Jerusalem Delivered

by Torquato Tasso

  To people strange the falling empire went,

  First Prince of Est, that did the sceptre sway

  O’er such as chose him lord by tree consent;

  His weaker neighbors to his rule obey,

  Need made them stoop, constraint doth force content;

  After, when Lord Honorius called the train

  Of savage Goths into his land again,

  LXVIII

  And when all Italy did burn and flame

  With bloody war, by this fierce people mad,

  When Rome a captive and a slave became,

  And to be quite destroyed was most afraid,

  Aurelius, to his everlasting fame,

  Preserved in peace the folk that him obeyed:

  Next whom was Forest, who the rage withstood

  Of the bold Huns, and of their tyrant proud.

  LXIX

  Known by his look was Attila the fell,

  Whose dragon eyes shone bright with anger’s spark,

  Worse faced than a dog, who viewed him well

  Supposed they saw him grin and heard him bark;

  But when in single fight he lost the bell,

  How through his troops he fled there might you mark,

  And how Lord Forest after fortified

  Aquilea’s town, and how for it he died.

  LXX

  For there was wrought the fatal end and fine,

  Both of himself and of the town he kept:

  But his great son renowned Acarine,

  Into his father’s place and honor stepped:

  To cruel fate, not to the Huns, Altine

  Gave place, and when time served again forth leapt,

  And in the vale of Po built for his seat

  Of many a village a small city great;

  LXXI

  Against the swelling flood he banked it strong,

  And thence uprose the fair and noble town

  Where they of Est should by succession long

  Command, and rule in bliss and high renown:

  Gainst Odoacer then he fought, but wrong

  Oft spoileth right, fortune treads courage down,

  For there he died for his dear country’s sake,

  And of his father’s praise did so partake.

  LXXII

  With him died Alforisio, Azzo was

  With his dear brother into exile sent,

  But homeward they in arms again repass —

  The Herule king oppressed — from banishment.

  His front through pierced with a dart, alas,

  Next them, of Est the Epaminondas went,

  That smiling seemed to cruel death to yield,

  When Totila was fled, and safe his shield.

  LXXIII

  Of Boniface I speak; Valerian,

  His son, in praise and power succeeded him,

  Who durst sustain, in years though scant a man,

  Of the proud Goths an hundred squadrons trim:

  Then he that gainst the Sclaves much honor wan,

  Ernesto, threatening stood with visage grim;

  Before him Aldoard, the Lombard stout

  Who from Monselce boldly erst shut out.

  LXXIV

  There Henry was and Berengare the bold

  That served great Charles in his conquest high,

  Who in each battle give the onset would,

  A hardy soldier and a captain sly;

  After, Prince Lewis did he well uphold

  Against his nephew, King of Italy,

  He won the field and took that king on live:

  Next him stood Otho with his children five.

  LXXV

  Of Almeric the image next they view,

  Lord Marquis of Ferrara first create,

  Founder of many churches, that upthrew

  His eyes, like one that used to contemplate;

  Gainst him the second Azzo stood in rew,

  With Berengarius that did long debate,

  Till after often change of fortune stroke,

  He won, and on all Italy laid the yoke.

  LXXVI

  Albert his son the Germans warred among,

  And there his praise and fame was spread so wide,

  That having foiled the Danes in battle strong,

  His daughter young became great Otho’s bride.

  Behind him Hugo stood with warfare long,

  That broke the horn of all the Romans’ pride,

  Who of all Italy the marquis hight,

  And Tuscan whole possessed as his right.

  LXXVII

  After Tebaldo, puissant Boniface

  And Beatrice his dear possessed the stage;

  Nor was there left heir male of that great race,

  To enjoy the sceptre, state and heritage;

  The Princess Maud alone supplied the place,

  Supplied the want in number, sex and age;

  For far above each sceptre, throne and crown,

  The noble dame advanced her veil and gown.

  LXXVIII

  With manlike vigor shone her noble look,

  And more than manlike wrath her face o’erspread,

  There the fell Normans, Guichard there forsook

  The field, till then who never feared nor fled;

  Henry the Fourth she beat, and from him took

  His standard, and in Church it offered;

  Which done, the Pope back to the Vatican

  She brought, and placed in Peter’s chair again.

  LXXIX

  As he that honored her and held her dear,

  Azzo the Fifth stood by her lovely side;

  But the fourth Azzo’s offspring far and near

  Spread forth, and through Germania fructified;

  Sprung from the branch did Guelpho bold appear,

  Guelpho his son by Cunigond his bride,

  And in Bavaria’s field transplanted new

  The Roman graft flourished, increased and grew.

  LXXX

  A branch of Est there in the Guelfian tree

  Engrafted was, which of itself was old,

  Whereon you might the Guelfoes fairer see,

  Renew their sceptres and their crowns of gold,

  Of which Heaven’s good aspects so bended be

  That high and broad it spread and flourished bold,

  Till underneath his glorious branches laid

  Half Germany, and all under his shade.

