One Thousand and One Nights

by Richard Burton

  This gazelle is the daughter of my father’s brother and my own flesh and blood. I married her whilst she was yet of tender age and lived with her near thirty years, without being blessed with a child by her. So I took me a concubine and had by her a son like the rising full moon, with eyes and eyebrows of perfect beauty; and he grew up and flourished till he reached the age of fifteen, when I had occasion to journey to a certain city, and set out thither with great store of merchandise. Now my wife had studied sorcery and magic from her youth: so, I being gone, she turned my son into a calf and his mother into a cow and delivered them both to the cowherd: and when, after a long absence, I returned from my journey and inquired after my son and his mother, my wife said to me, “Thy slave died and her son ran away, whither I know not.” I abode for the space of a year, mournful-hearted and weeping-eyed, till the coming of the Greater Festival, when I sent to the herdsman and bade him bring me a fat cow for the purpose of sacrifice. So he brought me the very cow into which my wife had changed my concubine by her art; and I tucked up my skirts and taking the knife in my hand, went up to the cow to slaughter her; but she lowed and moaned so piteously, that I was seized with wonder and compassion and held my hand from her and said to the herd, “Bring me another cow.” “Not so!” cried my wife. “Slaughter this one, for we have no finer nor fatter.” So I went up to her again, but she cried out, and I left her and ordered the herdsman to kill her and skin her. So he killed her and flayed her, but found on her neither fat nor flesh, only skin and bone. Then I was sorry for having slain her, when repentance availed me not; and I gave her to the herd and said to him, “Bring me a fat calf.” So he brought me my son in the guise of a calf; and when he saw me, he broke his halter and came up to me and fawned on me and moaned and wept, till I took pity on him and said to the man, “Bring me a cow and let this calf go.” But my wife cried out at me and said, “Not so: thou must sacrifice this calf and none other to-day: for it is a holy and a blessed day, on which it behoves us to offer up none but a good thing, and we have no calf fatter or finer than this one.” Quoth I, “Look at the condition of the cow I slaughtered by thine order; we were deceived in her, and now I will not be persuaded by thee to slay this calf this time.” “By the great God, the Compassionate, the Merciful,” answered she, “thou must without fail sacrifice this calf on this holy day! Else thou art no longer my husband nor am I thy wife.” When I heard this harsh speech from her, I went up to the calf, knowing not what she aimed at, and took the knife in my hand.’” Here Shehrzad perceived the day and was silent; and her sister said to her, “What a charming and delightful story!” Quoth Shehrzad, “This is nothing to what I will tell thee to-morrow night, if the King let me live.” And the King said to himself, “By Allah, I will not kill her, till I hear the rest of the story!” So they lay together till morning, when the King went out to his hall of audience and the Vizier came in to him, with the winding-sheet under his arm. Then the King ordered and appointed and deposed, without telling the Vizier aught of what had happened, much to the former’s surprise, until the end of the day, when the Divan broke up and he retired to his apartments.

