p. 261“No sound came back but the moaning of a dog, caught on a shelf just visible one hundred and fifty feet below”; Ibid.
p. 261“After some hours ‘stricken dumb’ and calling forlornly down the crevasse”; Ibid.
p. 266“The Adélie penguin has a hard life: the Emperor penguin a horrible one.”; Cherry-Garrard, The Worst Journey in the World.
p. 266“With bright sunlight, a lop on the sea which splashed and gurgled under the ice-foot”; Ibid.
p. 267“They make a ‘thin soup’ for themselves”; Mawson, The Home of the Blizzard.
p. 267“is ‘tough, stringy and without a vestige of fat’”; Ibid.
p. 267“On sledging journeys it is usual to apportion all food-stuffs in as nearly even halves as possible.”; Ibid.
p. 268“A long and wearisome night”; Ibid.
p. 268“‘this is terrible; I don’t mind for myself but for others. I pray to God to help us.’”; Ibid.
p. 268“There appeared to be little hope of reaching the Hut.” Ibid.
p. 268“He is shocked by what he finds: ‘the thickened skin of the soles had separated in each case as a complete layer.’”; Ibid.
p. 270“‘Facing out over the Barrier, we gave three cheers and one more.’”; Cherry-Garrard, The Worst Journey in the World.
p. 272“Everything jet black & horribly greasy & smelling of blubber.”; Hooper, The Longest Winter.
PART FIVE: AFTER ANTARCTICA
TWENTY-ONE: THE DEPRAVITIES OF MEN
p. 278“The deity of success is a woman, and she insists on being won, not courted.”; Amundsen, The South Pole.
p. 281“We landed to find the Empire—almost the civilized world—in mourning.”; Cherry-Garrard, The Worst Journey in the World.
p. 281“Not here! The white South has thy bones”; Daily Mail, February 11, 1913, 4.
p. 282“Amundsen, she wrote in her diary, ‘looked unspeakably bored.’”; Kari Herbert, Heart of the Hero: The Remarkable Women Who Inspired the Great Polar Explorers (Glasgow: Saraband, 2013).
p. 282“Oh, well, never mind! I expected that.”; Lady Kathleen Kennet, Self-Portrait of an Artist: From the Diaries and Memoirs of Lady Kennet, Kathleen, Lady Scott (London: John Murray, 1949).
p. 282“‘Let me maintain a high, adoring exaltation, and not let the contamination of sorrow touch me.’”; Ibid.
p. 283“How awful if you don’t.”; Herbert, Heart of the Hero.
p. 283“addressed to her by Scott inasmuch as it says, ‘To My Widow.’”; Ibid and partially in Scott, Scott’s Last Expedition.
p. 284“I think the best chance has gone we have decided not to kill ourselves but to fight it to the last”; Herbert, Heart of the Hero.
p. 289“He found ‘the ship packed above and below by a mass of unfortunate men, the majority severely wounded.’”; Murray Levick, letter to Mayson Beeton, The Keep, Sussex.
p. 289“Many of the wounds had not been dressed since they left the field and were crawling with maggots”; Ibid.
p. 289“he tells Beeton, ‘refusing to return to my ship when they sent a boat for me.’”; Ibid.
p. 289“I was hoping that I would be court martialled, so that I could have an opportunity of making some sort of fuss”; Ibid.
p. 289“He notes that the wounded have been treated with ‘most scandalous neglect’”; Ibid.
p. 289“helping Levick ‘by throwing amputated limbs over the side.’”; Henry R. Guly, “George Murray Levick (1876–1956), Antarctic explorer,” Journal of Medical Biography 24, no. 1 (2014): 4–10.
p. 293“I know that during that long and racking march of thirty-six hours over the unnamed mountains and glaciers”; Sir Ernest Shackleton, South: The Story of Shackleton’s 1914–1917 Expedition (London: William Heinemann, 1919).
p. 294“will always be able to enjoy it—certainly when you have forgotten all about it”; David Day, Flaws in the Ice: In Search of Douglas Mawson (Melbourne: Scribe, 2013).
p. 295“For scientific discovery, give me Scott; for speed and efficiency of travel, give me Amundsen”; Raymond Priestley, 1956 address to the British Association for the Advancement of Science in which he paraphrased Cherry-Garrard introduction to The Worst Journey in the World.