  LXXXI

  This regal plant from his Italian rout

  Sprung up as high, and blossomed fair above,

  Fornenst Lord Guelpho, Bertold issued out,

  With the sixth Azzo whom all virtues love;

  This was the pedigree of worthies stout,

  Who seemed in that bright shield to live and move.

  Rinaldo waked up and cheered his face,

  To see these worthies of his house and race.

  LXXXII

  To do like acts his courage wished and sought,

  And with that wish transported him so far

  That all those deeds which filled aye his thought,

  Towns won, forts taken, armies killed in war,

  As if they were things done indeed and wrought,

  Before his eyes he thinks they present are,

  He hastily arms him, and with hope and haste,

  Sure conquest met, prevented and embraced.

  LXXXIII

  But Charles, who had told the death and fall

  Of the young prince of Danes, his late dear lord,

  Gave him the fatal weapon, and withal,

  “Young knight,” quoth he, “take with good luck this sword,

  Your just, strong, valiant hand in battle shall

  Employ it long, for Christ’s true faith and word,

  And of his former lord revenge the wrongs,

  Who loved you so, that deed to you belongs.”

  LXXXIV

  He answered, “God for his mercy’s sake,

  Grant that this hand which holds t
his weapon good

  For thy dear master may sharp vengeance take,

  May cleave the Pagan’s heart, and shed his blood.”

  To this but short reply did Charles make,

  And thanked him much, nor more on terms they stood:

  For lo, the wizard sage that was their guide

  On their dark journey hastes them forth to ride.

  LXXXV

  “High time it is,” quoth he, “for you to wend

  Where Godfrey you awaits, and many a knight,

  There may we well arrive ere night doth end,

  And through this darkness can I guide you right.”

  This said, up to his coach they all ascend,

  On his swift wheels forth rolled the chariot light,

  He gave his coursers fleet the rod and rein,

  And galloped forth and eastward drove amain;

  LXXXVI

  While silent so through night’s dark shade they fly,

  The hermit thus bespake the young man stout:

  “Of thy great house, thy race, thine offspring high,

  Here hast thou seen the branch, the bole, the root,

  And as these worthies born to chivalry

  And deeds of arms it hath tofore brought out,

  So is it, so it shall be fertile still,

  Nor time shall end, nor age that seed shall kill.

  LXXXVII

  “Would God, as drawn from the forgetful lap

  Of antique time, I have thine elders shown;

  That so I could the catalogue unwrap

  Of thy great nephews yet unborn, unknown,

  That ere this light they view, their fate and hap

  I might foretell, and how their chance is thrown,

  That like thine elders so thou mightst behold

  Thy children, many, famous, stout and bold.

  LXXXVIII

  “But not by art or skill, of things future

  Can the plain truth revealed be and told,

  Although some knowledge doubtful, dark, obscure

  We have of coming haps in clouds uprolled;

  Nor all which in this cause I know for sure

  Dare I foretell: for of that father old,

  The hermit Peter, learned I much, and he

  Withouten veil heaven’s secrets great doth see.

  LXXXIX

  “But this, to him revealed by grace divine,

  By him to me declared, to thee I say,

  Was never race Greek, barbarous, or Latine,

  Great in times past, or famous at this day,

  Richer in hardy knights than this of thine;

  Such blessings Heaven shall on thy children lay

  That they in fame shall pass, in praise o’ercome,

  The worthies old of Sparta, Carthage, Rome.

  XC

  “But mongst the rest I chose Alphonsus bold,

  In virtue first, second in place and name,

  He shall be born when this frail world grows old,

  Corrupted, poor, and bare of men of fame,

  Better than he none shall, none can, or could,

  The sword or sceptre use or guide the same,

  To rule in peace or to command in fight,

  Thine offspring’s glory and thy house’s light.

  XCI

  “His younger age foretokens true shall yield

  Of future valor, puissance, force and might,

  From him no rock the savage beast shall shield;

  At tilt or tourney match him shall no knight:

  After, he conquer shall in pitched field

  Great armies and win spoils in single fight,

  And on his locks, rewards for knightly praise,

  Shall garlands wear of grass, of oak, of bays.

  XCII

  “His graver age, as well that eild it fits,

  Shall happy peace preserve and quiet blest,

  And from his neighbors strong mongst whom he sits

  Shall keep his cities safe in wealth and rest,

  Shall nourish arts and cherish pregnant wits,

  Make triumphs great, and feast his subjects best,

  Reward the good, the evil with pains torment,

  Shall dangers all foresee, and seen, prevent.

  XCIII

  “But if it hap against those wicked bands

  That sea and earth invest with blood and war,

  And in these wretched times to noble lands

  Give laws of peace false and unjust that are,

  That he be sent, to drive their guilty hands

  From Christ’s pure altars and high temples far,

  Oh, what revenge, what vengeance shall he bring

  On that false sect, and their accursed king!