  And when it was the second night

  Dunyazad said to her sister Shehrzad, “O my sister, finish us thy story of the merchant and the genie.” “With all my heart,” answered she, “if the King give me leave.” The king bade her “Say on.” So she began as follows: “It has reached me, O august king and wise governor, that the first old man continued his story as follows: ‘O lord of the Kings of the Jinn, as I was about to kill the calf, my heart failed me and I said to the herdsman, “Keep this calf with the rest of the cattle.” So he took it and went away. Next day the herd came to me, as I was sitting by myself, and said to me, “O my lord, I have that to tell thee will rejoice thee, and I claim a reward for good news.” Quoth I, “It is well.” And he said, “O merchant, I have a daughter, who learnt the art of magic in her youth from an old woman who lived with us, and yesterday, when I took home the calf that thou gavest me, she looked at it and veiled her face and fell a-weeping. Then she laughed and said to me, ‘O my father, am I become of so little account in thine eyes that thou bringest in to me strange men?’ ‘Where are the strange men?’ asked I. ‘And why dost thou weep and laugh?’ Quoth she, ‘The calf thou hast there is our master’s son, who has been enchanted, as well as his mother, by his father’s wife. This is why I laughed: and I wept for his mother, because his father slaughtered her.’ I wondered exceedingly at this and the day had no sooner broken than I came to tell thee.” When (continued the old man) I heard the herdsman’s story, O genie, I went out with him, drunken without wine for stress of joy and gladness, and accompanied him to his house, where his daughter welcomed me and kissed my hand; and the calf came up to me and fawned on me. Said I to the girl, “Is it true what I hear about this calf?” “Yes, O my lord,” answered she, “this is indeed thy son and the darling of thy heart.” So I said to her, “O damsel, if thou wilt release him, all that is under thy father’s hand of beasts and goods shall be thine!” But she smiled and said, “O my lord, I care not for wealth, but I will do what thou desirest upon two conditions, the first that thou marry me to this thy son, and the second that thou permit me to bewitch the sorceress and imprison her (in the shape of a beast); else I shall not be safe from her craft.” I answered, “Besides what thou seekest, thou shalt have all that is under thy father’s hand, and as to my wife, it shall be lawful to thee to shed her blood, if thou wilt.” When she heard this, she took a cup full of water, and conjured over it; then sprinkled the calf with the water, saying, “If thou be a calf by the creation of the Almighty, abide in that form and change not: but if thou be enchanted, return to thine original form, with the permission of God the Most High!” With that he shook and became a man: and I fell upon him and said to him, “For God’s sake, tell me what my wife did with thee and thy mother.” So he told me what had befallen them and I said to him, “O my son, God hath sent thee one to deliver and avenge thee.” Then I married him to the herdsman’s daughter, and she transformed my wife into this gazelle, saying to me, “I have given her this graceful form for thy sake, that thou mayest look on her without aversion.” She dwelt with us days and nights and nights and days, till God took her to Himself; and after her death, my son set out on a journey to the land of Ind, which is this merchant’s native country; and after awhile, I took the gazelle and travelled with her from place to place, seeking news of my son, till chance led me to this garden, where I found this merchant sitting weeping; and this is my story.’ Quoth the genie, ‘This is indeed a rare story, and I remit to thee a third part of his blood.’ Then came forward the second old man, he of the two greyhounds, and said to the genie, ‘I will tell thee my story with these two dogs, and if thou find it still rarer and more marvellous, do thou remit to me another third part of his blood. Quoth the genie, ‘I agree to this.’ Then said the second old man, ‘Know, O lord of the Kings of the Jinn, that

  John Payne’s translation: detailed table of contents

  The Second Old Man’s Story.

