Bible, the
and confession 70
Hebrew 60n7, 75
and penance 68–9
New Testament
and retribution 72–3
against anger 42
and the Dies Irae 67–8. See also
transactional forgiveness in
Dies Irae
66–7, 76–8
and the inner realm 70–1, 73
Index
305
and unconditional love. See love,
in Desmond Tutu’s vision 59,
unconditional
237–8, 241–3
compared to Jewish
consequentialism. See welfarism
tradition 66–71
contempt 50–1
God in
cosmic balance, ideas of 5, 24–5,
anger of 41–3
74, 178, 184, 190
as a model of interpersonal
criminal justice system. See
relationships 72–3
law and criminal
as represented in Mahler. See
justice system
Mahler, Gustav
criminals
as represented in the
anger directed at 194–5
Gospels 78–81
as a despised subgroup 49–50
compared to Jewish
equal dignity of 180, 182
thought 69–74
families of 195
transactional forgiveness of
11, 67–9, 76–8
Dante Alighieri 23, 50n83, 71n43
the harshness of forgiveness
Dickens, Charles 98, 169, 210
of 73–5
Dies Irae
unconditional forgiveness
on forgiveness 67–8
of 75–7
translation of 89–90
unconditional love of. See
dignity. See human dignity, equal
love, unconditional
discrimination 28–9, 49n82, 152,
Protestantism 69
164, 199–200
the Gospels. See Bible, the
disgust 48–50, 52, 55, 181–2
Chrysippus 18, 28n44, 142, 142n8
down- ranking
colleagues. See workplace, the
and discrimination 28–9
compassion
and culture 19–20, 140, 147
as a positive motive 120, 131–3
and status- injury 20–1
compared to mercy 206
and the law 178, 197
compassionate hope and the
and voluntariness 21
Transition 31, 36
as the focus of anger 21, 25–7, 51
distinguished from feeling 252
in Aristotle 5, 15, 17, 19–20
in Adam Smith 16, 18–9
the normative problem with
in the legal system 177, 256
focusing on 15, 28,
nature of 22–4, 22n34
49, 54, 93
confession
Duff, R. A. 188–90
and exomologésis 72
as condition of
Eliot, George 119–20
forgiveness 10–12
emotions. See also eudaimonism
in Christian tradition 68–74, 76
and feelings 252–3
in Jewish tradition 62–3, 65,
and the body 252
68, 86. See also Jewish
analysis of 16–7, 19–20, 251–2
thought
compared to moods 254
306 Index
emotions ( Cont.)
compared to King, Mandela and
content of 253
Nehru 218–9, 224–5
development of 254
his non- attachment 223–5
in Upheavals of Thought 251–5
as self- anger 225
negative. See anger; contempt;
his rejection of status 223
envy; hate; jealousy;
his remarks on Hitler and
resentment
Japan 219
situational 252
his thesis of nonviolence
social influences on 253–4
39, 218–9
envy 51–2
on the future 223
equality. See human dignity, equal
the non- passive element in his
Erikson, Erik 225
theory 211, 221–2
eudaimonism 16, 19–20, 25
gender 43–6, 92, 119, 121–3, 254.
Eumenides. See Aeschylus
See also manliness
genealogical explanations 58–9
Fairbairn, W. R. D. 129–30
generosity
family. See relationships, intimate
between persons 12–3, 65, 106,
forgiveness
121, 130. See also love,
as inquisitorial and normatively
unconditional
problematic 10–2, 73–4,
in institutions 172–3, 200, 203
76–7, 96–7, 106, 206
in revolutionary justice 212–2,
as virtue 9, 63, 88–9
217–8, 222, 226–32,
compared to the Transition
235–7, 243
76–8, 118
gentle temper, 3–4, 11, 52–6,
Griswold’s treatment of. See
67–8, 167–8
Griswold, Charles
God. See also Christian thought;
in Christian thought. See
Jewish thought
Christian thought
anger of 40–2
in Jewish thought. See Jewish
as modeling parent- child
thought
relationships 98
its absence in Greco- Roman eth-
emotions of 42
ics 9, 11, 209
inhabiting payback wishes 208, 214
its cultural popularity 10
Gospels, the. See Bible, the
transactional 10–12, 33, 58–60,
gratitude
66, 74, 89
and Stoicism 46
unconditional 12, 75–8, 81, 86–7,
as a reactive attitude 46–7
96, 106, 125
gratuitous 160–4
Foucault, Michel 59, 70
in intimate relationships 113–4
in the Middle Realm 161–4
Gandhi, Mohandas
grief