  XCIV

  “Too late the Moors, too late the Turkish king,

  Gainst him should arm their troops and legions bold

  For he beyond great Euphrates should bring,

  Beyond the frozen tops of Taurus cold,

  Beyond the land where is perpetual spring,

  The cross, the eagle white, the lily of gold,

  And by baptizing of the Ethiops brown

  Of aged Nile reveal the springs unknown.”

  XCV

  Thus said the hermit, and his prophecy

  The prince accepted with content and pleasure,

  The secret thought of his posterity

  Of his concealed joys heaped up the measure.

  Meanwhile the morning bright was mounted high,

  And changed Heaven’s silver wealth to golden treasure,

  And high above the Christian tents they view

  How the broad ensigns trembled, waved and blew,

  XCVI

  When thus again their leader sage begun,

  “See how bright Phoebus clears the darksome skies,

  See how with gentle beams the friendly sun

  The tents, the towns, the hills and dales descries,

  Through my well guiding is your voyage done,

  From danger safe in travel off which lies,

  Hence without fear of harm or doubt of foe

  March to the camp, I may no nearer go.”

  XCVII

  Thus took he leave, and made a quick return,

  And forward went the champions three on foot,

  And marching right against the rising morn

  A ready passage to the camp found out,

  Meanwhile had speedy fame the tidings borne

  That to the tents approached these barons stout,

  And starting from his throne and kingly seat

  To entertain them, rose Godfredo great.

  EIGHTEENTH BOOK

  THE ARGUMENT.

  Rinaldo chaseth from the forest old;

  The host of Egypt comes; Vafrin the spy

  Entereth their camp, stout, crafty, wise and bold;

  Sharp is the fight about the bulwarks high

  And ports of Zion, to assault the hold:

  Godfrey hath aid from Heaven, by force the town

  Is won, the Pagans slain, walls beaten down.

  I

  Arrived where Godfrey to embrace him stood,

  “My sovereign lord,” Rinaldo meekly said,

  “To venge my wrongs against Gernando proud

  My honor’s care provoked my wrath unstayed;

  But that I you displeased, my chieftain good,

  My thoughts yet grieve, my heart is still dismayed,

  And here I come, prest all exploits to try

  To make me gracious in your gracious eye.”

  II

  To him that kneeled, folding his friendly arms

  About his neck, the duke this answer gave:

  “Let pass such speeches sad, of passed harms.

  Remembrance is the life of grief; his grave,

  Forgetfulness; and for amends, in arms

  Your wonted valor use and courage brave;

  For you alone to happy end must bring

  The strong enchantment
s of the charmed spring.

  III

  “That aged wood whence heretofore we got,

  To build our scaling engines, timber fit,

  Is now the fearful seat, but how none wot,

  Where ugly fiends and damned spirits sit;

  To cut one twist thereof adventureth not

  The boldest knight we have, nor without it

  This wall can battered be: where others doubt

  There venture thou, and show thy courage stout.”

  IV

  Thus said he, and the knight in speeches few

  Proffered his service to attempt the thing,

  To hard assays his courage willing flew,

  To him praise was no spur, words were no sting;

  Of his dear friends then he embraced the crew

  To welcome him which came; for in a ring

  About him Guelpho, Tancred and the rest

  Stood, of the camp the greatest, chief and best.

  V

  When with the prince these lords had iterate

  Their welcomes oft, and oft their dear embrace,

  Toward the rest of lesser worth and state,

  He turned, and them received with gentle grace;

  The merry soldiers bout him shout and prate,

  With cries as joyful and as cheerful face

  As if in triumph’s chariot bright as sun,

  He had returned Afric or Asia won.

  VI

  Thus marched to his tent the champion good,

  And there sat down with all his friends around;

  Now of the war he asked, now of the wood,

  And answered each demand they list propound;

  But when they left him to his ease, up stood

  The hermit, and, fit time to speak once found,

  “My lord,” he said, “your travels wondrous are,

  Far have you strayed, erred, wandered far.

  VII

  “Much are you bound to God above, who brought

  You safe from false Armida’s charmed hold,

  And thee a straying sheep whom once he bought

  Hath now again reduced to his fold,

  And gainst his heathen foes these men of naught

  Hath chosen thee in place next Godfrey bold;

  Yet mayest thou not, polluted thus with sin,

  In his high service war or fight begin.

  VIII

  “The world, the flesh, with their infection vile

  Pollute the thoughts impure, thy spirit stain;

  Not Po, not Ganges, not seven-mouthed Nile,

  Not the wide seas, can wash thee clean again,

  Only to purge all faults which thee defile

  His blood hath power who for thy sins was slain:

  His help therefore invoke, to him bewray

  Thy secret faults, mourn, weep, complain and pray.”

  IX

  This said, the knight first with the witch unchaste

  His idle loves and follies vain lamented;