  These two dogs are my elder brothers. Our father died and left us three thousand dinars, and I opened a shop that I might buy and sell therein, and my brothers did each the like. But before long, my eldest brother sold his stock for a thousand dinars and bought goods and merchandise and setting out on his travels, was absent a whole year. One day, as I was sitting in my shop, a beggar stopped before me and I said to him, “God assist thee!” But he said to me, weeping, “Dost thou not recognize me?” I took note of him, and behold, it was my brother. So I rose and welcomed him and made him sit down by me and inquired how he came in such a case: but he answered, “Do not ask me: my wealth is wasted and fortune has turned her back on me.” Then I carried him to the bath and clad him in one of my own suits and took him to live with me. Moreover, I cast up my accounts and found that I had made a thousand dinars profit, so that my capital was now two thousand dinars. I divided this between my brother and m
yself, saying to him, “Put it that thou hast never travelled nor been abroad.” He took it gladly and opened a shop with it. Presently, my second brother arose like the first and sold his goods and all that belonged to him and determined to travel. We would have dissuaded him, but he would not be dissuaded and bought merchandise with which he set out on his travels, and we saw no more of him for a whole year; at the end of which time he came to us as had done his elder brother, and I said to him, “O my brother, did I not counsel thee not to travel?” And he wept and said, “O my brother, it was decreed: and behold, I am poor, without a dirhem or a shirt to my back.” Then I carried him to the bath and clad him in a new suit of my own and brought him back to my shop, where we ate and drank together; after which, I said to him, “O my brother, I will make up the accounts of my shop, as is my wont once a year, and the increase shall be between thee and me.” So I arose and took stock and found I was worth two thousand dinars increase, in excess of capital, wherefore I praised the Divine Creator and gave my brother a thousand dinars, with which he opened a shop. In this situation we remained for some time, till one day, my brothers came to me and would have me go on a voyage with them; but I refused and said to them, “What did your travels profit you, that I should look to profit by the same venture?” And I would not listen to them; so we abode in our shops, buying and selling, and every year they pressed me to travel, and I declined, until six years had elapsed. At last I yielded to their wishes and said to them, “O my brothers, I will make a voyage with you, but first let me see what you are worth.” So I looked into their affairs and found they had nothing left, having wasted all their substance in eating and drinking and merrymaking. However, I said not a word of reproach to them, but sold my stock and got in all I had and found I was worth six thousand dinars. So I rejoiced and divided the sum into two equal parts and said to my brothers, “These three thousand dinars are for you and me to trade with.” The other three thousand I buried, in case what befell them should befall me also, so that we might still have, on our return, wherewithal to open our shops again. They were content and I gave them each a thousand dinars and kept the like myself. Then we provided ourselves with the necessary merchandise and equipped ourselves for travel and chartered a ship, which we freighted with our goods. After a month’s voyage, we came to a city, in which we sold our goods at a profit of ten dinars on every one (of prime cost). And as we were about to take ship again, we found on the beach a damsel in tattered clothes, who kissed my hand and said to me, “O my lord, is there in thee kindness and charity? I will requite thee for them.” Quoth I, “Indeed I love to do courtesy and charity, though I be not requited.” And she said, “O my lord, I beg thee to marry me and clothe me and take me back to thy country, for I give myself to thee. Entreat me courteously, for indeed I am of those whom it behoves to use with kindness and consideration; and I will requite thee therefor: do not let my condition prejudice thee.” When I heard what she said, my heart inclined to her, that what God (to whom belong might and majesty) willed might come to pass. So I carried her with me and clothed her and spread her a goodly bed in the ship and went in to her and made much of her. Then we set sail again and indeed my heart clove to her with a great love and I left her not night nor day and occupied myself with her to the exclusion of my brothers. Wherefore they were jealous of me and envied me my much substance; and they looked upon it with covetous eyes and took counsel together to kill me and to take my goods, saying, “Let us kill our brother, and all will be ours.” And Satan made this to seem good in their eyes. So they took me sleeping beside my wife and lifted us both up and threw us into the sea. When my wife awoke, she shook herself and becoming an Afriteh, took me up and carried me to an island, where she left me for awhile. In the morning, she returned and said to me, “I have paid thee my debt, for it is I who bore thee up out of the sea and saved thee from death, by permission of God the Most High. Know that I am of the Jinn who believe in God and His Apostle (whom God bless and preserve!) and I saw thee and loved thee for God’s sake. So I came to thee in the plight thou knowest of and thou didst marry me, and now I have saved thee from drowning. But I am wroth with thy brothers, and needs must I kill them.” When I heard her words, I wondered and thanked her for what she had done and begged her not to kill my brothers. Then I told her all that had passed between us, and she said, “This very night will I fly to them and sink their ship and make an end of them.” “God on thee,” answered I, “do not do this, for the proverb says, ‘O thou who dost good to those who do evil, let his deeds suffice the evil doer!’ After all, they are my brothers.” Quoth she, “By Allah, I must kill them.” And I besought her till she lifted me up and flying away with me, set me down on the roof of my own house, where she left me. I went down and unlocked the doors and brought out what I had hidden under the earth and opened my shop, after I had saluted the folk and bought goods. At nightfall, I returned home and found these two dogs tied up in the courtyard: and when they saw me, they came up to me and wept and fawned on me. At the same moment, my wife presented herself and said to me, “These are thy brothers.” “Who has done this thing unto them?” asked I; and she answered, “I sent to my sister, who turned them into this form, and they shall not be delivered from the enchantment till after ten years.” Then she left me, after telling me where to find her; and now, the ten years having expired, I was carrying the dogs to her, that she might release them, when I fell in with this merchant, who acquainted me with what had befallen him. So I determined not to leave him, till I saw what passed between thee and him: and this is my story.’ ‘This is indeed a rare story,’ said the genie, ‘and I remit to thee a third part of his blood and his crime.’ Then came forward the third old man, he of the mule, and said, ‘O genie, I will tell thee a story still more astonishing than the two thou hast heard, and do thou remit to me the remainder of his blood and crime.’ The genie replied, ‘It is well.’ So the third old man said, ‘Know, O Sultan and Chief of the Jinn, that

  John Payne’s translation: detailed table of contents

  The Third Old Man’s Story.