and acknowledgment of wrongs 238
and vulnerability 105
and non- anger 8, 175, 212, 218,
compared to anger 17–18, 23,
222, 236, 247
37–8, 47–8, 102
Index
307
in intimate relationships 4, 7–8,
honor cultures 19–20. See also
23, 92, 94–6, 102–3, 126–7
down- ranking
in marital breakups 122–3
human dignity, equal
Griswold, Charles 57–8, 60,
anger as allegedly necessary for
64, 88–9
the protection of 8, 47,
guilt. See also remorse;
91, 211
retributivism
as a central concern for institu-
and creativity 131
tions 27, 182, 196
and moral development 129–32
distinguished from relative
and moral dilemmas 134–5
status 27–8, 173
and moral motivation 131–2, 134
in institutional response to
and self- forgiveness 132–3
wrongdoing 152–3,
and the public sphere 133
166, 172–3, 183, 192–3,
and the Transition 129
196–200, 204
as confining and
in revolutionary justice 213,
227, 242–3
as deterrent 133–5
humor
compared to positive
as alternative to anger 102,
reinforcement 132
154–5, 160, 167–8
compared to remorse
in Seneca 145–6
134–5, 134n
Mandela’s 227n26, 235, 232, 242
Christian roots 132
distinguished from shame 128
incarceration. See law and
nature of 128–9
criminal justice system;
parallels with self- other
punishment
relations 129
institutions, political. See also
well- grounded 131
law and criminal
justice system
Halbertal, Moshe 87
as not motivated by retributiv-
Hampton, Jean 26, 35, 191
ist sentiments 3, 42, 166,
Harriss, William 4n16, 247
171–2, 178, 249
hatred 50
as modeling our best selves
Heckman, James 181
249, 249n5
Hegel, G. W. F. 134–5
equal human dignity as a con-
helplessness
cern for 27, 182, 196
and anger 5, 29, 45, 47–8, 54–5,
in revolutionary justice 213, 219,
94–5, 208
237, 245
and women 45, 122–3
mercy in. See mercy
in love and intimacy 94–5, 104,
their responsibility to respond
116, 122
to wrongdoing 1, 27,
in parents- children
166, 196
relationships 100–5
trust in 173, 177–8, 188, 196, 239
Hinduism 14, 40, 175
vulnerability in relation to 173
308 Index
Jansen, Jonathan 245–6
and divine love 226
jealousy 51–52. See also envy
and down- ranking 28–9
Jesus. See also Bible, the;
and non- passivity 221–2, 238
Christian thought; love,
and nonviolence 39, 212, 218–19
unconditional
and personal attachments 224
and anger and transactional
and the Transition 31–33, 36,
forgiveness 42–4, 72, 76
38–9, 135–6
and the inner realm 70
on anger and non- anger 8, 118,
and unconditional
175, 212, 218, 221–2, 236
forgiveness 75–7
on cooperation 223, 249
and unconditional love 78–81
on violence 219–20
Jewish thought. See also Bible,
on retributivism
the; God; Maimonides;
on the future 222–3, 239
Soloveitchick; Talmud,
Klein, Melanie 129–30, 132, 134
the; Yonah of Gerona
God in 11, 61–5, 73–4
Lactantius, 41–2
Teshuva
law and criminal justice system
and the political 64–5
and impartiality 166
as transactional
and intimate relationships 4,
forgiveness 64–5
8–9, 94
dissident voices about 85–8
and the Transition 166, 205
human- God 60–3
and victim impact
human- human 63–6
statements 194–7
Joyce, James 67, 71, 89
as liberating individuals from
justice, impartial. See human dig-
the burden of dealing
nity, equal; institutions,
with wrongdoing 4–5, 94,
political; law and crimi-
135–6, 141, 170
nal justice system
“closure” in 29, 196
justice, revolutionary. See also
corrupt and unjust 211, 214, 221
Gandhi, Mohandas;
expressing Transition- Anger 179
King, Martin Luther Jr.;
forward- looking 171, 178–9
Mandela, Nelson
in the Middle Realm 7–8,
anger as awakening to 211–2
140–1, 148
and non- anger 8, 212, 225
scope 153, 164–5, 175
forward- looking spirit in 209
incarceration. See also
unconditional forgiveness and
punishment
love in 209
and racism 181–2
violence in 218–20
anger as motivation for 182
in a welfarist theory 192–3
Kahan, Dan 198
its failure to deter 177
King, Martin Luther Jr.
shame and dignity in 198
and acknowledgment of
the cost of 180–1
wrongs 238
limits of 94, 135
Index
309
mercy in 206–8
and the rugby team 234–6
retributivist desires in 12, 29,
and the Transition 229–31
136, 175, 178, 196, 249. See
on status 226–7, 245–6
also retributivism
on violence 219
status injury in 176, 178
manliness 26, 44–5, 175, 254
Lazarus, Richard 16, 18, 20–22
Markel, Dan 189–90
Lerner, Harriet 107–9, 116–8
marriage. See relationships,
lex talionis. See retributivism
intimate
Lloyd- Jones, Hugh 1
Medea. See Seneca
love, unconditional
mercy
and mercy 209
and Transition mentality 207
and the Prodigal Son 78–81
and criminal justice 207–9
compared to forgiveness 81
as combining ex ante and ex post
in the case of Charleston Church
perspectives 207
shooting 77, 197
compared to compassion 206
in George Eliot’s
compared to forgiveness 209
Middlemarch 119–20
egalitarian conception of 206
in Mahler’s Resurrection
God’s 75, 78
Symphony 81–5
in Greco- Roman thought 205–6
in Philip Roth’s American
in Nietzsche 208
Pastoral 103–4, 106
“monarchical” conception of 206
Lucretius 40
Middle Realm, the
and anger 139–40, 165
magical thinking 24–7, 33–4, 38–9,
and false social values
54, 112n, 127, 178, 183–5.
139–40, 147
See also cosmic balance,
and gratitude 160–4
ideas of
and grief 139–40, 164–5
Mahler, Gustav
and status 147–8
Resurrection Symphony 81–5
and Stoic thought 139–47
Maimonides (Rabbi Moshe Ben
and Transition Anger 140–1,
Maimon) 60–3, 69
148, 150, 153
Mandela, Nelson
and the law 140–1, 164–7
and forgiveness 10, 12
deterrence in 141, 148, 167
and forward- looking
harms involving
spirit 228–30
stigmatization in 152
and generosity 12, 226–32
harms involving false accusa-
and Kobie Coet see 232–3
tions in 152–3
and non- anger 39, 218, 225
forgiveness in 141, 149, 166–7
and non- violence 39, 212, 219
nature of 7, 138–9
and personal attachments 234
performance of anger in 150
and respect 227
provocation in 165–6
and status anxiety 227
the Middle of. See
and the Anthem 233–4
workplace, the
310 Index
Mill, John Stuart 30, 174–6, 190,
and King 212, 218–9, 224,
192, 200
and Mandela 213, 218–9,
Moore, Michael 184, 186–7
224, 226–37
Morris, Herbert 130, 132,
in Stoicism 38, 44, 139, 142–5,
184–6, 188
161. See also Stoicism
Murphy, Jeffrie 10
toward the self 146
Murray, Liz 110–2, 118, 136
nonviolence 39, 212, 218–20,
225, 230
narcissism
and anger 21, 25, 28–30, 38,
Orwell, George 98–9, 224–5, 248n3
52–4, 95
and forgiveness 12, 87–8
payback wishes. See anger; cosmic
and guilt 131
balance, ideas of; magical
in infants and children 45,
thinking; retributivism
130, 132
Paton, Alan
in intimate relationships 97
Cry, the Beloved Country
in religious outlooks 11
213–7, 222
in the Middle Realm 147, 159–60
prisons. See under law and crimi-
narcissistic error, the 29, 38
nal justice system
of resentment 12
privacy 256–7
negative emotions. See emotions
Prodigal Son, the 79–81, 83,
New Testament. See Bible, the
120, 235
Nietzsche, Friedrich 12, 58, 60,
provocation, reasonable 165–6, 176
73–4, 131–2, 134, 208
punishment. See also law and
non- anger
criminal justice system;
as “feminine” and “weak” 44,
retributivism
46, 175, 220
and anger 27, 145, 165–6, 172,
as not entailing nonviolence 39,
176, 195
218–220
and deterrence 27, 30, 42,
in ancient Greece and Rome 44
167, 171
in intimate relationships 122
and humiliation 27–8, 177–8,
in the Middle- Realm 139, 149,
183, 195, 198–9
151, 154, 159–60, 162
and mercy 205–10
in law and criminal justice
and proportional suffering 178
system 174–5, 177, 193–4
and rehabilitation 27
and victim impact
and reintegration 200–5
statements 194–7
and retributivism. See
and dignity 197–200
retributivism
and confrontation and
and violence 199
reintegration 200–5
by God 68
in revolutionary justice 212–3,
compared to ex ante methods of
218–25, 236–7, 245, 248
dealing with wrongdoing
and Gandhi 212, 218–25
8, 179–81, 183
Index
Anger and Forgiveness Page 54
