by Will Durant
25. Wang Yang-ming, 106, 52.
26. Ibid., 115-6.
27. Hobson, R. L., Chinese Art, 14.
28. Encyc. Brit., xiii, 575.
29. Cf. the imperial marriage-table in Hobson, R. L., Pl. LXXXIII.
30. Ibid., XCI.
31. Illustrated in Encyc. Brit., xiii, f. p. 576.
32. Ferguson, J. C., Outlines of Chinese Art, 67.
33. Hobson, R. L., LXXVIII.
34. Ibid., LXXVII, I.
35. Lorenz, ’Round the World Traveler, 197.
36. Encyc. Brit., xii, 864.
37. Fry, R. E., Chinese Art, 31; Granet, 37, Encyc. Brit., iv, 245.
38. Chinese Art, 33.
39. Fischer, Otto, 374.
40. Encyc. Brit., Pl. XIV, f. p. 246; collection of Mr. Warren E. Cox.
41. Chinese Art, 47.
42. Faure, History of Art, ii, 55.
43. Encyc. Brit., v, f. p. 581.
44. Siren, O., in Encyc. Brit., v, 581; Chinese Art, 48.
45. Stein, Sir Aurel, Innermost Asia, Vol. i, Plates VIII, XI, XIX and XXIV.
46. Encyc. Brit., v. f. p. 586, Plate X, 2; Fischer, 366.
47. Encyc. Brit., v. f. p. 584, Pl. VII, 4.
48. Ibid., f. p. 585, Pl. VIII, 2.
49. Ibid., f. p. 586, Pl. XI, 2 and 3.
50. Fergusson, Jas., History of Indian and Eastern Architecture, ii, 454.
51. Fergusson, Jas., in Williams, S. Wells, i, 727.
52. Cf. the decorative design reproduced in Stein, Sir A., Innermost Asia, Vol. iii, Pl. XXV; and the patiently carved and ornamental ceiling shown in Pelliot, Vol. iv, Pl. CCXXV.