  This mule was my wife. Some time ago, I had occasion to travel and was absent from her a whole year; at the end of which time I returned home by night and found my wife in bed with a black slave, talking and laughing and toying and kissing and dallying. When she saw me, she made haste and took a mug of water and muttered over it; then came up to me and sprinkled me with the water, saying, “Leave this form for that of a dog!” And immediately I became a dog. She drove me from the house, and I went out of the door and ceased not running till I came to a butcher’s shop, where I stopped and began to eat the bones. The butcher took me and carried me into his house; but when his daughter saw me, she veiled her face and said to her father, “How is it that thou bringest a man in to me?” “Where is the man?” asked he; and she replied, “This dog is a man, whose wife has enchanted him, and I can release him.” When her father heard this, he said, “I conjure thee by Allah, O my daughter, release him!” So she took a mug of water and muttered over it, then sprinkled a little of it on me, saying, “Leave this shape and return to thy former one.” And immediately I became a man again and kissed her hand and begged her to enchant my wife as she had enchanted me. So she gave me a little of the water and said to me, “When thou seest her asleep, sprinkle her with this water and repeat the words thou hast heard me use, naming the shape thou wouldst have her take, and she will become whatever thou wishest.” So I took the water and returned home and went in to my wife. I found her asleep and sprinkled the water upon her, saying, “Quit this form for that of a mule.” And she at once became a mule; and this is she whom thou seest before thee, O Sultan and Chief of the Kings of the Jinn!’ Then he said to the mule, ‘Is it true?’ And she nodded her head and made signs as who should say, ‘Yes, indeed: this is my history and what befell me.’” Here Shehrzad perceived the day and was silent. And Dunyazad said to her, “O my sister, what a delightful story is this of thine!” “This is nothing,�
�� answered Shehrzad, “to what I will tell thee to-morrow night, if the King let me live.” Quoth the King to himself, “By Allah, I will not put her to death till I hear the rest of her story, for it is wonderful.” And they lay together till the morning. Then the King rose and betook himself to his audience-chamber, and the Vizier and the troops presented themselves and the Court was full. The King judged and appointed and deposed and ordered and forbade till the end of the day, when the Divan broke up and he returned to his apartments.

  And when it was the third night

  and the King had taken his will of the Vizier’s daughter, Dunyazad said to her sister, “O my sister, finish us thy story.” “With all my heart,” answered Shehrzad. “Know, O august King, that when the genie heard the third old man’s story, he marvelled exceedingly and shook with delight and said, ‘I remit to thee the remainder of his crime.’ Then he released the merchant, who went up to the three old men and thanked them; and they gave him joy of his escape and returned, each to his own country. Nor is this more wonderful than the story of the Fisherman and the Genie.” “What is that?” asked the King: and she said, “I have heard tell, O august King, that

  John Payne’s translation: detailed table of contents

  THE FISHERMAN AND THE GENIE.

  There was once a poor fisherman, who was getting on in years and had a wife and three children; and it was his custom every day to cast his net four times and no more. One day he went out at the hour of noon and repaired to the sea-shore, where he set down his basket and tucked up his skirts and plunging into the sea, cast his net and waited till it had settled down in the water. Then he gathered the cords in his hand and found it heavy and pulled at it, but could not bring it up. So he carried the end of the cords ashore and drove in a stake, to which he made them fast. Then he stripped and diving round the net, tugged at it till he brought it ashore. Whereat he rejoiced and landing, put on his clothes; but when he came to examine the net, he found in it a dead ass; and the net was torn. When he saw this, he was vexed and said: ‘There is no power and no virtue save in God the Most High, the Supreme! This is indeed strange luck!’ And he repeated the following verses: