Presbyterianism established by, 213
public significance of, 292
rebellion against Royalists in, 145–146
Scotland handing Charles I over to, 216–218
Self-Denying Ordinance of, 197
Short, 110
Strafford accusations of, 117
Strafford suggesting formation of, 108–109
theater banned by, 268
unpopular taxes of, 219
voting rights and, 42
wars financed by, 104–105
Warwick in, 43
women in, 41n
See also Junto; Roundheads
Parliamentarians. See Roundheads
patriot party, 23
‘A Pattern for a King’s Inaugeration’ (James I), 266
Peace of Westphalia, 255
peace-party grandees, 175, 179–181
Pepys, Samuel, 288–289
Percy, Thomas, 5
Peter, Hugh, 58–59, 196, 209, 231, 253
Charles I pre-execution sermon of, 270
execution of, 287
return from colonies, 160
Petition of Right, Charles I consenting to, 62
Philip IV (King of Spain), 77–78, 108, 290
appearance of, 20
Charles I received by, 20–21
Philiphaugh, Battle of, 208
Pierce Patent, 32
plague, 44–46, 227, 288
plays. See theater
popish conspiracy, Catholics and rumors of, 92, 109, 118, 137, 157
populism, 292
power
Charles I stripped of, 255
Charles I struggles with, 119, 132–133
of Essex, Robin, in military, 161
of House of Commons refused by Charles I, 264–265
Independent party and Presbyterian party struggle for, 197
in Parliament, 41–42
of Warwick in military, 161
See also kingship
predestination
Arminians and, 51
ban on, 68
Puritans and, 12n
Presbyterian party, 225
Charles I declining peace terms from, 210
goals of, 197
Independent party power struggle with, 197
Manchester and, 196–197
New Model Army disbandment announced by, 220
New Model Army driving out members from, 222
Parliament gains of, 216–217
Presbyterianism/Presbyterians, 95, 120, 159
Charles II and, 285
Christmas abolished by, 236
Parliament establishment of, 213
Scottish Engagement promises for, 236
Pride, Thomas, 253
Prince of Wales. See Charles II
propaganda, of The King’s Cabinet Opened, 206–207
Propaganda Fide, Catholicism and, 35
Protestant Union, 7
Protestantism/Protestants
Church of England divisions of, 10–11
Covenanters and, 103–104
English origins of, 11
Henrietta Maria judged by, 36, 44–45
surplice elimination and, 11
women in Parliament and, 41n
Providence Island Company, 80
Prynne, William, 86, 97, 188–189, 253
as hero, 294
Puritanism/Puritans
Anglo-Spanish war view of, 18n
Calvinists compared to, 12
colonial hopes of, 92
Henrietta Maria distrusted by, 92
Holland support of, 98
lawful recreations disapproved by, 91
moral reforms sought by, 91
predestination and, 12n
sectaries in, 137
Pym, John, 44, 109
appearance and background of, 52–53
cancer of, 183
Carlisle, L., relationship with, 141
Catholic threat plans of, 116–117
moderates exposing, 145
Strafford impeachment trial prosecution led by, 123–124
Rainborowe, Thomas, 226–227, 229
The Agreement of the People and, 230
Reformation
art following, 6–7
religious freedom, Henrietta Maria concerns with, 44, 49, 55
remonstrance
against Buckingham, 62–63
against Charles I, 251
Grand Remonstrance against Charles I, 141–143
Reni, Guido, 97
resistance theories, 5
Rich, Charles, 60
Rich, Henry. See Holland, Henry
Rich, Robert. See Warwick, Robert
Richelieu, Cardinal-Duc de, 31–32
de Chevreuse plots against, 96–97
death of, 184
The Three Musketeers story and, 295
Richmond (Duke), 280–282
Roundheads, 161–162, 164
armed advantage of, 166–167
Basing House siege by, 208–209
Battle of Cheriton victory of, 183–184
Battle of Edgehill dejection of, 171
Battle of Lostwithiel defeat of, 193
civil war aims of, 195
motivations of, 165–166
Royalists Battle of Edgehill against, 167–171
Rupert taking prisoners of, 166
uniforms of, 168
See also New Model Army
Royal Gift (Basilikon Doron), 9–10, 40, 95
Royal Portrait (Eikon Basilike) (Charles I), 255, 259, 266, 278
Royal Supremacy, Henry VIII claiming, 9–10
Royalists, 69–70
arms taken from fallen, 169
Basing House defeat of, 208–209
Battle of Cheriton defeat of, 183–184
Battle of Edgehill casualties of, 170
Battle of Leicester victory and plundering of, 202–203
Battle of Lostwithiel victory of, 193
Bolton massacre committed by, 194n
Charles I criticism from, 293
Charles I recruitment of, 157–158
defeat of, 213
motivations of, 165–166
New Model Army defeating, 204–205
in Oxford, 178–179
peace sought by, 176
peace-party grandees defecting to, 180
psychological advantage of, 167
rebellion against, 145–146
rivalries amongst, 178
Roundheads Battle of Edgehill against, 167–171
as Royalist agent, 247–248
second civil war uprising of, 238–241
uniforms of, 168
Whorwood as agent for, 247–248
women in, New Model Army slaughter of, 205
Rubens, Peter Paul, 21, 47
Buckingham commissioning, 30–31
Charles I paintings by, 83–84, 89
Charles I relationship with, 78–79
Marie de’ Medici portraits by, 30
Spanish alliance endeavors of, 78–81
Rupert (Prince of the Rhine), 164–165, 171
in Battle of Leicester, 201–202
in Battle of Marston Moor, 187–188, 190
‘Boy’ hunting poodle of, 191–192
