311
forward- looking concern of
parent- child relationships
171–2, 177, 179, 183,
and forgiveness 105–6, 110–1
187, 192
and grief 102
harsh 177, 181, 207
and the Transition 101–5
in Aeschylus 4, 165
children’s anger as
in revolutionary justice 238, 240
status- anger in 107
indicating social failure 193
anger, separateness and
motivated by disgust and rac-
equality in 106–7
ism 182, 215
involving harm 101
spirit of generosity in 172–3
involving vicarious ego
investment 101
Rawls, John 51n87, 173–4,
religious models of 98–9
186, 249n 5
vulnerability in 99
reactive attitudes. See emotions
trust in 99
relationships, intimate
future- directed focus of 100
and anger 92–3, 96–7, 105, 116
readiness to change in 100
break- down scenarios 94–5
with adult children 100–1
and flourishing 93
with oneself
and gratitude 113–4
and moral dilemmas 134–5
and grief 4, 7, 89, 113
distinguished from self- other
and liking 95
relationships 128
and social norms 96–7,
guilt. See guilt
115–6, 121–2
self- anger 128–9
and status anxiety 97
in our culture 133
and trust 94
self- forgiveness 132–3
and vulnerability 94
similarities to self- other
between lovers and spouses
relationships 127–8
and status anxiety 122
Transition- Anger at
and the law 135–6
oneself 128
compared to parent- child
remorse 134–5, 134n60. See
relationships 114–5
also guilt
erotic betrayal in 120
resentment. See anger
forgiveness in 118–20, 124
retaliation. See retributivism
involving grave
retributivism
wrongdoing 135–6
and helplessness 208
involving status anxiety 116
and ideas of cosmic balance
the Transition in 118, 124–6
38–9. See also cosmic
trust in 114–5
balance, ideas of
violence in 20, 23
as constitutive of anger 15, 17,
vulnerability in 114
30–1. See also anger
features of 93–5
borderline
involving hierarchy and status
Duff’s 188–8
97, 122
Markel’s 189–90
312 Index
retributivism ( Cont.)
his struggle with his own anger
expressive 190–1
7, 56, 137–8, 155, 167
futility of 15, 31, 33, 38, 102, 129.
Medea 45, 91–3, 122–4, 127
See also anger
on mercy 205–6, 208–9
in Aeschylus 1, 3–5
Shakespeare, William
in Christianity 72. See also
Hamlet 137, 153
Christian thought
Measure for Measure 206
in forgiveness rituals 105
The Merchant of Venice 206
in Greek thought 171
shame
its dominance in popular ideas
and attention to status 45,
of punishment 176
199–200
its influence on incarceration
and punishment 197–203. See also
discourse 181
Kahan, Dan
its tension with sympathetic
in Braithwaite’s
understanding 54
thought 203–5
in the Middle Realm 140, 142
and repentance 63, 71–2
Moore’s 186–8
and retaliatory anger 199
Morris’s 184–6
and stigma 199, 202–3
not motivated by anger 183–8.
anger and as aiming to inflict 197
See also Moore, Michael;
distinguished from guilt 128
Morris, Herbert
Sher, George 258, 260
Road of payback 5, 28–30, 51, 77,
Smith, Adam 7, 11, 16, 30, 52–3, 139
93, 122
Smith, Angela 258–60
Road of status 5–6, 28–30, 50, 52,
Soloveitchik, Joseph Dov
77, 93, 97, 105, 122–3
60–2, 64–5
Roth, Philip
status
American Pastoral 102–6
in culture 20, 30, 40, 45
injury 28, 39
Santideva. See Buddhism
and God 41, 74
Scanlon, Thomas 165,
anger about 6, 21, 41, 51
258–60
damages not involving 20
self- help. See therapy and
defined 5–6, 20–1
self- help
not justifying violence in most
Seneca. See also Stoicism
democracies 176
and the middle realm,
relative
140, 142–8
distinguished from equal
departing from his view
human dignity. See
146–7, 152–5
human dignity, equal
his advice 7, 56, 140, 144, 155,
normative problems in focusing
167–168
on 5–6, 15, 27–8, 31, 183,
his critique of anger 140,
197, 200
142–8, 150
restored by retaliation 26, 31,
his definition of anger 20
129, 197
Index
313
Road of. See Road of Status
in parent- child relationships
status error. See narcissism
100–1, 104
status- focused anger 6, 21,
in revolutionary justice 212,
41, 51
229, 240
status- focused person 30
in self- anger 128, 133
Stoicism. See also
in the Middle Realm 140–1, 148,
Chrysippus; Seneca
150, 153
and care for well- being 46,
leading to the Transition 35, 51
140, 248
Transition, the
and Gandhi 223–4
aided by gentle temper and
and inner acts 70n38
sympathy 52–4
and intimate relationships 7, 40,
aided by playfulness and
88–9, 92, 94–5, 97
humor 55
and Mandela 226, 228, 236
and acknowledgment 125,
and self- examination 146
125, 136
and the Middle Realm 7, 139,
and forgiveness 33, 136
142–4, 161
and justice 33
as comic 138, 164
and mercy 209
and the motivation to pursue
and unconditional
justice 38
forgiveness 77–8
its continuity with
arising from initial anger 35–6,
Christianity 89
38, 42, 51
on anger 20, 142, 161, 261
as the goal of law 135
on gods 40–
1
explained 6, 31
on gratitude 113, 161
from self- anger 131, 133
on mercy 205–6
in American culture 33
Strauss, Richard
in intimate relationships 94, 96,
Elektra 4
100, 102, 105, 129
Strawson, Peter F. 14–5, 258
in relation to
Transition- Anger 35
Talmud, the 60, 85–8
in revolutionary justice 31–2, 36,
Tertullian 67–8, 70, 72
38–9, 212, 216–7, 222–3,
therapy and self- help
229, 231, 236
and anger 10, 17, 125–7,
in the Middle Realm 139–41
166–7
inhibited by status- focused
and the criminal justice system
anger and hatred 49–50
15n9, 190, 207
Trollope, Anthony 98–9, 121–2
Transition- Anger
trust
distinguished from hatred and
among citizens in political com-
contempt 50–1
munities 13, 173, 183, 188,
explained 6, 35–7, 262
192, 212–3, 232, 238
expressed by the justice system
and acknowledgment 135, 238,
179, 207, 209
240, 243
314 Index
trust ( Cont.)