53. Fergusson, op. cit., ii, 464.
54. Coomaraswamy, History, 152.
55. Williams, S. Wells, i, 744.
56. Lorenz, 203.
57. Cook’s, Guide to Peking, 28, 30.
58. Fergusson, ii, 481.
59. Legendre, 79.
60. Ibid., 156.
61. Smith, Chinese Characteristics, 134.
62. Waley, Chinese Painting, 69-70.
63. Siren, Osvald, Chinese Paintings in American Collections, i, 36.
64. Giles, H. A., Introduction to the History of Chinese Pictorial Art, 2.
65. Wilhelm, Short History, 38.
66. Giles, Pictorial Art, 3.
67. Ibid.; Waley, Chinese Painting, 32,
68. Fenollosa, ii, p. xxx.
69. Waley, Chinese Painting, 45.
70. Encyc. Brit., art. on “Chinese Painting,” Pl. II, 6.
71. Fischer, 325-31.
72. Waley, 49.
73. Ibid., 51.
74. Giles, Pictorial Art, 21.
75. Tu Fu, 97; cf. 175 and 187.
76. Giles, Pictorial Art, 79.
77. Wilhelm, 244.
78. Waley, 183.
79. Fenollosa, i. f. p. 120; Fischer, 490.
80. Ibid., 424.
81. Giles, 47-8.
82. Ibid., 50; Binyon, L., Flight of the Dragon, 43.
83. Giles, 47.
84. Croce, Benedetto, Esthetic, 50.
85. In Waley, 117.
86. Binyon, III.
87. Siren, i, Plates 5-8; Encyc. Brit., “Chinese Painting,” Pl. II, 4.
88. Fenollosa, ii, 27.
89. Waley, 177.
90. G & H, 146.
91. A Chinese writer in Giles, Pictorial Art, 115.
92. Fischer, 492.
93. E.g., Fenollosa, ii, 42.
95. Ibid., 62.
96. Gulland, W. G., Chinese Porcelain, i, 16.
97. Chinese Art, 11.
98. Ibid., 2s
99. Hsieh Ho in Coomaraswamy, Dance of Siva, 43.
100. Binyon. 65-8; Chinese Art, 47.
101. In Okakura-Kakuso, The Book of Tea, 108.
102. Gulland, i, 3.
103. Encyc. Brit., xviii, 361.
104. Ibid.; Legendre, 233.
105. Encyc. Brit., xviii, 362; Carter, 93.
106. Ibid., I.e.
107. Brinkley, China, ix, 229.
108. Ibid., 62.
109. Ibid., 87; Gulland, 139.
110. Brinkley, 75.
111. G & H, 165.
112. Brinkley, China, ix, 256.
113. Encyc. Brit., viii, 419.
114. Brinkley, China, ix, 210, 215.
115. Ibid., 376, 554; Encyc. Brit., art. “Ceramics.”
CHAPTER XXVI
1. Polo, Travels, 78, 188.
2. Ibid., v-vii; a perfect introduction, to which the present account is much indebted.
3. Polo, 232-40.
4. 152.
5. 129.
6. G & H, 135f.
7. Giles, History, 248-9.
8. Polo, 172.
9. Giles, 247.
10. Polo, 158.
11. Ibid., 125.
12. 149.
13. P. xxiv of Komroff’s Introduction.
14. G & H, 172.
15. Ibid.
16. Latourette, i, 330; Wilhelm, Short History, 260; G & H, 195; Giles, History, 291; Gulland, W. G., ii, 288.
17. G & H, 209.
18. Ibid., 227.
19. Quoted in Parmelee, 218, and in Bisland, Elizabeth, Three Wise Men of the East, 125.
20. Wilhelm, 204; Latourette, i, 203; G & H, 186; Brinkley, China, x, 4.
21. Latourette, i, 289.
22. Brinkley, I.e., 12.
23. Williams, S. Wells, i, 770.
24. Ibid., 762.
25. Wilhelm in Keyserling, Book of Marriage, 133; Waley, Chinese Painting, 165.
26. Legendre, 23.
27. Ibid., 75; Park, No Yong, Making a New China, 122.
28. Smith, Chinese Characteristics, 127.
29. Polo, 236.
30. Pitkin, Short Introduction, 182.
32. Wilhelm, Short History, 64.
33. Mason, Art of Writing, 154-79.
34. Legendre, 67, 113.
35. Okakura, 3, 36.
36. Granet, 144-5.
37. Legendre, 114.
38. Wilhelm, Soul of China, 339.
40. Smith, Characteristics, 21; Park, No Yong, 123; Legendre, 86; Williams, S. Wells, i, 775-80.
41. Latourette, i, 225.
42. Park, 121; Smith, Characteristics, 19.
43. Eddy, Sherwood, Challenge of the East, 81.
44. Giles, Gems, 285.
45. Murdoch, iii, 262.
46. Sarton, 452.
47. National Geographical Magazine, April, 1932, p. 511.
48. Sumner and Keller, iii, 2095.
49. Wilhelm, Short History, 134; Wilhelm, Soul of China, 361-2; G & H, 59.
50. Polo, 236.
51. Peffer, N., China: the Collapse of a Civilization, 25-32; Parmelee, 101; Legendre, 57.
52. Williams, S. Wells, i, 413; Wilhelm, Short History, 11.
53. Park, 85; G & H, 290.
54. Park, 67.
55. Latourette, ii, 206; G & H, 2-3.
56. Renard, 161.
57. Park, 92.
58. Sumner, Folkways, 153; Latourette, i, 63.
59. Ibid., 252.
60. Polo, 159; Carter, 77.
61. Carter, 92.
62. Hirth, 126f.
63. Ibid.
64. Carter, 93.
65. Polo, 170n.
66. Legendre, 107-10.
67. Sarton, 371, 676; Schneider, 11, 860.
68. Sarton, 183, 410.
69. Waley, Chinese Painting, 30.
70. Schneider, ii, 837.
71. Voltaire, Works, iv, 82; Hirth, 119; Wilhelm, Soul, 306.
72. Garrison, 73; Schneider, ii, 859; Sarton, 310, 325, 342.
73. Ibid., 436, 481; Garrison, 73.
74. Latourette, 313; Garrison, 75.
75. Williams, S. Wells, i, 738; Legendre, 56.
76. Wilhelm, Short History, 79, 81; Smith, Characteristics, 290, 297; Spengler, O., Decline of the West, ii, 286; Granet, 163; Latourette, ii, 163-5.