Brentford attacked by, 172
Bristol victory of, 179
civil war peace argued for by, 208
Essex, Robin, challenging, 165
New Model Army defeating, 204–205
Roundheads taken prisoner by, 166
Ruthven, Alexander, 4
Ruthven, John (3rd Earl of Gowrie), 4
Scotland, 25
Charles I authority challenged in, 101–103
Charles I execution prevention attempts of, 270
Charles I signing secret Engagement with, 235–236
Charles I taken prisoner by, 212–213
Commonwealth losses of, 286
Edinburgh, 4, 93–94, 136
English armistice with, 114
/> English civil war joined by, 182–183, 192, 192n
French involvement in affairs of, 95
Henry VIII rebellion of, 102–103
National Covenant of, 95
New Model Army feared by, 228
Parliament receiving Charles I from, 216–218
political union demands of, 121
Royal Supremacy and, 9–10
in second civil war, 249–250
Strafford impeachment trial lobbying of, 123–124
Strafford strategy for, 116
See also Covenanters
Scottish prayer book, revolt against, 93–95, 101, 111
sectaries, 137
Self-Denying Ordinance, 197
sentencing, of Charles I, 265–266
sex drive, of women, 79
sexual education, of Henrietta Maria, 38
Seymour, Jane, 281
Ship Money tax, 89, 109–110, 219
Shirley, James, 85
Short Parliament, 110
Slingsby, Henry, 102, 105, 163
smallpox, 288
Sophie of the Rhine, 155
Spain
art in, purchased by Charles I, 21
Carlisle, L., support of, 77–78
Charles I and Buckingham in, 19–22
infanta Maria of, 21–22
Louis XIII signing French treaty with, 53–54
Rubens endeavors for alliance with, 78–81
Spenser, Edmund, 139n
Stapilton, Philip, 125
The Staple of News (Jonson), 52
Star Chamber, 119
stool-throwing protest, against Charles I, 93–94, 111
Strafford, Thomas (Earl), 85, 106
Act of Parliament against, 125–126
Carlisle, L., distancing from, 132
Carlisle, L., support for, 108
Charles I defense of, 127–128
Charles I struggling with death warrant against, 133–134
execution of, 135
Henrietta Maria defending, 126
Holland detest for, 107–108
impeachment trial of, 122–125
Irish rule of, 107
lynch mob chasing, 111–112
Parliament accusations against, 117
Parliament formation suggested by, 108–109
rescue attempt for, failure of, 132
Scotland strategy of, 116
Stuart, Aubigny, 170
Stuart, Bernard, 170
Stuart, Elizabeth (Queen), 5, 77
coronation of, 16
exile of, 17
Germany departure of, 7
marriage of, 6–7
Stuart, Henry, 5
death of, 7
illness of, 6–7
parental affection for, 6
posthumous reputation of, 18
Stuart, John, 178
death of, 183
Suckling, John, 129–130
Summers, William, 202
surplice, Protestants and elimination of, 11
taxes
of Anne of Austria, 268
Charles I raising, 89–90
of Commonwealth, 287
in France, 186
Parliament and unpopular, 219
second civil war demands against, 239
Ship Money, 89, 109–110, 219
theater
Charles I enjoying, 293
Parliament banning, 268
Thirty Years War, 103, 255
The Three Musketeers (Dumas), 33, 57, 295–296
Tonnage and Poundage, 53, 69–70
Towton, Battle of, 187–188
trials
of Charles I, 257–265
Charles I questioning Parliament authority for, 261–262
of Holland, 283
of kingship, 257–258
of Laud, 199–200
Strafford impeachment, 122–125
‘two bodies’ theory, of kingship, 160
Urban VIII (Pope), 35
Van Dyck, Anthony
criticism on work of, 88
Henrietta Maria and Charles I family portraits by, 87–88, 102
Vane, Henry, 124
Verney, Edmund, 169
Villiers, Francis, 241–242
Villiers, George (Duke of Buckingham). See Buckingham, Duke of
Villiers, George (Duke of Buckingham, 2nd), 241–242
voting rights, Parliament and, 42
Wales, Prince of. See Charles II
Walter, Lucy, 289
War, Council of, 195–196
War of the Roses, 174, 187
Ward, William, 137–138
war-party grandees, 175, 179–180
wars. See specific wars
Warwick, Robert (Earl), 51–52, 109, 129
appearance of, 43
Covenanters assisted by, 103
death of, 286
Henrietta Maria attacked by, 173–174, 184–185
military power of, 161
in Parliament, 43
Pierce Patent and, 32
Providence Island Company and, 80
wedding
of Charles I to Henrietta Maria, 27–28
of Mary Henrietta to William of Orange, 128–132
Wentworth, Thomas. See Strafford, Thomas
whipping, 9
White Mountain, Battle of, 16
Whitehall, 39–40, 82–83, 267–268
Whorwood, Jane
appearance of, 247
Charles I affair plans with, 248–249
Charles I allowed time with, 250
Charles I warned of Remonstrance by, 251
poverty in final years of, 289–290
as Royalist agent, 247–248
William of Orange (Prince), 119, 126–127
appearance of, 129
marriage consummation of, 131–132
Mary Henrietta marriage troubles with, 217–218
Mary Henrietta wedding to, 128–132
Williams, John, 133, 145–146
Windebank, Francis, 117
Winter Queen. See Stuart, Elizabeth
witchcraft, in England, 192, 192n, 205–206
women
as key to English Catholicism, 26–27
New Model Army slaughter of Royalist, 205
in Parliament, 41n
sex drive of, 79
witchcraft and, 192, 192n, 205–206
Wren, Matthew, 130
York, Duke of. See James
Young Gregory, Charles I execution and, 274–277
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