (i)
Amir, Yigal (i)
Amman (i)
Amorium (i)
Amr b. Adi, King (i)
Amr b. al-As (i), (ii), (iii)
Amr b. Kulthum (i)
Amr b. Luhayy (i), (ii)
Amr b. al-Zubayr (i)
amsar (imperial garrison cities) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Anatolia (i), (ii); see also Asia Minor
Anazah (tribe) (i)
al-Anbar (i), (ii)
al-Andalus (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi)
Anderson, Benedict (i), (ii)
Angles, Anglo-Saxons (i), (ii)
Ankara (i)
al-Ansar see Aws; Khazraj
Ansar Allah see Huthis
Antar/Antarah (i), (ii)
Antioch (i)
‘Apostasy’, war of see Riddah
Arab ‘Awakening’ see al-Nahdah
Arab empire (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), Chapter 7 passim, (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii)
decline and fragmentation of (i), Chapters 10 and 11 passim
economic foundations of (i), (ii)
Arab-Israeli war of 1948 (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Arab-Israeli war of 1967 (i), (ii), (iii)
Arab-Israeli war of 1973 (i)
Arab League (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Arab Revolt (1917) (i), (ii), (iii)
‘Arab Spring’ (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii)
Arabia Deserta (i), (ii)
Arabia Felix (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Arabia Petraea (i)
Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco) (i)
Arabian Peninsula (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv)
Bronze Age (i)
climate change in (i), (ii), (iii)
early man in (i), (ii), (iii)
neolithic period (i)
palaeolithic period (i)
population (i), (ii)
unified under state of Medina (i), (ii), (iii)
Arabian Sea (i)
Arabian subcontinent (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Arabian tectonic plate 20
Arabic-Islamic cultural ‘empire’ (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), Chapter 12 passim
Arabic language
as a unifying factor (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix), (xl), (xli), (xlii), (xliii)
colonial censorship and restriction of (i), (ii)
dialects (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii)
early development of (i), (ii), (iii)
early inscriptions in (i), (ii); see also al-Namarah inscription
graffiti in North Arabian languages (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
‘high’ form (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix), (xl), (xli), (xlii), (xliii), (xliv), (xlv)
loan-words in English (i), (ii)
loan-words in other languages (i)
‘Modern Standard Arabic’ (i)
‘mongrelization’ of, in imperial times (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
neologisms (i), (ii)
North Arabian language group (i), (ii), (iii); see also Safaitic language; ‘Thamudic’ language
penetration of Asian and African languages (i)
richness of vocabulary (i), (ii)
studies (grammar, lexicography, philology) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi)
translation from (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
translation into (i), (ii), (iii)
Arabic literature see books; maqamat; poetry and poets; prose in Arabic; saj’
Arabic printing (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Arabic script (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii)
calligraphic ‘genealogies’ (i)
development of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
‘Kufic’ form (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
use for non-Arabic languages (i)
arab(ic)ization
in Europe (i)
of the Arab empire (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv)
of Berbers (i)
of Crusaders (i)
of the Maghrib (i)
of the Mamluks (i)
of South Arabians (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv)
of Spain (i)
’arabiyyah see Arabic, ‘high’ form
‘arabness’ see ’urubah
Arabs
and dualism of thought (i), (ii)
and the ‘ever-present past’ (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
‘arabness’ of see ’urubah
as mercenaries (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi)
assimilation of non-Arabs (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); see also mawlas
disunity among (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix), (xl), (xli), (xlii), (xliii), (xliv)
ethnic and cultural formation of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv)
‘ethos’ and identity of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv); see also ’urubah
marriage and concubinage with non-Arabs (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi)
‘North–South’ divide among (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
‘persianization’ of (i), (ii), (iii)
possible origins of (i), (ii), (iii)
relations with non-Arab empires and superpowers (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), Chapter 13 passim, (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi)
unity among (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix), (xl), (xli), (xlii), (xliii), (xliv), (xlv), (xlvi), (xlvii), (xlviii), (xlix), (l), (li), (lii), (liii), (liv), (lv), (lvi), (lvii), (lviii), (lix), (lx)
Arabs/’arab/a’rab,
meanings and usages of the terms (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv)
Arafat, Mount (i)
Aragón (i), (ii)
Aral Sea (i), (ii)
Aramaic language (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
archery (i), (ii)
Argentina (i), (ii)
Aribi (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Aristotle (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Armenia, Armenians (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
al-Arsuzi, Zaki (i)
arya/Aryans (i), (ii), (iii)
’asabiyyah (‘bindedness’, group solidarity) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii)
al-Asad, Bashshar (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), Plate 26
al-Asad, Hafiz (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
al-A’sha/A’sha Qays (i), (ii)
al-Ash’ath (i), (ii)
Asia Minor (i), (ii), (iii); see also Anatolia
Asir (i)
Asma’ (i)
al-Asma’i (i), (ii), (iii)
’asr al-inhitat (‘the age of [literary] decline’) (i)
’asr al-tadwin (‘the age of setting down’) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
Assurbanipal, King (i), (ii)
Assyrians (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
astrology (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
astronomy (i)
al-Aswad al-Ansi (i), (ii)
Aswan High Dam (i), (ii)
Atatürk (i)
Athtar (deity) (i)
Athtar Shariqan (i)
Atiyah, Edward (i), (ii), (iii)
Atlantic Ocean (i), (ii)
Augustine of Canterbury, Saint (i)
Augustine of Hippo, Saint (i)
Augustus (i), (ii)
Austria-Hungary, Emperor of (i)
Averroes see Ibn Rushd
Awad, Luwis (i)
Aws (tribe) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Awsan (i), (ii)
Axum (i), (ii), (iii); see also Ethiopia and Ethiopians
‘ayatollah’, meaning of (i)
al-Aydarus family (i)
Aydid family (i)
Ayn Jalut (i)
Ayyub (i)
Ayyubid dynasty (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Azd (tribe) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Azdah (i)
Azerbaijan (i)
al-Azhar mosque (i), (ii), (iii)
Shaykh al-Azhar (i)
Ba Faqih family (i)
Babel see Babylon (Iraq)