TWENTY-TWO: AFTER THE WAR
p. 297“He had retired from the navy the year after Gallipoli, furloughed on the ‘grounds of unfitness.’”; Guly, “George Murray Levick (1876–1956), Antarctic explorer.”
p. 299“‘How wrong that is,’ she is reported to have said.”; Michelle Merrilees, “Lady Shackleton: The Full Story,” 2017, https://womenofeastbourne.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Lady-Shackleton-the-full-story.pdf.
p. 300“By her own count, she will have ‘three husbands and a hundred lovers.’”; Eric Utne, “Brenda, My Darling: The Love Letters of Fridtjof Nansen to Brenda Ueland,” Huffington Post, March 10, 2012, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/great-love-letters_b_1192446.
p. 300“Here from my window in my tower, I see the maidenly birches in their bridal veils against the dark pine wood”; Eric Utne, ed. Brenda My Darling: The Love Letters of Fridtjof Nansen to Brenda Ueland (Minneapolis: Utne Institute, 2011).
p. 303“Let me first fly to the Pole and back, and then we shall see.”; Tor Bomann-Larsen, Roald Amundsen (Stroud, UK: The History Press, 2011).
p. 305“We must acknowledge that in ascending the Barrier, Borchgrevink opened the way to the south”; Amundsen, The South Pole.
p. 310“With very great regret & sympathy I have to inform you that your son was accidentally killed”; Murray Levick, Expedition Notebooks, Archives, London: British Exploring Society.
p. 311“To Your Memory From Your Companions: for fuck’s sake Levick, is that the best you can do?”; Ibid.
p. 324“Color, which is the poet’s wealth, is so expensive”; Henry David Thoreau, Odell Shepard, ed., The Heart of Thoreau’s Journals (New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1961).
p. 324“Do I contradict myself?”; Walt Whitman, Leaves of Grass (Philadelphia: David Mckay, 1892).
p. 325“And thus we sit together now”; Robert Browning, Dramatic Lyrics (London: Browning, 1842).
p. 326“All the world loves a penguin: I think it is because in many respects they are like ourselves”; Cherry-Garrard, The Worst Journey in the World.
INDEX
“Page numbers listed correspond to the print edition of this book. You can use your device’s search function to locate particular terms in the text.”
A
Abbott, George “Tiny,” 113, 241–42, 252, 266–67, 286
Adelie penguins
about, 5–6, 5n, 7–8
arriving at Cape Adare, 48–49
breeding colony 24/7 observation, 73–76, 216–17
breeding rituals, 95–98, 117–18, 169–72
at Cape Crozier, 65
chicks’ feeding and growth rates, 188–89
Davis attaches tracking devices, 235–37
divorce rate, 45–46, 95, 98, 117–18, 129–30
feeding chases as faculative brood reduction vs. brood maximization, 263–65
feeding one vs. two chicks, 262–65
fledglings entering the water, 195–97
males mating with a dead penguin or a fluffy toy, 181–83
mate switching, 170–71, 228
men singing to, 120
nest attendance patterns of adults, 67–69, 139, 172–75
nest construction, 96
perceived vs. real sexual nature, 6, 51–52, 129–30, 171, 228
pilfering stones from each other, 95–96, 171, 318–19
reverse feeding research, 137–39
serial monogamy, 94
and Shackleton, 78, 79
Sperm Wars research, 180–81, 183, 228, 317–18
transmitters for learning migration route, 235–37, 247–48
See also Levick, G. Murray, and penguins
Amundsen, Leon, 110, 111
Amundsen, Roald
affair with Sigrid
Castberg, 92–94, 107–8, 278
on beauty of Antarctica, 178
biographical info, 32–34
and Cook, 102
disappearance/ death of, 304
Gjoa Expedition of Northwest Passage, 63–64, 71–72
house and property on the Bunnefjorden, 106–8, 277–79
and Magnetic North Pole, 63, 71–72
on making the Northwest Passage, 33
and Mawson, 233
and Nansen, 40, 111, 302