77. Smith, Characteristics, 292; Suzuki, 47, 112, 139;
Wilhelm, Short History, 69.
78. Hirth, 81.
79. Ibid., 118; Smith, 164, 331.
80. Granet, 321.
81. Wilhelm, Soul, 125.
82. Legge, Texts of Taoism, i, 41.
83. Suzuki, 72; Wilhelm, Short History, 248.
84. Waley, Chinese Painting, 28.
85. Potter, Chas. F., Story of Religion, 198.
86. Wilhelm, Soul, 357; Murdoch, iii, 104; Waley, 33-4, 79; Sarton, 470, 552; Carter, 32; Gulland, 27; Latourette, i, 171, 214; ii, 154-5; G & H, 104; Schneider, ii, 803.
87. Smith, Characteristics, 89; Latourette, ii, 129; Parmelee, 81.
88. Smith, 304; Legendre, 197.
89. Wilhelm, Short History, 224; Lorenz, 202.
90. G & H, 118, 527.
91. Fenollosa, ii, 149.
92. Voltaire, Works, xiii, 29.
93. Quoted by Wilhelm in Keyserling, Book of Marriage, 137.
94. Mencius, IV, i, 26.
95. Latourette, ii, 197; Granet, 321; Williams, S. Wells, i, 836; Legendre, 26.
96. Wilhelm in Keyserling, 137; Wilhelm, Soul, 22; Wilhelm, Short Hstory, 104; Smith, 213.
97. Granet, 345; Williams, S. Wells, i, 836; Westermarck, Moral Ideas, i, 462; Ellis, H., Studies in the Psychology of Sex, vol. ii, Sexual Inversion, 6f.