and forgiveness 72–3, 87–8
and revolutionary justice
and racism 181–2
212–4, 232–4, 236, 238,
and the law 141, 175–6, 190
240–1, 243
as not inherent to the content of
and vulnerability 94, 114,
anger 22
136, 173
in a spirit of non- anger 39,
apology as a sign of
212, 218–20
trustworthiness 13
in intimate relationships 9, 20,
betrayals of 119–21
23, 94, 123, 141, 204
between parents and children
increased by shame- based
99–100, 105
penalties 199
distinguished from reliance 94
vulnerability
in intimate relationships 4, 7–8,
acknowledging 88–9, 105
94, 98, 114–5, 173, 238–40
and grief 105, 127, 136
in oneself 133
as a cause of anger 21, 29,
in political institutions 173,
54, 254
177–8, 188, 196, 239
caused by trust 94, 114, 136, 173
its absence in the Middle Realm
in intimate personal relation-
138, 154–5, 164–5
ships 94, 97, 99, 102,
Truth and Reconciliation
113–4, 173
Commission, the
in relation to political
and backward- looking forgive-
institutions 173
ness rituals 244–5
and respect 241
Wallace, R. Jay 15, 258
and transactional forgiveness
welfarism
12–3, 241–3
and gratitude 47
and Transition Anger 240
and guilt 133–4
their virtues 237–40
and moving beyond
Tutu, Desmond 12, 59, 237–44.
narcissism 53
See also Truth and
and speech rights 200
Reconciliation
and the non- status- focused
Commission, the
person 30–1
as alternative to anger 34, 36–7,
Utilitarianism 24, 30, 42, 134, 174,
42, 47, 93, 172
179–80, 192–3. See also
expressive theory of 191
welfarism
in revolutionary justice 241
Utku people, the 43–4, 55, 150
nature of 6, 173–4, 188,
192, 198–9
victim impact statements. See
on punishment 176, 180–4, 195,
law and criminal
203, 207
justice system
Williams, Bernard 12, 96, 106,
violence. See also nonviolence;
130–2, 134–5
wrongdoing
Winnicott, Donald 55, 132
Index
315
women. See gender
culpability vs. desert in 192
workplace, the. See also Middle
distinguished from inconve-
Realm, the
niences 148, 154
apologies in 157, 159–60
distinguished from the
comic aspects of 154–5, 159
wrongdoer 49–50, 57,
features of 154–6
201–2, 205
nature of relationships in 154–5
false social values about 174–6
non- anger in 159–60
intentional 177
spirit of generosity in 155
that touches on core values of
wrongdoing in 155. See also
the self 19
wrongdoing
the desire to see it punished 34.
wrongdoing
See also retributivism
acknowledging 125, 173, 177–8,
the suffering of the wrongdoer
192, 207, 238
5, 84, 92–3, 129
and racism 181–2
as the focus of anger 37
Yonah of Gerona 60–4
Document Outline
Cover
Anger and Forgiveness
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
1. Introduction: Furies into Eumenides
2. Anger: Weakness, Payback, Down-Ranking
3. Forgiveness: A Genealogy Appendix: Dies Irae
4. Intimate Relationships: The Trap of Anger
5. The Middle Realm: Stoicism Qualified
6. The Political Realm: Everyday Justice
7. The Political Realm: Revolutionary Justice
8. Conclusion: The Eyes of the World
Appendix A: Emotions and Upheavals of Thought
Appendix B: Anger and Blame
Appendix C: Anger and Its Species
Notes
Bibliography
Index
Anger and Forgiveness Page 55