and Netsiliks Inuits, 64, 166, 218
and North Pole, 92, 100–101, 190, 302–4
rumors of siring children at Gjoahaven, 64
and Scott, 106–7, 115, 140, 238
as second mate on de Gerlache’s ship, 38–40
Amundsen, Roald, and South Pole
arrival at the South Pole and location verification, 189–91
dining with Pennell, Campbell, and Levick at Bay of Whales, 125–26
food depot placement, 136–37
Fram and crew cheered for in Hobart, 233
Framheim, 165–66, 212–13
goggles used, 218
Midwinter’s Day celebration, 142
secretly planning to go to the South Pole, 103–4, 106–7, 110–11
traveling to the South Pole, 156–58, 165–66, 176, 177–78, 185
vilification for being first, 277–78
Antarctica
Cook voyage near Antarctica, 21–22
first recorded landing on, 35–36
migration route of Adelie penguins, 247–48, 257
penguin challenges in winter, 95
Antarctic Adventures: Scott’s Northern Party (Priestley), 287
Antarctica Penguins: A Study of Their Social Habits (Levick), 6–7, 9, 23–24, 173, 203, 216, 285–86
Arctic
Franklin Expedition, 29–31, 41, 70–71, 72
Gjoa Expedition, 63–64, 71–72
See also Northwest Passage
Armytage, Bertram, 82, 106
Astrup, Eivind, 34, 37–38
Atkinson, Edward, 192, 230–31, 259–60
Aurora (vessel), 186, 207, 233, 284, 292
Australasian Antarctic Expedition/ Mawson
Commonwealth Bay base, 206–7
exploring east of Camp Denison, 260–62, 267–69
insufficient supplies for 300-mile return, 267–69
Mertz’s deterioration and death, 267–68
Ninnis, rations, dog food, and tent fall into a crevasse, 260–61
Western Party at Shackleton Ice Shelf, 233
See also Mawson, Douglas
Axel Heiberg Glacier, Antarctica, 177–78
B
Bacchante (vessel), Levick on, 288–90
Balloon Bight, Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, 56–57, 124
ballooning in Antarctica, 56
banded penguins, discovery of, 14
Banks, Joseph, 19, 21
Bay of Whales, Antarctica, 77, 124–26
Beach, Rex, 278
Beardmore Glacier, Antarctica, 83, 184, 218–19
Beattie, Owen, 70–71
Beaufort Island, Antarctica, 75
Beeton, Audrey Mayson, 291, 296
Beeton, Isabella Mayson, 290
Beeton, Mayson Moss, 289, 290
Belgica (whaling vessel), 38–40
von Bellingshausen, Fabian Gottlieb, 29
Bennett, Darren, 18
Bennett, Kristine Elisabeth “Kiss,” 278, 279, 303
Bernacchi, Louis, 49
bird species, 13, 13n
Bjaaland, Olav, 165, 178
Bocaccio, 253
Bonner, Charles, 54
Borchgrevink, Carsten
and Amundsen, 32, 304–5
and Cape Adare, 47–49, 131, 132
death of, 304
as first mate of the Antarctic, 35–37
on penguins at Ridley Beach, 51–52
and Scott, 32, 304–5
Southern Cross Expedition, 40, 41, 47–48, 49–52
and tortured penguin found by Levick, 159–61
Borchgrevink Hut, Ridley Beach, Cape Adare, 61, 132–34, 158, 204, 322
Bowers, Birdie, 136, 143, 193, 259
Braine, William, 71
British Exploring Society, London, 308–11, 321
British Museum of Natural History, 17
brood maximization hypothesis, 264
Browning, Frank “Rings,” 113, 158–59, 182, 241–42, 286
Browning, Marjorie Bending, 286
Browning, Robert, 325–26
Bruce, Kathleen, 89, 90
Bruce, Wilfred, 124, 164, 225–26
brucellosis (Mediterranean Fever) research by Levick, 59–60
Budleigh Salterton, Devon, England, 314–17
Bull, Henrik, 35
Byrd, Richard, 304
C
Cambridge, England, 114
Campbell, Lillian, 288
Campbell, Victor
and Amundsen, 125
at Cape Adare, 132
diaries and notebooks from the Terra Nova Expedition, 114, 312–13
exploring at Terra Nova Bay, 209
exploring Cape Wood and Cape North, 158, 159
on Inexpressable Island in the igloo, 243–44, 253–54
and Levick, 125–26, 253–54, 312, 313, 320
post-Scott expedition, 288
on Terra Nova in a storm, 119
on wind blowing at Terra Nova Bay, 221–22
witnessing penguin rape episode, 206