98. Briffault, iii, 346.
99. Ibid.; Wilhelm in Keyserling, 126.
100. Williams, S. Wells, i, 834.
101. Brinkley, China, x, 101.
102. Polo, 134, 152, 235.
103. Parmelee, 182; Briffault, ii, 333.
104. Li-Po, 152.
105. Walev, 170 Chinese Poems, 19; Keyserling, Travel Diary, ii, 97.
106. Hirth, 116.
107. Williams, S. Wells, 785.
108. Ibid., 787-90.
109. Wilhelm, in Keyserling, Book of Marriage, 134.
110. Briffault, ii, 263.
111. Williams, S. Wells, i, 407-8.
112. Park, 133.
113. Wilhelm, Short History, 59; Wilhelm, in Keyserling, 123; Briffault, i, 302f.
114. Thomas, E. D., 134; Briffault, i, 368.
115. Granet, 43.
116. Briffault, ii, 331.
117. Cranmer-Byng, The Book of Odes, 11; Giles, History, 108, 274.
118. Smith, 194; Sumner and Keller, iii, 1754; Legendre, 18.
119. Li-chi, IX, iii, 7; Smith, 215; Sumner and Keller, iii, 1844.
120. In Briffault, ii, 331.
121. Waley, 170 Chinese Poems, 94.
122. Armstrong, 56.
123. Williams, S. Wells, i, 825.
124. Westermarck, Moral Ideas, i, 89; Keyserling, Travel Diary, ii, 65; Smith, 192; Legendre, 122.
125. Wilhelm, Soul, 309.
126. Voltaire, Works, xiii, 19.
127. Brinkley, China, x, 37, 44, 49.
128. Smith, 225.
129. Thomas, E. D., 236; Williams, S. Wells, i, 504; Latourette, ii, 46.
130. Garrison, 75.
131. Williams, i, 391-2; Latourette, ii, 46.
132. Williams, ii, 512; Hirth, 123; Wilhelm, Soul, 19.
133. Brinkley, I.e., 3.
134. Ibid., 78.
136. Ibid., 92.
137. Williams, i, 544.
138. Legendre, 158; Hall, J. W., Eminent Asians, 35.
139. Williams, i, 569.
140. Latourette, ii, 21; Brinkley, China, x, 86.
CHAPTER XXVII
1. Latourette, i, 313.
2. Lorenz, 248.
3. Latourette, i, 314.
4. Lorenz, 248; G & H, 238.
5. Norton, H. K., China and the Powers, 55; Latourette, i, 367; Peffer, 57.
6. Latourette, i, 376, 385; Norton, 56.
7. Park, 149.
8. Peffer, 88f; Latourette, i, 413.
9. G & H, 306.
10. Hall, Eminent Asians, 17; Peffer, 151.
11. Latourette, i, 411.
12. Hall, 33.
13. Peffer, 93.
14. G & H, 314.
15. N. Y. Times, Feb. II, 1934.
16. Eddy, Challenge of the East, 73.
18. Park, 86.
19. Latourette, ii, 93-6.
20. Eddy, 74.
21. Park, 89.
22. Eddy, 89.
23. Peffer, 241.
24. Peffer, 251.
25. Modern Review, Calcutta, May 1, 1931.
26. Peffer, 185.
27. Latourette, ii 174.
29. Ibid. 176.
30. Parmelee 94.
31. Park, 135; Lorenz, 192.
32. Wu, Chao-chu, The Nationalist Program for China, 28.
33. Legendre, 240.
34. Park, 114.
35. Close, Upton, Revolt of Asia, 245.
36. Lorenz, 250.
38. Hu Shih, 8.
39. Ibid., 7.
CHAPTER XXVIII
1. The Kojiki (681-711), in Murdoch, i, 59f, and Gowen, H. H., Outline History of Japan, 37f.
2. Murdoch, iii, 483.
3. Gowen, Japan, 13; Chamberlain, B. H., Things Japanese, 249.
4. Gowen, 25, reports three days of rain or snow in the average week.
5. Gowen, 17, 21; Chamberlain, B. H., 195; Redesdale, Lord, Tales of Old Japan, 2.
6. Chamberlain, B. H., 127.
7. Gowen, 99; Murdoch, iii, 211, 395-7; Chamberlain, 130.
8. Ibid., 128.
9. Hearn, Lafcadio, Japan: An Interpretation, 455.
11. Gowen, 61; Murdoch, i, 38.
12. Ibid.
13. Hearn, 448; Fenollosa, ii, 159.
14. Fenollosa, i, 64; Murdoch, i, 98-9.
15. Gowen, 64.
16. Murdoch, i, 94, 97.
17. Armstrong, 5, 18.
18. Ibid., 2.
19. Hearn, 53.
20. Murdoch, i, 39.
21. Brinkley, Capt. F., Japan: Its History, Arts and Literature, v, 118. Hearn, 45, 51
22. Gowen, 67.
23. Ibid., 65.
25. Ibid., 118.
26. Murdoch, i, 240-1.
27. Ibid., i, 377-8; Gowen, 116.
28. Murasaki, Lady, Tale of Genji, 27.
29. Tietjens, 156; tr. Curtis Hidden Page, Some authors attribute the poem to Michizane (Gowen, 119).
30. Close, Upton, Challenge: Behind the Face of Japan, 28; Gowen, 105; Latourette, i, 226.
31. Fenollosa, i, 149.
32. Brinkley Japan iv, 148.
33. Fenollosa i, 153.
34. Murdoch, i, 279.
35. Brinkley, i, 230.
36. Murdoch, i, 228-30.
37. Gowen, 147.
38. Murdoch, ii 711.
38a. Close, Challenge, 54.
39. Gowen, 156.
40. Ibid., 161-2; Murdoch, i, 545; Brinkley, ii, 190.
41. Ibid., ii, 108; viii, 17.
42. Close, 33.
43. Ibid., 34.
44. Murdoch, ii, 305.
45. Ibid., ii, 311.
46. Froez in Murdoch, ii, 369.
47. Gowen, 191.
48. Murdoch, ii, 89, 90, 238; Hearn, 365; Gowen, 191.
49. Hearn, 365.
50. Murdoch, ii, 241.
51. Ibid., 243.
52. Close, 44.
53. Brinkley, ii, 219.
54. Armstrong, 35.
55. Close, 56.
56. Ibid., 57-8.
57. Aston, 218-9; Bryan, 117.
58. Murdoch, ii, 492f
59. Ibid., ii, 288.
60. Brinkley, ii, 205.
61. Murdoch, iii, 315-30.
62. Hearn, 390.
CHAPTER XXIX
1. Hearn, 3.
2. Okakura, 10, 8.
3. Brinkley, iv, 6-7, 134; Murdoch, iii, 171.
4. Brinkley, ii, 115; iv, 172.
5. Ibid., iv, 36.
6. Chamberlain, B. H., 415.
7. Nitobe, Inazo, Bushido, the Soul of Japan, 18.
8. Brinkley, iv, 147, 217; Redesdale, 40.
9. Section 45 of Iyeyasu’s “Legacy,” in He
arn, 193; Murdoch, iii, 40.
10. Ibid.
11. J. H. Longford, in Murdoch, iii, 40n. Longford adds, Se non è vero è ben trovato.
12. Nitobe, 23.
13. Brinkley, iv, 56.
14. Ibid., 142, 109.
15. Hearn, 313; Gowen, 251.
16. Ibid., 364.
17. Murdoch, iii, 221; Aston, 231; Chamberlain, Things Japanese, 220-1; Hearn, 318.
18. Close, 59; Nitobe, 141.
19. Redesdale, 13, 16-7, 272; Aston, 230; Murdoch, iii, 235.
20. Nitobe, 121.
21. Murdoch, i, 188-9.
22. Brinkley, Japan, iv, 53; Hearn 328.
23. Brinkley, iv, 55, 92; Close, 58.
24. Brinkley, iv, 61.
25. Ibid., 63.
26. Hearn, 195.
27. Close, 58.
28. Hearn, 378.
29. Murdoch, iii. 336; Brinkley, iv, 67.
30. Hearn, 260, 255; Murdoch, i, 172; Brinkley, i, 238, 241; iv, III.
31. Gowen, 97.
32. Chamberlain, 150; Redesdale, 116; Armstrong, 19.
33. Brinkley, i, 133.
34. Murdoch, i, 17.
35. Brinkley, v, 195; ii, 118.
36. Gowen, 98.
37. Brinkley, ii, 118; v, 1; Murdoch, i, 603.
38. Ibid.
39. Close, 341.
40. In Aston, 149-50.
41. History of Japan, iii, 21, in Murdoch, iii, 171.
42. Cf. Close, 369.
43. Murdoch, iii, 446-50.
44. Encyc. Brit., viii, 910.
45. Gowen, 115.
46. Sansum, W. D., M.D., Normal Diet, 76.
47. Brinkley, i, 209, 213.
48. Shonagon, Lady Sei, Sketch Book, 29.
49. Brinkley, iv, 176-81; ii, 92, 104; Hearn, 257; Holland, Clive, Things Seen in Japan, 172.
50. Brinkley, i, 139, 209-10; iv, 160, 175, 180.
51. Brinkley, iv, 176.
52. Chamberlain, 60.
53. Ibid.
54. Murdoch, i, 40.
55. Brinkley, iv, 164.
56. Ibid.
57. Ibid., i, 146; ii, 106.
58. Ibid., ii, 111-2.
59. Gatenby, E. V., Cloud Men of Yamato, 35-6.
60. Brinkley, ii, 258-66.
61. Okakura, 15.
62. Gowen, 213.
63. Ibid.
64. Okakura, 139; Brinkley, iii, 9.
65. Walsh, Clara, Master-Singers of Japan, 108.
66. Gowen, 23.
67. Binyon, 30.
68. Gatenby, 25.
69. Hearn, 85.
70. Ibid., 75, 80-1, 89; Murdoch, iii, 75.
71. Aston, 232; Hearn, 78; Redesdale, 92; Brinkley, i, 149.
72. Armstrong, 55.
73. Brinkley, i, 188.
74. Shonagon, 50.
76. Brinkley, iv, 142; Close, 62; Chamberlain, 504.
77. Ibid., 501; Keyserling, Travel Diary, ii, 171.
78. Close, 61.
79. Hearn, 68, 83.
80. Genesis, ii, 24; Chamberlain, 166.