See also Terra Nova Expedition/ Scott and Campbell; Terra Nova Expedition/ Campbell, Northern Party; Terra Nova Expedition/ Campbell, Northern Party in the snow cave
Campbell Glacier, Antarctica, 209
Canadian Coast Guard discovery of HMS Erebus, 30–31, 41
Cape Adare, Antarctica, 35–36, 131, 134, 179, 195–97. See also Ridley Beach
Cape Bird, Antarctica
Davis at, 60–62, 145
Davis sees his first penguins, 61–62
Davis’s research, 66–69, 73–76, 180–82, 183, 215, 228, 317–18
living facilities, 60–61
naming of, 29
Reoccupation Period, 215–17
Ross Ice Shelf calving iceberg leads to chick deaths, 213–14, 262–65
Cape Crozier, Antarctica
Davis’s visit to, 145–46
Emperor penguins at, 78–79, 143–44, 146–47
naming of, 29
Ross Ice Shelf calving icebergs, 213–14
Wilson studying penguins at, 65
Cape Evans, Antarctica, 120–21, 142–44, 166, 271
Cape Royds, Antarctica, 76, 213–14, 265–67. See also Shackleton’s hut
Cape Tennyson, Antarctica, 50
Cape Wood, Antarctica, 155–56, 158–59
Castberg, Sigrid, 92–94, 107–8, 278
Cherry-Garrard, Apsley
camped on ice that breaks up, 136
at Cape Evans and Cape Crozier, 142–44
and Cape Royds penguin colony, 265–66
decision not to look for the Polar Team, 231–32, 259
and Levick, 27
and monument to Scott, 269–70
on penguins, 149–50
in photo with Levicks, 307
on plans for final advance to Pole, 192
post-Scott expedition, 306–7
rescuing Priestley, 121
and Scott, 142–43
Christ Church, London, 296
Christ Church Gardens, London, 297
Commonwealth Bay, Antarctica, 206–7, 260
Cook, Frederick, 38, 39, 40, 100, 103
Cook, James, 19–22
courtship displays of Adelie penguins, 96–97
Crabeater seals, 120
Crean, Tom, 136
Crozier, Francis, 29–30
Curthose, Robert, 11
D
Darwin, Charles, 12
Davis, Daniel, 245, 262–64
Davis, John King, 8
2
Davis, Lloyd Spencer
Antarctica as childhood goal, 27
as Antarctica penguin biologist, 73
attaching transmitters to migrating penguins, 235–37
at Cape Bird, 60–62
decision to study penguins, 28, 62
on dogs vs. man-hauling, 239–41
finding Levick and finding himself, 321, 324–26
helicopter ride from Cape Bird to Cape Crozier to Scott Base, 145–46
at Hut Point monument, 270–71
Levick as enigma, 9–10, 26
and Levick’s chapter on penguin sexuality, 7–9, 23–24
on Levick’s scientific mind, 173–75
at monument to Scott, 270–71
in Nansen’s home office, 301
at Scott Polar Research Institute, 114–15
seeing three years of dead chicks, 262
on ship to Ross Sea, 118–19
survival training with Daniel, 245–46
at University of Edmonton, 66
See also Cape Bird, Antarctica
Decameron (Bocaccio), 253
Delprat, Francisca “Paquita,” 94, 282, 284
diarrhea in Antarctica, 244, 246, 256–57
Dickason, Harry “Dick,” 113, 154–55, 158, 287
Dickason, Lillian Lowton, 287
Discovery Expedition/ Scott, 51, 54–58
divorce
and humans, 94, 288
and penguins, 45–46, 95, 98, 117–18, 129–30, 151–52, 323
dogs for pulling sledges
about, 238–40
clearly superior to ponies, 167–68
distance/ food considerations lead to Scott’s death, 230–32
dogs’ comfort during blizzards, 135
double-teaming for steep terrain, 177–78
as food, 168, 267
sacrificing dogs, 58, 72, 168, 178–79, 184
Scott’s experience, 58
temperature consideration, 156–57
Dorman, Emily, 90–91
Drygalski Ice Tongue, Antarctica, 28, 208, 255–56, 258
Duke of York Island penguins, 172
d’Urville, Jules Dumont, 5n
E
Edward VII, king of England, 86, 103, 108
electrical therapy, 297, 305
Elephant Island, Antarctica, 292–93, 294
Emperor penguins
about, 14, 19, 234–35
breeding in midwinter, 65–66
at Cape Crozier, 78–79
divorce rate, 151–52
eggs carried on the fathers’ feet, 149–50
first sighting of, 21–22
and March of the Penguins, 151–52
A Polar Affair Page 36
